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Sen K, Khan MI, Paul R, Ghoshal U, Asakawa Y. Recent Advances in the Phytochemistry of Bryophytes: Distribution, Structures and Biological Activity of Bibenzyl and Bisbibenzyl Compounds. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:4173. [PMID: 38140499 PMCID: PMC10747515 DOI: 10.3390/plants12244173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Research on bryophyte phytochemistry has revealed the presence of different phytochemicals like fatty acids, terpenoids, small phenolic molecules, etc. Small phenolic molecules, i.e., bibenzyls (of two aromatic rings) and bisbibenzyls (four aromatic rings), are unique signature molecules of liverworts. The first bisbibenzyls marchantin A and riccardin A were discovered in two consecutive years, i.e., 1982 and 1983, respectively, by Asakawa and coworkers. Since then, about 70 bisbibenzyls have been reported. These molecules are characterized and identified using different spectroscopic techniques and surveyed for different bioactivity and structure-activity relations. Biochemistry is determined by the season, geography, and environment. In this review, quantitative and qualitative information on bibenzyls and bisbibenzyl compounds and their distribution in different liverworts across, geographies along withtraditional to advanced extraction methods, and characterization techniques are summarized. Also, a comprehensive account of characteristic spectra of different bisbibenzyl compounds, their subtypes, and their basic skeleton patterns are compared. A comprehensive table is provided here for the first time presenting the quantity of bibenzyls, bisbenzyls, and their derivatives found in bryophytes, mentioning the spectroscopic data and mass profiles of the compounds. The significance of these compounds in different bioactivities like antibiotic, antioxidative, antitumor, antivenomous, anti-influenza, insect antifeedant, cytotoxic, and anticancerous activities are surveyed and critically enumerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kakali Sen
- Department of Botany, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741245, India (U.G.)
| | | | - Raja Paul
- Department of Botany, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741245, India (U.G.)
| | - Utsha Ghoshal
- Department of Botany, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741245, India (U.G.)
| | - Yoshinori Asakawa
- Institute of Pharmacognosy, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan;
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Kobatake M, Miyoshi N, Ueno M. One-Pot Tandem Coupling Method for the Short-Step Formal Synthesis of Riccardin C. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203805. [PMID: 36573022 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
One-pot reactions reduce reagent amounts and circumvent process treatments, such as work-up and purifications in multi-step reactions. In this study, we achieved the formal total synthesis of riccardin C through a one-pot reaction by simultaneously linking four units through two Sonogashira coupling reactions and one Suzuki coupling reaction, followed by reduction and deprotection. Thus, this one-pot method comprised five steps and did not require the purification of intermediate reaction mixtures, which saves resources, such as reagents and solvents, and expedites the work process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Kobatake
- Department of Natural Science, Graduate School of Sciences and Technology, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minami-jousanjima, Tokushima, 770-8506, Japan
| | - Norikazu Miyoshi
- Department of Natural Science, Graduate School of Sciences and Technology, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minami-jousanjima, Tokushima, 770-8506, Japan
| | - Masaharu Ueno
- Department of Natural Science, Graduate School of Sciences and Technology, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minami-jousanjima, Tokushima, 770-8506, Japan
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First Phytochemical Profiling and In-Vitro Antiprotozoal Activity of Essential Oil and Extract of Plagiochila porelloides. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020616. [PMID: 36677674 PMCID: PMC9860869 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Volatiles metabolites from the liverwort Plagiochila porelloides harvested in Corsica were investigated by chromatographic and spectroscopic methods. In addition to already reported constituents, three new compounds were isolated by preparative chromatography and their structures were elucidated by mass spectrometry (MS) and NMR experiments. Hence, an atypic aliphatic compound, named 1,2-dihydro-4,5-dehydronerolidol and two isomers, (E) and (Z), possessing an unusual humbertiane skeleton (called p-menth-1-en-3-[2-methylbut-1-enyl]-8-ol) are newly reported and fully characterized in this work. The in vitro antiprotozoal activity of essential oil and extract of P. porelloides against Trypanosoma brucei brucei and Leishmania mexicana mexicana and cytotoxicity were determined. Essential oil and Et2O extract showed a moderate activity against T. brucei with IC50 values: 2.03 and 5.18 μg/mL, respectively. It is noteworthy that only the essential oil showed a high selectivity (SI = 11.7). Diethyl oxide extract exhibited moderate anticancer (cancerous macrophage-like murine cells) activity and also cytotoxicity (human normal fibroblast) with IC50 values: 1.25 and 2.96 μg/mL, respectively.
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Aoyagi Y, Fujiwara K, Takahashi Y, Yano R, Hitotsuyanagi Y, Takeya K, Aiyama R, Matsuzaki T, Hashimoto S, Nishihara-Tsukashima A, Namatame M, Ishiyama A, Iwatsuki M, Otoguro K, Yamada H, Ōmura S. Semisynthesis of Antitrypanosomal <i>p</i>-Quinone Analog Possesing the Komaroviquinone Pharmacophore. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2022; 70:300-303. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c21-00998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Koji Fujiwara
- School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy & Life Sciences
| | | | - Reiko Yano
- College of Pharmacy, Kinjo Gakuin University
| | | | - Koichi Takeya
- School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy & Life Sciences
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Aki Ishiyama
- Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University
| | | | | | - Haruki Yamada
- Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University
| | - Satoshi Ōmura
- Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University
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Asakawa Y, Nagashima F. Heterocyclic Stilbene and Bibenzyl Derivatives in Liverworts: Distribution, Structures, Total Synthesis and Biological Activity. HETEROCYCLES 2022. [DOI: 10.3987/rev-22-sr(r)5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Zhu X, Yan H, Yang M, Yang X, He L. Separation Three Phenanthrenes and Two Bibenzyls from Chloroform fractions of Pholidota articulata Lindl. by Using HPLC. J AOAC Int 2021; 105:282-287. [PMID: 34037763 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsab072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pholidota articulata Lindl has been used as a traditional medicine and Yi-nationality herbal medicine for the treatment of various diseases. Phenanthrenes and bibenzyls commonly found in genus Pholidota are one of the most important natural ingredients owing to their various biological activities. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to establish a HPLC method for determination of the levels of three phenenthrenes (flavidin, lusianthridin, coelonin) and two bibenzyls (batatasin III, cirrhopetalidin) in rhizomes of P. articulata Lindl. METHODS The separated and elucidated compounds from chloroform fractions of P. articulata Lindl was used as standards and analyzed by gradient elution HPLC with variable wavelength detector (VWD) at 274 nm. RESULTS The calibration curves exhibited good linearity (R2 = 0.9999) that was ranged from 20 to 960 ng/mL, the average recoveries were between 91.5 and 102.9%, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) values of precision, stability and repeatability were less than 2.34%. There were significant differences in the content of phenenthrenes and bibenzyls from the plants of genus Pholidota, Dendrobium and Bulbophyllum. Furthermore, this is the first report on the validation of a method for the quantitative analysis of flavidin (a) and cirrhopetalidin (e). CONCLUSIONS The present study will provide an alternative method for the rapid separation of phenanthrenes and bibenzyls from natural products and lay a foundation for the study of biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuying Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, 671000, China
| | - Hegui Yan
- College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, 671000, China
| | - Minghui Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, 671000, China
| | - Xiaoqiong Yang
- Institute of Tropical Eco-agricultural Sciences, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yuanmou, 651300, China
| | - Lu He
- Institute of Tropical Eco-agricultural Sciences, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yuanmou, 651300, China
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Nandy S, Dey A. Bibenzyls and bisbybenzyls of bryophytic origin as promising source of novel therapeutics: pharmacology, synthesis and structure-activity. Daru 2020; 28:701-734. [PMID: 32803687 PMCID: PMC7429097 DOI: 10.1007/s40199-020-00341-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The amphibian, non-vascular, gametophyte-dominant, bio-indicator class, bryophytes; with their wide ranges of habitat have attained importance due to their promising medicinal attributions and therapeutic role; mostly aided by presence of aromatic bibenzyl and bisbybenzyl class of compounds. Bibenzyls are steroidal ethane derivatives, resembling the structural moiety of bioactive dihydro-stilbenoids or iso-quinoline alkaloids. These stress triggered secondary metabolites are the by-products of the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway. Different classes of bryophytes (Bryophyta, Marchantiophyta and Anthocerotophyta) possess different subtypes of bibenzyls and dimeric bisbibenzyls. Among the liverwort, hornwort and mosses, former one is mostly enriched with bibenzyl type constituents as per the extensive study conducted for phytochemical deposit. Considering macrocyclic and acyclic group of bibenzyls and bisbybenzyls, generally marchantin type compounds are reported vividly for significant biological activity that includes neuro-nephro-cardio-protection besides anti-allergic, anti-microbial, anti-apoptotic and cytotoxic activities studied on in-vitro and in-vivo models or on cell lines. RESULT The critical analysis of reported chemical and pharmaceutical attributions of bibenzyls and bis-bibenzyls yielded detailed report on this compound class along with their application, mode of action, natural source, techniques of synthesis, extraction procedure, isolation and characterization. Further, the structure activity relationship studies and bioactivity of bibenzyls derived from non-bryophytic origin were also summarized. CONCLUSION This review encompasses prospective biological application of botanical reservoir of this primarily ignored, primeval land plant group where recent technical advances has paved the way for qualitative and quantitative isolation and estimation of novel compounds as well as marker components to study their impact on environment, as bio-control agents and as key leads in future drug designing. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samapika Nandy
- Research Scholar, Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, 700073 India
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, 700073 India
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Zhu X, Yan H, Yang M, Yang X, He L. Development of a Method for Separation Batatasin III and Cirrhopetalidin in the Stems of Bulbophyllum taeniophyllum by Using HPLC and Evaluation of Their Radical Scavenging Activity. CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.200295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuying Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chemistry, Dali University, Dali 671000, P. R. China
| | - Hegui Yan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chemistry, Dali University, Dali 671000, P. R. China
| | - Minghui Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chemistry, Dali University, Dali 671000, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqiong Yang
- Institute of Tropical Eco-agricultural Sciences, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yuanmou 651300, P. R. China
| | - Lu He
- Institute of Tropical Eco-agricultural Sciences, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yuanmou 651300, P. R. China
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Asakawa Y, Nagashima F, Ludwiczuk A. Distribution of Bibenzyls, Prenyl Bibenzyls, Bis-bibenzyls, and Terpenoids in the Liverwort Genus Radula. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:756-769. [PMID: 32142276 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b01132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Plants of the Radula genus are chemically very distinct from the other liverworts since they mainly elaborate bibenzyls including bibenzyl cannabinoids and prenyl bibenzyl derivatives, as well as bis-bibenzyls. Several of these components show biological activities such as psychoactivity, vasopressin antagonist, antimicrobial, antifungal, and NO production inhibitory activity, and cytotoxic activity against human cancer cell lines. While distribution of terpenoids in Radula species is in general very limited, some Portuguese species are rich sources of sesquiterpenoids. Among 679 liverwort species so far examined chemically, 264 species contained α-tocopherol, which may play an important antioxidative role for the constituents of oil bodies of liverworts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Asakawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Nagashima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
| | - Agnieszka Ludwiczuk
- Independent Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Pharmacognosy, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodzki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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Novakovic M, Simić S, Koračak L, Zlatović M, Ilic-Tomic T, Asakawa Y, Nikodinovic-Runic J, Opsenica I. Chemo- and biocatalytic esterification of marchantin A and cytotoxic activity of ester derivatives. Fitoterapia 2020; 142:104520. [PMID: 32088280 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Chemical and biocatalytic synthesis of seven previously undescribed marchantin A ester derivatives has been presented. Chemical synthesis afforded three peresterified bisbibenzyl products (TE1-TE3), while enzymatic method, using lipase, produced regioselective monoester derivatives (ME1-ME4). The antiproliferative activities of all prepared derivatives of marchantin A were tested on MRC-5 healthy human lung fibroblast, A549 human lung cancer, and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell lines. All tested esters were less cytotoxic in comparison to marchantin A, but they also exhibited lower cytotoxicity against healthy cells. Monoesters displayed higher cytotoxic activities than the corresponding peresterified products, presumably due to the presence of free catechol group. Monohexanoyl ester ME3 displayed the same IC50 like marchantin A against MDA-MB-231 cells, but the selectivity was higher. In this way, regioselective enzymatic monoesterification enhanced selectivity of marchantin A. ME3 was also the most active among all derivatives against lung cancer cells A549 with the slightly lower activity and selectivity in comparison to marchantin A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Novakovic
- National Institute, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Stefan Simić
- University of Belgrade-Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 16, P.O. Box 51, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ljiljana Koračak
- University of Belgrade-Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 16, P.O. Box 51, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mario Zlatović
- University of Belgrade-Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 16, P.O. Box 51, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Ilic-Tomic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Yoshinori Asakawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
| | - Jasmina Nikodinovic-Runic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Igor Opsenica
- University of Belgrade-Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 16, P.O. Box 51, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia.
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Asakawa Y, Ludwiczuk A. Chemical Constituents of Bryophytes: Structures and Biological Activity. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2018; 81:641-660. [PMID: 29019405 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b01046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Comparatively little attention has been paid to the bryophytes for use in the human diet or medicine in spite of the presence of 23 000 species globally. Several hundred new compounds have been isolated from the liverworts (Marchantiophyta), and more than 40 new carbon skeletons of terpenoids and aromatic compounds were found. Most of the liverworts studied elaborate characteristic odiferous, pungent, and bitter-tasting compounds, of which many show antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, allergic contact dermatitis, cytotoxic, insecticidal, anti-HIV, plant growth regulatory, neurotrophic, NO production and superoxide anion radical release inhibitory, muscle relaxing, antiobesity, piscicidal, and nematocidal activities. The biological effects ascribed to the liverworts are mainly due to lipophilic sesqui- and diterpenoids, phenolic compounds, and polyketides, which are the principal constituents of their oil bodies. Some mosses and liverworts produce significant levels of vitamin B2 and tocopherols, as well as prostaglandin-like highly unsaturated fatty acids. The most characteristic chemical phenomenon of the liverworts is that most of the sesqui- and diterpenoids are enantiomers of those found in higher plants. In this review, the chemical constituents and potential medicinal uses of bryophytes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Asakawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Tokushima Bunri University , Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514 , Japan
| | - Agnieszka Ludwiczuk
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plant Unit , Medical University of Lublin , 20-093 Lublin , Poland
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Zhao P, Song C. Macrocyclic Bisbibenzyls: Properties and Synthesis. STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64068-0.00003-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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Asakawa Y. The Isolation, Structure Elucidation, and Bio- and Total Synthesis of Bis-bibenzyls, from Liverworts and Their Biological Activity. Nat Prod Commun 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1701200845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Little attention has been paid to the bryophytes for use in the human diet in spite of the presence of 23,000 species in the world. Some liverworts produce lipophilic terpenoids and phenolic bis-bibenzyls, possessing antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, cytotoxic, anti-oxidant, muscle relaxing, and antiobesity activities. In this review, the isolation, structures elucidation, bio- and total syntheses of bis-bibenzyls from several liverworts are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Asakawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
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Chan PWH, Teo WT, Koh SWY, Lee BR, Ayers BJ, Ma DL, Leung CH. Silver Triflate Catalyzed Cyclopropyl Carbinol Rearrangement for Benzo[b]oxepine and 2H-Chromene Synthesis. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Abstract
Macrocycles possess desirable properties that make them promising candidates for the discovery of novel drugs. They present structural features to favor bioactive conformations, selectivity to the receptors, cell permeability and metabolic stability. More effective and nontoxic drugs to cure human African trypanosomiasis, Leishmaniasis and Chagas disease are needed, especially because resistance has been detected. Therefore, major efforts should be made for investigation in new bioactive compounds exhibiting different mechanisms of action. Macrocycles might fulfill the expectations for the development of new drugs to treat those diseases. In the current review, we focus on macrocycles exhibiting biological activities as antitrypanosomal and/or antileishmanial. The isolation, synthetic and biological studies of this class of compounds published from 2005 to 2014 are summarized.
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Gannavaram S, Davey S, Lakhal-Naouar I, Duncan R, Nakhasi HL. Deletion of ubiquitin fold modifier protein Ufm1 processing peptidase Ufsp in L. donovani abolishes Ufm1 processing and alters pathogenesis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014; 8:e2707. [PMID: 24587462 PMCID: PMC3930514 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we showed Leishmania donovani Ufm1 has a Gly residue conserved at the C-terminal region with a unique 17 amino acid residue extension that must be processed prior to conjugation to target proteins. In this report, we describe for the first time the isolation and characterization of the Leishmania Ufm1-specific protease Ufsp. Biochemical analysis of L. donovani Ufsp showed that this protein possesses the Ufm1 processing activity using sensitive FRET based activity probes. The Ufm1 cleavage activity was absent in a mutant Ufsp in which the active site cysteine is altered to a serine. To examine the effects of abolition of Ufm1 processing activity, we generated a L. donovani null mutant of Ufsp (LdUfsp−/−). Ufm1 processing activity was abolished in LdUfsp−/− mutant, and the processing defect was reversed by re-expression of wild type but not the cys>ser mutant in the LdUfsp−/− parasites. Further LdUfsp−/− mutants showed reduced survival as amastigotes in infected human macrophages but not as promastigotes. This growth defect in the amastigotes was reversed by re-expression of wild type but not the cys>ser mutant in the Ufsp−/− indicating the essential nature of this protease for Leishmania pathogenesis. Further, mouse infection experiments showed deletion of Ufsp results in reduced virulence of the parasites. Additionally, Ufsp activity was inhibited by an anti-leishmanial drug Amphotericin B. These studies provide an opportunity to test LdUfsp−/− parasites as drug and vaccine targets. Ubiquitin and ubiquitin like proteins (Ubls) and the enzymes that mediate the conjugation/deconjugation reactions have not been well studied in protozoan parasites despite their widely recognized importance in a broad range of cellular functions in eukaryotes. We have previously reported that Ufm1 has distinct protein targets and cellular localization in the human parasite Leishmania donovani and deletion of Ufm1 in L. donovani adversely impacts the pathogenesis suggesting that Ufm1 associated enzymes could be exploited as drug targets. Using sensitive FRET based activity probes we identified the Ufm1 processing peptidase Ufsp in L. donovani. In addition, we show that deletion of Ufsp specifically reduces the survival of amastigotes, the parasite stage that is present in the humans thus altering the pathogenesis. Studies showing inhibition of Ufsp activity by anti-leishmanial drug further suggests that Leishmania Ufsp can serve as a novel target for pharmacological intervention for this parasite that causes deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreenivas Gannavaram
- Laboratory of Emerging Pathogens, Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, FDA, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SG); (HLN)
| | - Sonya Davey
- Laboratory of Emerging Pathogens, Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, FDA, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ines Lakhal-Naouar
- Laboratory of Emerging Pathogens, Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, FDA, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Robert Duncan
- Laboratory of Emerging Pathogens, Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, FDA, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Hira L. Nakhasi
- Laboratory of Emerging Pathogens, Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, FDA, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SG); (HLN)
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Aoyagi Y, Fujiwara K, Yamazaki A, Sugawara N, Yano R, Fukaya H, Hitotsuyanagi Y, Takeya K, Ishiyama A, Iwatsuki M, Otoguro K, Yamada H, Ōmura S. Semisynthesis of salviandulin E analogues and their antitrypanosomal activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:442-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Csuk R, Albert S, Siewert B. Synthesis and Radical Scavenging Activities of Resveratrol Analogs. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2013; 346:504-10. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201300081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- René Csuk
- Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg; Bereich Organische Chemie; Halle (Saale); Germany
| | - Sabrina Albert
- Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg; Bereich Organische Chemie; Halle (Saale); Germany
| | - Bianka Siewert
- Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg; Bereich Organische Chemie; Halle (Saale); Germany
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Otoguro K, Iwatsuki M, Ishiyama A, Namatame M, Nishihara-Tsukashima A, Kiyohara H, Hashimoto T, Asakawa Y, Omura S, Yamada H. In vitro antitrypanosomal activity of some phenolic compounds from propolis and lactones from Fijian Kawa (Piper methysticum). J Nat Med 2011; 66:558-61. [PMID: 22116743 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-011-0613-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
During our search to discover new antitrypanosomal compounds, eight known plant compounds (three phenolic compounds and five kawa lactones) were evaluated for in vitro activity against Trypanosoma brucei brucei. Among them, we found two phenolic compounds and three kawa lactones possessing an α-pyrone influenced antitrypanosomal property. In particular, β-phenethyl caffeate, farnesyl caffeate and dihydrokawain exhibited high or moderate selective and potent antitrypanosomal activity in vitro. We detail here the antitrypanosomal activity and cytotoxicities of the compounds, in comparison with two commonly used antitrypanosomal drugs (eflornithine and suramin). Our findings represent the first report of the promising trypanocidal activity of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Otoguro
- Research Center for Tropical Diseases, Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan.
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