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Zhou H, Du W, Ouyang D, Li Y, Gong Y, Yao Z, Zhong M, Zhong X, Ye X. Simple and accurate genomic classification model for distinguishing between human and pig Staphylococcus aureus. Commun Biol 2024; 7:1171. [PMID: 39294434 PMCID: PMC11410946 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06883-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) can cause various infections in humans and animals, contributing to high morbidity and mortality. To prevent and control cross-species transmission of S. aureus, it is necessary to understand the host-associated genetic variants. We performed a two-stage genome-wide association study (GWAS) including initial screening and further validation to compare genomic differences between human and pig S. aureus, aiming to identify host-associated determinants. Our multiple GWAS analyses found six consensus significant k-mers associated with host species, providing novel genetic evidence for distinguishing human from pig S. aureus. The best k-mer predictor achieved a high classification accuracy of 98.12% on its own and had extremely high resolution similar to the SNPs-based phylogeny, offering a very simple target for predicting the cross-species transmission risk of S. aureus. The final k-mer model revealed that 90% of S. aureus isolates from farm workers were predicted as livestock origin, suggesting a high risk of cross-species transmission. Bayesian inference revealed different cross-species transmission directions, with the human-to-pig transmission for ST5 and the pig-to-human transmission for ST398. Our findings provide a simple and accurate k-mer model for identifying and predicting the cross-species transmission risk of S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiliu Zhou
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenyin Du
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dejia Ouyang
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuehe Li
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yajie Gong
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenjiang Yao
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minghao Zhong
- Department of Prevention and Health Care, The Sixth People's Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan, China
| | - Xinguang Zhong
- Department of Prevention and Health Care, The Sixth People's Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan, China.
| | - Xiaohua Ye
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Talim J, Martins I, Messias C, Sabino H, Oliveira L, Pinto T, Albuquerque J, Cerqueira A, Dolores Í, Moreira B, Silveira R, Neves F, Rabello R. Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Colonizing Pigs and Farm Workers in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil: Potential Interspecies Transmission of Livestock-Associated MRSA (LA-MRSA) ST398. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:767. [PMID: 39200067 PMCID: PMC11350785 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13080767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Staphylococcus aureus has been increasingly isolated from pigs and people in close contact with them, especially livestock-associated methicillin-resistant S. aureus (LA-MRSA). In this cross-sectional study, we investigated S. aureus colonization in pigs and farm workers, their resistance profile, and genetic background to estimate interspecies transmission potential within farms from Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil, between 2014 and 2019. We collected nasal swabs from 230 pigs and 27 workers from 16 and 10 farms, respectively. Five MDR strains were subjected to whole genome sequencing. Fourteen (6.1%) pigs and seven (25.9%) humans were colonized with S. aureus, mostly (64-71%) MDR strains. Resistance to clindamycin, erythromycin, penicillin, and tetracycline was the most common among the pig and human strains investigated. MDR strains shared several resistance genes [blaZ, dfrG, fexA, lsa(E), and tet(M)]. Pig and human strains recovered from the same farm shared the same genetic background and antimicrobial resistance profile. LA-MRSA ST398-SCCmecV-t011 was isolated from pigs in two farms and from a farm worker in one of them, suggesting interspecies transmission. The association between pig management practices and MDR S. aureus colonization might be investigated in additional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Talim
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói 24020-150, RJ, Brazil; (J.T.); (H.S.); (J.A.); (A.C.); (F.N.)
| | - Ianick Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói 24033-900, RJ, Brazil;
| | - Cassio Messias
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal do Acre, Rio Branco 69915-900, AC, Brazil;
| | - Hellen Sabino
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói 24020-150, RJ, Brazil; (J.T.); (H.S.); (J.A.); (A.C.); (F.N.)
| | - Laura Oliveira
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil; (L.O.); (T.P.); (B.M.)
| | - Tatiana Pinto
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil; (L.O.); (T.P.); (B.M.)
| | - Julia Albuquerque
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói 24020-150, RJ, Brazil; (J.T.); (H.S.); (J.A.); (A.C.); (F.N.)
| | - Aloysio Cerqueira
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói 24020-150, RJ, Brazil; (J.T.); (H.S.); (J.A.); (A.C.); (F.N.)
| | - Ítalo Dolores
- Departament of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, SP, Brazil;
| | - Beatriz Moreira
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil; (L.O.); (T.P.); (B.M.)
| | - Renato Silveira
- Department of Morphology, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói 24210-130, RJ, Brazil;
| | - Felipe Neves
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói 24020-150, RJ, Brazil; (J.T.); (H.S.); (J.A.); (A.C.); (F.N.)
| | - Renata Rabello
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói 24020-150, RJ, Brazil; (J.T.); (H.S.); (J.A.); (A.C.); (F.N.)
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Silva V, Silva A, Barbero R, Romero M, del Campo R, Caniça M, Cordeiro R, Igrejas G, Poeta P. Resistome, Virulome, and Clonal Variation in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Healthy Swine Populations: A Cross-Sectional Study. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:532. [PMID: 38790161 PMCID: PMC11121583 DOI: 10.3390/genes15050532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This cross-sectional study investigates the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): its prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, and molecular characteristics in healthy swine populations in central Portugal. A total of 213 samples were collected from pigs on twelve farms, and MRSA prevalence was assessed using selective agar plates and confirmed via molecular methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and whole genome sequencing (WGS) were performed to characterize resistance profiles and genetic determinants. Among the 107 MRSA-positive samples (83.1% prevalence), fattening pigs and breeding sows exhibited notably high carriage rates. The genome of 20 isolates revealed the predominance of the ST398 clonal complex, with diverse spa types identified. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing demonstrated resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents, including penicillin, cefoxitin, and tetracycline. WGS analysis identified a diverse array of resistance genes, highlighting the genetic basis of antimicrobial resistance. Moreover, virulence gene profiling revealed the presence of genes associated with pathogenicity. These findings underscore the significant prevalence of MRSA in swine populations and emphasize the need for enhanced surveillance and control measures to mitigate zoonotic transmission risks. Implementation of prudent antimicrobial use practices and targeted intervention strategies is essential to reducing MRSA prevalence and safeguarding public health. Continued research efforts are warranted to elucidate transmission dynamics and virulence potential, ultimately ensuring food safety and public health protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Silva
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA of Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Adriana Silva
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA of Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Raquel Barbero
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital Ramón y Cajal and IRYCIS, 28034 Madrid, Spain (M.R.); (R.d.C.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario Romero
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital Ramón y Cajal and IRYCIS, 28034 Madrid, Spain (M.R.); (R.d.C.)
| | - Rosa del Campo
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital Ramón y Cajal and IRYCIS, 28034 Madrid, Spain (M.R.); (R.d.C.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuela Caniça
- National Reference Laboratory of Antibiotic Resistances and Healthcare Associated Infections, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- Centre for the Studies of Animal Science, Institute of Agrarian and Agri-Food Sciences and Technologies, University of Porto, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Rui Cordeiro
- Intergados, SA, Av. de Olivença, S/N, 2870-108 Montijo, Portugal
| | - Gilberto Igrejas
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA of Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Patricia Poeta
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA of Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- CECAV—Veterinary and Animal Research Centre, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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Huang L, Zhu L, Yan J, Lin Y, Ding D, He L, Li Y, Ying Y, Shen L, Jiang Y, Cai H, Jiang T. Genomic characterization and outbreak investigations of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a county-level hospital in China. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1387855. [PMID: 38638904 PMCID: PMC11025083 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1387855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a common pathogen contributing to healthcare-associated infections, which can result in multiple sites infections. The epidemiological characteristics of MRSA exhibit variability among distinct regions and healthcare facilities. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular epidemiology and nosocomial outbreak characteristics of MRSA in a county-level hospital in China. A total of 130 non-repetitive MRSA strains were collected from December 2020 to November 2021. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed to identify antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted to ascertain genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships. Independent transmission scenarios were determined by the phylogeny derived from single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the core genome. All the MRSA isolates were collected from the intensive care unit (30.00%, 39/130), the department of otorhinolaryngology (10.00%, 13/130) and the department of burn unit (9.23%, 12/130). The clinical samples mainly included phlegm (53.85%, 70/130), purulent fluid (24.62%, 32/130), and secretions (8.46%, 11/130). The resistance rates to erythromycin, clindamycin and ciprofloxacin were 75.38, 40.00, and 39.23%, respectively. All the isolates belonged to 11 clonal complexes (CCs), with the major prevalent types were CC5, CC59, and CC398, accounting for 30.00% (39/130), 29.23% (38/130), and 16.92% (22/130), respectively. Twenty sequence types (STs) were identified, and ST59 (25.38%, 33/130) was the dominant lineage, followed by ST5 (23.84%, 31/130) and ST398 (16.92%, 22/130). Three different SCCmec types were investigated, most of isolates were type IV (33.85%, 44/130), followed by type II (27.69%, 36/130) and type III (0.77%, 1/130). The common clonal structures included CC5-ST5-t2460-SCCmec IIa, CC59-ST59-t437-SCCmec IV and CC398-ST398-t034-SCCmec (-), with rates of 16.92% (22/130), 14.62% (19/130), and 13.84% (18/130), respectively. Only 12 panton-valentine leucocidin (PVL) positive strains were identified. Two independent clonal outbreaks were detected, one consisting of 22 PVL-negative strains belongs to CC5-ST5-t2460-SCCmec IIa and the other consisting of 8 PVL-negative strains belongs to CC5-ST5-t311-SCCmec IIa. Overall, our study indicated that the CC5 lineage emerged as the predominant epidemic clone of MRSA, responsible for nosocomial outbreaks and transmission within a county-level hospital in China, highlighting the necessity to strengthen infection control measures for MRSA in such healthcare facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyao Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, Affiliated Wenling Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenling, China
| | - Liangrong Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Wenling Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Wenling Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Wenling, China
| | - Jianxin Yan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, Affiliated Wenling Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenling, China
| | - Yajing Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, Affiliated Wenling Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenling, China
| | - Ding Ding
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, Affiliated Wenling Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenling, China
| | - Long He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, Affiliated Wenling Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenling, China
| | - Yexuzi Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, Affiliated Wenling Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenling, China
| | - Yi Ying
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Xianju’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Xianju, China
| | - Lijiong Shen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, Affiliated Wenling Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenling, China
| | - Yuhan Jiang
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haijun Cai
- Burn Unit, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, Affiliated Wenling Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenling, China
| | - Tian Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, Affiliated Wenling Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenling, China
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Song M, Tang Q, Ding Y, Tan P, Zhang Y, Wang T, Zhou C, Xu S, Lyu M, Bai Y, Ma X. Staphylococcus aureus and biofilms: transmission, threats, and promising strategies in animal husbandry. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2024; 15:44. [PMID: 38475886 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-024-01007-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a common pathogenic bacterium in animal husbandry that can cause diseases such as mastitis, skin infections, arthritis, and other ailments. The formation of biofilms threatens and exacerbates S. aureus infection by allowing the bacteria to adhere to pathological areas and livestock product surfaces, thus triggering animal health crises and safety issues with livestock products. To solve this problem, in this review, we provide a brief overview of the harm caused by S. aureus and its biofilms on livestock and animal byproducts (meat and dairy products). We also describe the ways in which S. aureus spreads in animals and the threats it poses to the livestock industry. The processes and molecular mechanisms involved in biofilm formation are then explained. Finally, we discuss strategies for the removal and eradication of S. aureus and biofilms in animal husbandry, including the use of antimicrobial peptides, plant extracts, nanoparticles, phages, and antibodies. These strategies to reduce the spread of S. aureus in animal husbandry help maintain livestock health and improve productivity to ensure the ecologically sustainable development of animal husbandry and the safety of livestock products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengda Song
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Innovative Utilization of Local Cattle and Sheep Germplasm Resources (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Qi Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yakun Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Peng Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yucheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chenlong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shenrui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Mengwei Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yueyu Bai
- Key Laboratory of Innovative Utilization of Local Cattle and Sheep Germplasm Resources (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Xi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Lee JI, Choi D, Kim S, Kim JY, Park SJ, Kwon EE. Developing a sorptive material of cadmium from pyrolysis of hen manure. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 351:141262. [PMID: 38262492 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
A large amount of manure is generated from concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs), leading to serious environmental issues and hazardous risks from pathogens, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Therefore, developing an effective method for manure disposal is essential. Thus, in this study, we suggest the use of CO2 in pyrolysis of hen manure (HM) as an effective method to convert the carbon in HM into syngas (especially carbon monoxide (CO)). HM was used and tested as the model compound. From the results of thermo-gravimetric analysis, the decarboxylation of CaCO3 in HM in the presence of N2 was realized at temperatures ranging from 638 to 754 °C. The Boudouard reaction was observed at ≥ 664 °C in the presence of CO2. Despite the lack of occurrence of the Boudouard reaction, more CO formation was observed in the presence of CO2 at ≥ 460 °C. This was deemed as a homogeneous reaction induced by CO2. Considering the high Ca content of HM, HM biochar in N2 and CO2 were used as adsorbent for removal of Cadmium (Cd), which is toxic heavy metal. The adsorption capacities of HM_N2 and HM_CO2 were 302.4 and 95.7 mg g-1, respectively. The superior performance of HM_N2 is mainly attributed to the presence of Ca(OH)2, which provides favorable (alkaline) conditions for precipitation and ion exchange. Our results indicate the environmental benefits from using CO2. Specifically, CO2 (representative greenhouse gas) converted into fuel. Given this, pyrolysis of HM in the presence of CO2 was achieved at ≤ 640 °C, and the atmospheric condition should be switched from CO2 to N2 at ≥ 640 °C to ensure the decarboxylation of CaCO3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-In Lee
- Institute of Agricultural Environmental Science, Hankyong National University, Anseong, 17579, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongho Choi
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungwon Kim
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Young Kim
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Jik Park
- Institute of Agricultural Environmental Science, Hankyong National University, Anseong, 17579, Republic of Korea; Department of Bioresources and Rural System Engineering, Hankyong National University, Anseong, 17579, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eilhann E Kwon
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
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Takahashi T, Kim H, Kim HS, Kim HS, Song W, Kim JS. Comparative Genomic Analysis of Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec Type V Staphylococcus aureus Strains and Estimation of the Emergence of SCC mec V Clinical Isolates in Korea. Ann Lab Med 2024; 44:47-55. [PMID: 37665285 PMCID: PMC10485862 DOI: 10.3343/alm.2024.44.1.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec type V (SCCmec V) methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has been recovered from patients and livestock. Using comparative genomic analyses, we evaluated the phylogenetic emergence of SCCmec V after transmission from overseas donor strains to Korean recipient strains. Methods Sixty-three complete MRSA SCCmec V genomes (including six Korean clinical isolates) were used to construct a phylogenetic tree. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms were identified using Snippy, and a maximum-likelihood-based phylogenetic tree was constructed using RAxML. The possible emergence of the most common ancestor was estimated using BactDating. To estimate mecA horizontal gene transfer (HGT) events, Ranger-dtl was applied to 818 SCCmec V strains using publicly available whole-genome data. Results The phylogenetic tree showed five major clades. German strains formed a major clade; their possible origin was traced to the 1980s. The emergence of Korean SCCmec V clinical isolates was traced to 2000-2010. mecA HGT events in Staphylococcus spp. were identified in seven strains. P7 (Hong Kong outbreak strain) served as the donor strain for two Korean sequence type (ST) 59 strains, whereas the other five recipient strains emerged from different SCCmec V donors. Conclusions Most Korean SCCmec V strains may have emerged during 2000-2010. A unique MRSA SCCmec V strain, ST72 (a Korean common type of community-associated MRSA), was also identified. The genomic dynamics of this clone with a zoonotic background should be monitored to accurately understand MRSA evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Takahashi
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences & Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hyaekang Kim
- Bioresources Collection and Research Division, Bioresources Collection and Bioinformation Department, Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources (NNIBR), Sangju, Korea
| | - Han-Sung Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Soo Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wonkeun Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Seok Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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