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Chang S, Yun C, Yang B, Duan J, Chen T, Liu L, Li B, Guo S, Zhang S. Comprehensive reutilization of Glycyrrhiza uralensis residue by extrusion-biological pretreatment for coproduction of flavonoids, cellulase, and ethanol. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 406:131002. [PMID: 38889869 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
A continuous chemical-free green approach was investigated for the comprehensive reutilization of all components in herbal extraction residues (HERs), taking Glycyrrhiza uralensis residue (GUR) as an example. The GUR structural changes induced by mechanical extrusion which improve the specific surface area and enzyme accessibility of GUR. With 3 % pretreated GUR loading of high-tolerance Penicillium oxalicum G2. The reducing sugar yield of 11.45 g/L was achieved, along with an 81.06 % in situ enzymatic hydrolysis. Finally, 8.23 g/L bioethanol (0.40 g/g total sugar) was produced from GUR hydrolysates after 24 h fermentation of Pichia stipitis G32. The amount of functional medicinal ingredients extracted from GUR after hydrolysis (39.63 mg/g) was 37.69 % greater than that of un-pretreated GUR. In total, 1.49 g flavonoids, 294.36 U cellulase, and 14.13 g ethanol could be produced from 100 g GUR using this process, illustrating that this green and efficient process has the potential for industrial production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Chang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China; Bio-based Platform Chemicals Catalysis Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Jiangsu Province, College of Life and Health, Nanjing Polytechnic Institute, 625 Geguan Road, Nanjing 210048, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenke Yun
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bingqian Yang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinao Duan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tianyi Chen
- Bio-based Platform Chemicals Catalysis Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Jiangsu Province, College of Life and Health, Nanjing Polytechnic Institute, 625 Geguan Road, Nanjing 210048, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Bio-based Platform Chemicals Catalysis Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Jiangsu Province, College of Life and Health, Nanjing Polytechnic Institute, 625 Geguan Road, Nanjing 210048, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bingfeng Li
- Bio-based Platform Chemicals Catalysis Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Jiangsu Province, College of Life and Health, Nanjing Polytechnic Institute, 625 Geguan Road, Nanjing 210048, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Sheng Guo
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sen Zhang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China.
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Li Z, Ma N, Gong X, Shi W, Meng X, Yan J, Zhao Z, Li J. Effects of herbal dregs supplementation of Salvia miltiorrhiza and Isatidis Radix residues improved production performance and gut microbiota abundance in late-phase laying hens. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1381226. [PMID: 38764854 PMCID: PMC11100463 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1381226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of a mixture of Chinese medicinal residues (CMRs) consisting of Salvia miltiorrhiza residues (SMR) and Isatidis Radix residues (IRR) on productive performance, egg quality, serum lipid and hormone levels, liver and blood antioxidant capacity, oviduct inflammation levels, and gut microbiota in the late-laying stage. A total of 288 fifty-four-week-old BaShang long-tailed hens were divided into four groups. The feed trial period was 8 weeks. The control group was fed the basic diet as a CCMR group, supplemented with 3, 4, and 6% for the experimental groups LCMR, MCMR, and HCMR. The egg production rate of the MCMR group was 8.1% higher than that of the CCMR group (p < 0.05). Serum triglyceride (TG) levels of hens of the CMR-supplemented group were significantly decreased than those of the CCMR group (p < 0.05). The group supplemented with different levels of CMR had significantly higher serum HDL-C levels compared with the control group (p < 0.05). Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels were remarkably increased for the LCMR and MCMR groups and significantly decreased for the HCMR group compared to CCMR (p < 0.05). Serum and liver glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) activities were significantly increased, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were significantly decreased in the MCMR group compared to the CCMR group (p < 0.05). The expression levels of tubal inflammatory factor markers (IL-4, IL-1β, TNF-α) in the MCMR and HCMR groups were consistent with the pathological findings of the sections. As for cecal microbiota, supplementation with CMR affected the alpha diversity of the cecum microbiome at the genus level. The Shannon index was significantly higher in the MCMR group than in the CCMR and HCMR groups (p < 0.05). Supplementation with different levels of CMR mainly regulated the ratio of intestinal Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes and the abundance of phyla such as Proteobacteria. In addition, CMR supplementation at different levels in the diet enriched lipid-metabolizing bacteria, such as Bacteroides and Ruminococcus_gnavus_group. Furthermore, according to linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) analysis, the MCMR group showed an increase in the number of short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria Romboutsia and fiber-degrading specialized bacteria Monoglobus. Therefore, supplementation of appropriate amounts of CMR to the diet of laying hens enhanced reproductive hormone levels, hepatic antioxidant capacity, and lipid metabolism, alleviated the levels of oviductal inflammatory factors, and modulated the abundance structure of bacterial flora to improve the late-laying performance and egg quality. The results of the current study showed that CMR is a beneficial feed supplement for chickens when added in moderation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaonian Li
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine of Hebei Province, Baoding, China
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Ning Ma
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Xincheng Gong
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Wanyu Shi
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Xianhua Meng
- Hebei General Station of Animal Husbandry, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jingjiao Yan
- Animal Husbandry Technology Promotion Institution of Zhangjiakou, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhao
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine of Hebei Province, Baoding, China
| | - Jiefeng Li
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine of Hebei Province, Baoding, China
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Li P, Yan Z, Shi P, Wang D, Liu Z, Lu M, Li C, Yin Y, Huang P. The Effects of Radix isatidis Raw Material on Egg Quality, Serum Biochemistry, Gut Morphology and Gut Flora. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2084. [PMID: 38136205 PMCID: PMC10741118 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12122084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
China produces more than 30 million tons of drug residues every year. Therefore, innovative solutions are needed to mitigate environmental damage. Certain plant compounds boost hens' health and performance. Radix isatidis is promising for layer production. This study elucidates the multidimensional impact of Radix isatidis residual material (RIHR) on laying hens, focusing on the egg quality, intestinal health and the microbial landscape. A total of 288 55-week-old Peking powder laying hens with similar laying rates and body weights were randomly divided into four groups, with eight replicates per group and nine hens per replicate. The groups were divided into a control group, an RIHR low-dose group, a medium-dose group and a high-dose group according to a single-factor, completely randomized design. For the three RIHR treatment groups, the added amounts were 5 kg/t, 10 kg/t and 15 kg/t, respectively. Liquid chromatography- mass spectrometry (LC-MS), molecular docking, fluorescence quantitative PCR and other methods were used. The results showed that three main anti-inflammatory and antiviral compounds were identified in RIHR-indirubin (0.21 μg/g), deoxyvasicinone (0.18 μg/g) and epigoitrin (0.39 μg/g). RIHR significantly increased the eggshell thickness, Haugh unit and protein height (p < 0.05). It also had significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects on ilea and ceca (p < 0.05). The microbial analysis demonstrated that RIHR supplementation led to a significant reduction in foregut Lactobacillus levels (p < 0.05). In the hindgut, a significant increase in pathogenic bacteria was observed (p < 0.05). The study concludes that RIHR's anti-inflammatory compounds may directly act on the intestinal tract to modulate inflammation, highlighting its potential for targeted interventions in poultry health and nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (P.L.); (P.S.); (Z.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Zenghao Yan
- Hutchison Whampoa Guangzhou Baiyunshan Chinese Medicine Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510515, China; (Z.Y.); (D.W.)
| | - Panpan Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (P.L.); (P.S.); (Z.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Deqin Wang
- Hutchison Whampoa Guangzhou Baiyunshan Chinese Medicine Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510515, China; (Z.Y.); (D.W.)
| | - Zhenhui Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (P.L.); (P.S.); (Z.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Mengting Lu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (P.L.); (P.S.); (Z.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Chuyuan Li
- Hutchison Whampoa Guangzhou Baiyunshan Chinese Medicine Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510515, China; (Z.Y.); (D.W.)
| | - Yulong Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (P.L.); (P.S.); (Z.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Peng Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (P.L.); (P.S.); (Z.L.); (M.L.)
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
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