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Bielopolski D, Musante L, Hoorn EJ, Molina H, Barrows D, Carrol TS, Harding MA, Upson S, Qureshi A, Weder MM, Tobin JN, Kost RG, Erdbrügger U. Effect of the DASH diet on the sodium-chloride cotransporter and aquaporin-2 in urinary extracellular vesicles. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2024; 326:F971-F980. [PMID: 38634133 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00274.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The dietary approach to stop hypertension (DASH) diet combines the antihypertensive effect of a low sodium and high potassium diet. In particular, the potassium component of the diet acts as a switch in the distal convoluted tubule to reduce sodium reabsorption, similar to a diuretic but without the side effects. Previous trials to understand the mechanism of the DASH diet were based on animal models and did not characterize changes in human ion channel protein abundance. More recently, protein cargo of urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) has been shown to mirror tissue content and physiological changes within the kidney. We designed an inpatient open label nutritional study transitioning hypertensive volunteers from an American style diet to DASH diet to examine physiological changes in adults with stage 1 hypertension otherwise untreated (Sacks FM, Svetkey LP, Vollmer WM, Appel LJ, Bray GA, Harsha D, Obarzanek E, Conlin PR, Miller ER 3rd, Simons-Morton DG, Karanja N, Lin PH; DASH-Sodium Collaborative Research Group. N Engl J Med 344: 3-10, 2001). Urine samples from this study were used for proteomic characterization of a large range of pure uEVs (small to large) to reveal kidney epithelium changes in response to the DASH diet. These samples were collected from nine volunteers at three time points, and mass spectrometry identified 1,800 proteins from all 27 samples. We demonstrated an increase in total SLC12A3 [sodium-chloride cotransporter (NCC)] abundance and a decrease in aquaporin-2 (AQP2) in uEVs with this mass spectrometry analysis, immunoblotting revealed a significant increase in the proportion of activated (phosphorylated) NCC to total NCC and a decrease in AQP2 from day 5 to day 11. This data demonstrates that the human kidney's response to nutritional interventions may be captured noninvasively by uEV protein abundance changes. Future studies need to confirm these findings in a larger cohort and focus on which factor drove the changes in NCC and AQP2, to which degree NCC and AQP2 contributed to the antihypertensive effect and address if some uEVs function also as a waste pathway for functionally inactive proteins rather than mirroring protein changes.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Numerous studies link DASH diet to lower blood pressure, but its mechanism is unclear. Urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) offer noninvasive insights, potentially replacing tissue sampling. Transitioning to DASH diet alters kidney transporters in our stage 1 hypertension cohort: AQP2 decreases, NCC increases in uEVs. This aligns with increased urine volume, reduced sodium reabsorption, and blood pressure decline. Our data highlight uEV protein changes as diet markers, suggesting some uEVs may function as waste pathways. We analyzed larger EVs alongside small EVs, and NCC in immunoblots across its molecular weight range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Bielopolski
- The Rockefeller University Center for Clinical and Translational Science, New York, New York, United States
| | - Luca Musante
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Ewout J Hoorn
- Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henrik Molina
- Proteomics Resource Center, Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States
| | - Douglas Barrows
- Bioinformatics Resource Center, Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States
| | - Thomas S Carrol
- Bioinformatics Resource Center, Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States
| | - Michael A Harding
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia at Charlottesville, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - Samantha Upson
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia at Charlottesville, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - Adam Qureshi
- The Rockefeller University Center for Clinical and Translational Science, New York, New York, United States
| | - Max M Weder
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia at Charlottesville, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - Jonathan N Tobin
- The Rockefeller University Center for Clinical and Translational Science, New York, New York, United States
- Clinical Directors Network, New York, New York, United States
| | - Rhonda G Kost
- The Rockefeller University Center for Clinical and Translational Science, New York, New York, United States
| | - U Erdbrügger
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia at Charlottesville, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
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Ma J, Liu W, Wang X, Lu C, Hao Z, Wang Y, Ding Y, Li Y. Cnidium officinale Makino: Phytology, Phytochemistry, Toxicology, Pharmacology and Prescriptions (1967-2023). Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301639. [PMID: 38062000 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Cnidium officinale Makino (COM), a perennial herbaceous plant in the Apiaceous family, widely distribute in Eastern Asia and Asia-Temperate. It has a long history application as a traditional medicine for invigorating the blood and removing blood stasis, and also has been employed to diet, pesticide, herbal bathing materials, the cosmetic and skin care industry. However, there has been no associated review of literature in the past half a century (1967-2023). By searching the international authoritative databases and collecting 229 literatures closely related to COM, herewith a comprehensive and systematic review was conducted. The phytology includes plant distribution and botanical characteristics. The phytochemistry covers 8 major categories, 208 compounds in total, and the quantitative determination of 14 monomer compounds, total polyphenols and total flavonoids. The clinical trial in pregnant women and toxic experiments in mice, the pharmacology of 7 aspects and 82 frequently used prescriptions are summarized. It is expected that this paper will provide forward-looking scientific thinking and literature support for the further modern research, development and utilization of COM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Xueyu Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Chang Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Zezhuang Hao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Ye Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Yuling Ding
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Yong Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
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Adam RJ, Williams AC, Kriegel AJ. Comparison of the Surgical Resection and Infarct 5/6 Nephrectomy Rat Models of Chronic Kidney Disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2022; 322:F639-F654. [PMID: 35379002 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00398.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The 5/6 nephrectomy rat remnant kidney model is commonly employed to study chronic kidney disease (CKD). This model requires removal of one whole kidney and two-thirds of the other. The two most common ways of producing the remnant kidney are surgical resection of poles, known as the polectomy (Pol) model, or ligation of upper and lower renal arterial branches, resulting in pole infarction (Inf). These models have much in common, but also major phenotypic differences, and thus respectively model unique aspects of human CKD. The purpose of this review is to summarize phenotypic similarities and differences between these two models and their relation to human CKD, while emphasizing their vascular phenotype. In this article we review studies that have evaluated arterial blood pressure, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system (RAAS), autoregulation, nitric oxide, single nephron physiology, angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors, and capillary rarefaction in these two models. Phenotypic similarities: both models spontaneously develop hallmarks of human CKD including uremia, fibrosis, capillary rarefaction, and progressive renal function decline. They both undergo whole-organ hypertrophy, hyperfiltration of functional nephrons, reduced renal expression of angiogenic factor VEGF, increased renal expression of the anti-angiogenic thrombospondin-1, impaired renal autoregulation, and abnormal vascular nitric oxide physiology. Key phenotypic differences: the Inf model develops rapid-onset, moderate-to-severe systemic hypertension, and the Pol model early normotension followed by mild-to-moderate hypertension. The Inf rat has a markedly more active renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system. Comparison of these two models facilitates understanding of how they can be utilized for studying CKD pathophysiology (e.g., RAAS dependent or independent pathology).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Adam
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Adaysha C Williams
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Alison J Kriegel
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Center of Systems Molecular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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Asymmetric Dimethylarginine (ADMA) in Pediatric Renal Diseases: From Pathophysiological Phenomenon to Clinical Biomarker and Beyond. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8100837. [PMID: 34682102 PMCID: PMC8535118 DOI: 10.3390/children8100837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor, inhibits NO synthesis and contributes to the pathogenesis of many human diseases. In adults, ADMA has been identified as a biomarker for chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression and cardiovascular risk. However, little attention is given to translating the adult experience into the pediatric clinical setting. In the current review, we summarize circulating and urinary ADMA reported thus far in clinical studies relating to kidney disease in children and adolescents, as well as systematize the knowledge on pathophysiological role of ADMA in the kidneys. The aim of this review is also to show the various analytical methods for measuring ADMA and the issues tht need to be addressed before transforming to clinical practice in pediatric medicine. The last task is to suggest that ADMA may not only be suitable as a diagnostic or prognostic biomarker, but also a promising therapeutic strategy to treat pediatric kidney disease in the future.
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The role of protein arginine methyltransferases in kidney diseases. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:2037-2051. [PMID: 32766778 DOI: 10.1042/cs20200680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The methylation of arginine residues by protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) is a crucial post-translational modification for many biological processes, including DNA repair, RNA processing, and transduction of intra- and extracellular signaling. Previous studies have reported that PRMTs are extensively involved in various pathologic states, including cancer, inflammation, and oxidative stress reaction. However, the role of PRMTs has not been well described in kidney diseases. Recent studies have shown that aberrant function of PRMTs and its metabolic products-symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA)-are involved in several renal pathological processes, including renal fibrosis, acute kidney injury (AKI), diabetic nephropathy (DN), hypertension, graft rejection and renal tumors. We aim in this review to elucidate the possible roles of PRMTs in normal renal function and various kidney diseases.
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Nephroprotective effects of nebivolol in 2K1C rats through regulation of the kidney ROS-ADMA-NO pathway. Pharmacol Rep 2018; 70:917-929. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Toxic Dimethylarginines: Asymmetric Dimethylarginine (ADMA) and Symmetric Dimethylarginine (SDMA). Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:toxins9030092. [PMID: 28272322 PMCID: PMC5371847 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9030092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Asymmetric and symmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA and SDMA, respectively) are toxic, non-proteinogenic amino acids formed by post-translational modification and are uremic toxins that inhibit nitric oxide (NO) production and play multifunctional roles in many human diseases. Both ADMA and SDMA have emerged as strong predictors of cardiovascular events and death in a range of illnesses. Major progress has been made in research on ADMA-lowering therapies in animal studies; however, further studies are required to fill the translational gap between animal models and clinical trials in order to treat human diseases related to elevated ADMA/SDMA levels. Here, we review the reported impacts of ADMA and SDMA on human health and disease, focusing on the synthesis and metabolism of ADMA and SDMA; the pathophysiological roles of these dimethylarginines; clinical conditions and animal models associated with elevated ADMA and SDMA levels; and potential therapies against ADMA and SDMA. There is currently no specific pharmacological therapy for lowering the levels and counteracting the deleterious effects of ADMA and SDMA. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the impact of ADMA and SDMA on a wide range of human diseases is essential to the development of specific therapies against diseases related to ADMA and SDMA.
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Ma Y, Fujimoto M, Watari H, Kimura M, Shimada Y. The renoprotective effect of shichimotsukokato on hypertension-induced renal dysfunction in spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Nat Med 2015; 70:152-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s11418-015-0945-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Xiao HB, Liu ZK, Lu XY, Deng CN, Luo ZF. Icariin regulates PRMT/ADMA/DDAH pathway to improve endothelial function. Pharmacol Rep 2015; 67:1147-54. [PMID: 26481534 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2015.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress may affect PRMT/ADMA/DDAH (protein arginine methyltransferases/asymmetric dimethylarginine/dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase) pathway to impair endothelial dysfunction. The present study was carried out to test the effect of icariin on endothelial function and the mechanisms responsible for this. METHODS Eighty mice at 12 weeks of age were separated randomly into four groups (n = 20): C57BL/6J control, untreated apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE(-/-)), two groups of icariin-treated (10 or 30 mg/kg body wt/day, intragastrically) ApoE(-/-). Primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were randomly divided into 7 groups: control group, vehicle of icariin (10 μmol/L) group, icariin (10 μmol/L) group, lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) (10 μg/mL) group, LPC plus icariin (1 μmol/L) group, LPC plus icariin (3 μmol/L) group, and LPC plus icariin (10 μmol/L) group. RESULTS In ApoE(-/-) mice and primary HUVECs, icariin treatment decreased reactive oxygen species production, PRMT I expression, ADMA level, half-maximum effective concentration of ApoE(-/-) mice aortic rings. Icariin increased DDAH II expression, DDAH activity, maximal relaxation value and endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in aortic rings from ApoE(-/-) mice (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The present results suggest that icariin regulates PRMT/ADMA/DDAH pathway to improve endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Bo Xiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.
| | - Zi-Kui Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiang-Yang Lu
- Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha, China
| | | | - Zhi-Feng Luo
- Department of Basic Medicine, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, China
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Zhang YU, Zhou N, Wang H, Wang S, He J. Effect of Shenkang granules on the progression of chronic renal failure in 5/6 nephrectomized rats. Exp Ther Med 2015; 9:2034-2042. [PMID: 26136932 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Shenkang granules (SKGs) are a Chinese herbal medicinal formula, consisting of rhubarb (Rheum palmatum L.), Salvia miltiorrhiza, milkvetch root [Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge] and safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of SKG on chronic renal failure (CRF) in 5/6 nephrectomized (5/6 Nx) rats. The rats were randomly divided into seven groups (n=10 per group) as follows: (i) 5/6 Nx (model group; 2.25 ml/kg/day normal saline); (ii) SKGL (low dose; 5/6 Nx treated with 2 g crude drug/kg/day SKG); (iii) SKGM (moderate dose; 5/6 Nx treated with 4 g crude drug/kg/day SKG); (iv) SKGH (high dose; 5/6 Nx treated with 8 g crude drug/kg/day SKG); (v) benazepril treatment group (5/6 Nx treated with 5 mg/kg/day benazepril); (vi) Shenkang injection (SKI) group (5/6 Nx with 13.3 ml/kg/day SKI); and (vii) sham-operated group (2.25 ml/kg/day normal saline). After 30 days, the levels of microalbumin, total protein, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and serum lipid were found to be significantly decreased in the SKGL and SKGM rats, showing histological improvement compared with the untreated 5/6 Nx rats, as determined by hematoxylin and eosin, and Masson's trichrome staining. In addition, SKG was found to significantly improve the levels of glutathione peroxidase and reduce the damage caused by free radicals to the kidney tissues. Furthermore, SKG prevented the accumulation of extracellular matrix by decreasing the expression of collagen I and III and inhibiting the expression of matrix metalloproteinases-2 and -9 in the renal tissue, as determined by western blot analysis. SKG was also shown to decrease the concentrations of serum transforming growth factor-β1, as determined by ELISA, and kidney angiotensin II, as determined using a radioimmunoassay kit. In conclusion, SKG was demonstrated to ameliorate renal injury in a 5/6 Nx rat model of CRF. Thus, SKG may exert a good therapeutic effect on CRF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y U Zhang
- School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Nan Zhou
- School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Hongying Wang
- School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Sicen Wang
- School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Jianyu He
- School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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Calycosin and formononetin from astragalus root enhance dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 2 and nitric oxide synthase expressions in Madin Darby Canine Kidney II cells. J Nat Med 2013; 67:782-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11418-013-0749-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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