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Mendes E, Ramalhete C, Duarte N. Myrsinane-Type Diterpenes: A Comprehensive Review on Structural Diversity, Chemistry and Biological Activities. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:147. [PMID: 38203318 PMCID: PMC10779237 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Euphorbia species are important sources of polycyclic and macrocyclic diterpenes, which have been the focus of natural-product-based drug research due to their relevant biological properties, including anticancer, multidrug resistance reversal, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory activities. Premyrsinane, cyclomyrsinane, and myrsinane diterpenes are generally and collectively designated as myrsinane-type diterpenes. These compounds are derived from the macrocyclic lathyrane structure and are characterized by having highly oxygenated rearranged polycyclic systems. This review aims to describe and summarize the distribution and diversity of 220 myrsinane-type diterpenes isolated in the last four decades from about 20 Euphorbia species. Some myrsinane diterpenes obtained from Jatropha curcas are also described. Discussion on their plausible biosynthetic pathways is presented, as well as isolation procedures and structural elucidation using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Furthermore, the most important biological activities are highlighted, which include cytotoxic and immunomodulatory activities, the modulation of efflux pumps, the neuroprotective effects, and the inhibition of enzymes such as urease, HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, and prolyl endopeptidase, among other biological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduarda Mendes
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMED.Ulisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (E.M.); (C.R.)
| | - Cátia Ramalhete
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMED.Ulisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (E.M.); (C.R.)
- ATLÂNTICA—Instituto Universitário, Fábrica da Pólvora de Barcarena, 2730-036 Barcarena, Portugal
| | - Noélia Duarte
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMED.Ulisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (E.M.); (C.R.)
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2
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Jadranin M, Savić D, Lupšić E, Podolski-Renić A, Pešić M, Tešević V, Milosavljević S, Krstić G. LC-ESI QToF MS Non-Targeted Screening of Latex Extracts of Euphorbia seguieriana ssp. seguieriana Necker and Euphorbia cyparissias and Determination of Their Potential Anticancer Activity. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:4181. [PMID: 38140508 PMCID: PMC10747863 DOI: 10.3390/plants12244181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Euphorbia seguieriana ssp. seguieriana Necker (ES) and Euphorbia cyparissias (EC) with a habitat in the Deliblato Sands were the subject of this examination. The latexes of these so far insufficiently investigated species of the Euphorbia genus are used in traditional medicine for the treatment of wounds and warts on the skin. To determine their chemical composition, non-targeted screening of the latexes' chloroform extracts was performed using liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry employing an electrospray ionization source (LC-ESI QTOF MS). The analysis of the obtained results showed that the latexes of ES and EC represent rich sources of diterpenes, tentatively identified as jatrophanes, ingenanes, tiglianes, myrsinanes, premyrsinanes, and others. Examination of the anticancer activity of the ES and EC latex extracts showed that both extracts significantly inhibited the growth of the non-small cell lung carcinoma NCI-H460 and glioblastoma U87 cell lines as well as of their corresponding multi-drug resistant (MDR) cell lines, NCI-H460/R and U87-TxR. The obtained results also revealed that the ES and EC extracts inhibited the function of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in MDR cancer cells, whose overexpression is one of the main mechanisms underlying MDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milka Jadranin
- University of Belgrade—Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Department of Chemistry, Njegoševa 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Danica Savić
- University of Belgrade—Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Department of Chemistry, Njegoševa 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Ema Lupšić
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia; (E.L.); (A.P.-R.); (M.P.)
| | - Ana Podolski-Renić
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia; (E.L.); (A.P.-R.); (M.P.)
| | - Milica Pešić
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia; (E.L.); (A.P.-R.); (M.P.)
| | - Vele Tešević
- University of Belgrade—Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12–16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (V.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Slobodan Milosavljević
- University of Belgrade—Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12–16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (V.T.); (S.M.)
- Serbian Academy of Science and Arts, Kneza Mihaila 35, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Gordana Krstić
- University of Belgrade—Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12–16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (V.T.); (S.M.)
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Yazdiniapour Z, Sohrabi MH, Motinia N, Zolfaghari B, Mehdifar P, Ghanadian M, Lanzotti V. Diterpenoids from Euphorbia gedrosiaca as Potential Anti-Proliferative Agents against Breast Cancer Cells. Metabolites 2023; 13:225. [PMID: 36837845 PMCID: PMC9964718 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Isolated diterpenes from various species of Euphorbia are important compounds for drug discovery with a broad spectrum of structures and biological effects. In this study, Euphorbia gedrosiaca, one of the endemic species of Iran, was analyzed in terms of the presence and structural determination of diterpenoid compounds. They were extracted with dichloromethane/acetone (2:1) from aerial parts of this plant and purified by chromatographic methods such as MPLC and HPLC. Four premyrsinane compounds and one myrsinane diterpene were isolated from Euphorbia gedrosiaca. They were characterized by extensive 1D and 2D NMR and HRMS analyses. Additionally, their activities were evaluated against two breast cancer cell lines, MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7, by MTT proliferation assay. They exhibited cytotoxic effects in a dose-dependent manner with promising results, which can help to find possible therapeutic application of diterpenoids in breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Yazdiniapour
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran
| | | | - Newsha Motinia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran
| | - Behzad Zolfaghari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran
| | - Pegah Mehdifar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran
| | - Mustafa Ghanadian
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran
| | - Virginia Lanzotti
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università di Napoli Federico II, 80055 Portici, Napoli, Italy
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Zhan ZJ, Li S, Chu W, Yin S. Euphorbia diterpenoids: isolation, structure, bioactivity, biosynthesis, and synthesis (2013-2021). Nat Prod Rep 2022; 39:2132-2174. [PMID: 36111621 DOI: 10.1039/d2np00047d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 2013 to 2021As the characteristic metabolites of Euphorbia plants, Euphorbia diterpenoids have always been a hot topic in related science communities due to their intriguing structures and broad bioactivities. In this review, we intent to provide an in-depth and extensive coverage of Euphorbia diterpenoids reported from 2013 to the end of 2021, including 997 new Euphorbia diterpenoids and 78 known ones with latest progress. Multiple aspects will be summarized, including their occurrences, chemical structures, bioactivities, and syntheses, in which the structure-activity relationship and biosynthesis of this class will be discussed for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zha-Jun Zhan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shen Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China.
| | - Wang Chu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Yin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China.
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Xu Y, Tang P, Zhu M, Wang Y, Sun D, Li H, Chen L. Diterpenoids from the genus Euphorbia: Structure and biological activity (2013-2019). PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 190:112846. [PMID: 34229224 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Euphorbiaceae is one of the largest families of higher plants, including 7500 species, and many of them are used as medicines in China. From 2013 to 2019, a total of 455 previously undescribed diterpenoids were isolated from 53 species of Euphorbia, and some skeleton types were first discovered from the genus Euphorbia. Most of the diterpenoids isolated from Euphorbia spp. have been tested for their biological activity, and some of them were first reported for Euphorbia diterpenoids in recent years, such as neuroprotection, antimalarial activity and inhibition of osteoclast formation. In this review, we summarize all the isolated diterpenoids from the genus Euphorbia according to their skeleton types, classify all these diterpenoids into 26 normal classes and 37 novel skeleton types, and summarize their biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Peiyu Tang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Man Zhu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yali Wang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Dejuan Sun
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hua Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China; School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lixia Chen
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China.
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Kemboi D, Siwe-Noundou X, Krause RWM, Langat MK, Tembu VJ. Euphorbia Diterpenes: An Update of Isolation, Structure, Pharmacological Activities and Structure-Activity Relationship. Molecules 2021; 26:5055. [PMID: 34443641 PMCID: PMC8399488 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26165055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Euphorbia species have a rich history of ethnomedicinal use and ethnopharmacological applications in drug discovery. This is due to the presence of a wide range of diterpenes exhibiting great structural diversity and pharmacological activities. As a result, Euphorbia diterpenes have remained the focus of drug discovery investigations from natural products. The current review documents over 350 diterpenes, isolated from Euphorbia species, their structures, classification, biosynthetic pathways, and their structure-activity relationships for the period covering 2013-2020. Among the isolated diterpenes, over 20 skeletal structures were identified. Lathyrane, jatrophane, ingenane, ingenol, and ingol were identified as the major diterpenes in most Euphorbia species. Most of the isolated diterpenes were evaluated for their cytotoxicity activities, multidrug resistance abilities, and inhibitory activities in vitro, and reported good activities with significant half-inhibitory concentration (IC50) values ranging from 10-50 µM. The lathyranes, isopimaranes, and jatrophanes diterpenes were further found to show potent inhibition of P-glycoprotein, which is known to confer drug resistance abilities in cells leading to decreased cytotoxic effects. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies revealed the significance of a free hydroxyl group at position C-3 in enhancing the anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities and the negative effect it has in position C-2. Esterification of this functionality, in selected diterpenes, was found to enhance these activities. Thus, Euphorbia diterpenes offer a valuable source of lead compounds that could be investigated further as potential candidates for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Kemboi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa;
| | | | - Rui W. M. Krause
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa;
| | - Moses K. Langat
- Jodrell Laboratory, Department of Unlocking Properties, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond TW9 3DS, UK;
| | - Vuyelwa Jacqueline Tembu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
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Hermawan A, Putri H. Current report of natural product development against breast cancer stem cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 104:114-132. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Vasas A, Forgo P, Orvos P, Tálosi L, Csorba A, Pinke G, Hohmann J. Myrsinane, Premyrsinane, and Cyclomyrsinane Diterpenes from Euphorbia falcata as Potassium Ion Channel Inhibitors with Selective G Protein-Activated Inwardly Rectifying Ion Channel (GIRK) Blocking Effects. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2016; 79:1990-2004. [PMID: 27441737 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
GIRK channels are activated by a large number of G protein-coupled receptors and regulate the electrical activity of neurons, cardiac atrial myocytes, and β-pancreatic cells. Abnormalities in GIRK channel function have been implicated in the pathophysiology of neuropathic pain, drug addiction, and cardiac arrhythmias. In the heart, GIRK channels are selectively expressed in the atrium, and their activation inhibits pacemaker activity, thereby slowing the heart rate. In the present study, 19 new diterpenes, falcatins A-S (1-19), and the known euphorprolitherin D (20) were isolated from Euphorbia falcata. The compounds were assayed on stable transfected HEK-hERG (Kv11.1) and HEK-GIRK1/4 (Kir3.1 and Kir3.4) cells. Blocking activity on GIRK channels was exerted by 13 compounds (61-83% at 10 μM), and, among them, five possessed low potency on the hERG channel (4-20% at 10 μM). These selective activities suggest that myrsinane-related diterpenes are potential lead compounds for the treatment of atrial fibrillation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Péter Orvos
- Rytmion Ltd. , Ősz u. 27, H-6724 Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Szeged , Dóm tér 12, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | | | | | - Gyula Pinke
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Széchenyi István University , Vár 2, H-9200 Mosonmagyaróvár, Hungary
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Xu J, Kang J, Cao X, Sun X, Yu S, Zhang X, Sun H, Guo Y. Characterization of Diterpenes from Euphorbia prolifera and Their Antifungal Activities against Phytopathogenic Fungi. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:5902-5910. [PMID: 26063581 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b02021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Euphorbia prolifera is a poisonous plant belonging to the Euphorbiaceae family. In this survey on plant secondary metabolites to obtain bioactive substances for the development of new antifungal agents for agriculture, the chemical constituents of the plant E. prolifera were investigated. This procedure led to the isolation of six new and two known diterpenes. Their structures, including absolute configurations, were elucidated on the basis of extensive NMR spectroscopic data analyses and time-dependent density functional theory ECD calculations. Biological screenings revealed that these diterpenes possessed antifungal activities against three phytopathogenic fungi. The results of the phytochemical investigation further revealed the chemical components of the poisonous plant E. prolifera, and biological screenings implied the extract or bioactive diterpenes from this plant may be regarded as candidate agents of antifungal agrochemicals for crop protection products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- †State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
- ‡Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Kang
- §College of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangrong Cao
- †State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
- ‡Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaocong Sun
- †State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
- ‡Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Shujing Yu
- ⊥Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- ⊥Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Sun
- #Computational Centre for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanqiang Guo
- †State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
- ‡Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
- §College of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, People's Republic of China
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Vasas A, Hohmann J. Euphorbia Diterpenes: Isolation, Structure, Biological Activity, and Synthesis (2008–2012). Chem Rev 2014; 114:8579-612. [DOI: 10.1021/cr400541j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 310] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Vasas
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Judit Hohmann
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
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