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Liu B, Geng Q, Cao Z, Li L, Lu P, Lin L, Yan L, Lu C. Nauclea officinalis: A Chinese medicinal herb with phytochemical, biological, and pharmacological effects. Chin Med 2022; 17:141. [PMID: 36539909 PMCID: PMC9764569 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-022-00691-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nauclea officinalis (N. officinalis), a medicinal plant of the genus Nauclea in the family Rubiaceae, is used in the treatment of fever, pneumonia, pharyngolaryngitis, and enteritis in China. Extracts of N. officinalis include alkaloids, phenolic acids, pentacyclic triterpenoids, and flavonoids, which exert all kinds of pharmacological effects, for instance anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, antibacterial, and antiviral and therefore show good effectiveness. To gain a comprehensive and deep understanding, the medicinal chemistry and chemical biology of N. officinalis are summarized in this review to provide a theoretical basis. The pharmacological effects were reviewed to provide evidence or insights into potential opportunities for further studies and medicinal exploitation of N. officinalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- grid.410318.f0000 0004 0632 3409Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100700 China
| | - Qi Geng
- grid.410318.f0000 0004 0632 3409Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100700 China
| | - Zhiwen Cao
- grid.410318.f0000 0004 0632 3409Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100700 China
| | - Li Li
- grid.410318.f0000 0004 0632 3409Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100700 China
| | - Peipei Lu
- grid.410318.f0000 0004 0632 3409Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100700 China
| | - Lin Lin
- grid.410318.f0000 0004 0632 3409Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100700 China
| | - Lan Yan
- grid.410318.f0000 0004 0632 3409Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100700 China
| | - Cheng Lu
- grid.410318.f0000 0004 0632 3409Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100700 China
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Kaneda T, Ifadotunnikmah F, Nugroho AE, Koshikawa S, Tadahiro S, Hirasawa Y, Morita H. Calofolic Acid-A from Calophyllum scriblitifolium Bark Has Vasorelaxant Activity via Indirect PKA Activation Caused by PI-3 Kinase Inhibition in Rat Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2022; 85:2192-2198. [PMID: 35983865 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c00502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we isolated 2R,3S,15R-calofolic acids (CAs) from Calophyllum scriblitifolium bark, which showed vasorelaxant activity on phenylephrine (PE)-precontracted rat aortic rings. Although the effect was suggested to be induced via an extracellular Ca2+-independent manner and mainly acts on vascular smooth muscle, the exact mechanism of action of CAs remained unclear. Thus, this study investigated the detailed mechanism of calofolic acid-A (CA-A) induced vasorelaxation in an aortic ring specimen using rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). The levels of PE-induced phosphorylation on MLC Ser19 decreased in VSMCs pretreated with CA-A. CA-A also decreased the phosphorylation of MYPT1 Thr696 and MYPT1 Thr853. On the other hand, CA-A increased the PE-induced phosphorylation of MYPT1 Ser695 and MYPT1 Ser668, which are reported to be phosphorylated by a cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA). CA-A slightly increased PKA substrate phosphorylation in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, CA-A enhanced isoproterenol (ISO)-induced cAMP accumulation and PKA substrate phosphorylation. Treatment with PI-3 kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, LY294002, enhanced ISO-induced cAMP accumulation and PKA substrate phosphorylation in the same manner as CA-A treatment. Furthermore, CA-A was found to directly inhibit PI3K enzyme activity in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, the present study indicated that CA-A induces vasorelaxation through an indirectly activated PKA-MYPT1 pathway caused by inhibition of PI3K activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Kaneda
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Ebara 2-4-41, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Farida Ifadotunnikmah
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Ebara 2-4-41, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Alfarius Eko Nugroho
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Ebara 2-4-41, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Sae Koshikawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Ebara 2-4-41, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Sasaki Tadahiro
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Ebara 2-4-41, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Yusuke Hirasawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Ebara 2-4-41, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Morita
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Ebara 2-4-41, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
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Abstract
Two new bisindole alkaloids, bisnaecarpamines A (1) and B (2), possessing a vobasine-sarpagine type skeleton were isolated from the bark of Tabernaemontana macrocarpa Jack. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods and chemical correlation. The absolute configurations of compounds 1 and 2 were established using TDDFT-ECD calculation of the selected isomers. Bisnaecarpamine A exhibited potent antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 strain with IC50 value of 28.8 µM.
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Secondary Metabolites of Plants as Modulators of Endothelium Functions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052533. [PMID: 33802468 PMCID: PMC7959468 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization, cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death worldwide. They may be caused by various factors or combinations of factors. Frequently, endothelial dysfunction is involved in either development of the disorder or results from it. On the other hand, the endothelium may be disordered for other reasons, e.g., due to infection, such as COVID-19. The understanding of the role and significance of the endothelium in the body has changed significantly over time—from a simple physical barrier to a complex system encompassing local and systemic regulation of numerous processes in the body. Endothelium disorders may arise from impairment of one or more signaling pathways affecting dilator or constrictor activity, including nitric oxide–cyclic guanosine monophosphate activation, prostacyclin–cyclic adenosine monophosphate activation, phosphodiesterase inhibition, and potassium channel activation or intracellular calcium level inhibition. In this review, plants are summarized as sources of biologically active substances affecting the endothelium. This paper compares individual substances and mechanisms that are known to affect the endothelium, and which subsequently may cause the development of cardiovascular disorders.
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Djemam N, Lassed S, Gül F, Altun M, Monteiro M, Menezes-Pinto D, Benayache S, Benayache F, Zama D, Demirtas I, Morato M. Characterization of ethyl acetate and n-butanol extracts of Cymbopogon schoenanthus and Helianthemum lippii and their effect on the smooth muscle of the rat distal colon. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 252:112613. [PMID: 31981748 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY RELEVANCE Cymbopogon schoenanthus (C. schoenanthus) and Helianthemum lippii (H. lippii) are Saharan species found in the South West of Algeria, in the region of Bechar. Both plants are used in traditional medicine to treat gastrointestinal disorders. OBJECTIVE The aim of our study was to characterize the composition of the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and n-Butanol (n-BuOH) extracts of C. schoenanthus and H. lippii, and to elucidate and compare their effect on the reactivity of the rat distal colon. MAIN METHODS The plants were macerated in a hydroalcoholic solution. After concentration, the aqueous solutions of the residues were submitted to liquid-liquid extractions to obtain EtOAc and n-BuOH extracts. The phenolic and flavonoid content of the extracts was determined by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry with a time of flight analyzer (HPLC-TOF/MS). The effect of the extracts was tested on the rat distal colon, namely on the basal tone and on KCl- and Ach-induced precontracted preparations. RESULTS HPLC-TOF/MS identified 32 phenols and flavonoids in the extracts. The four extracts relaxed the rat distal colon, the effect being noticed on the basal tone and on the KCl- and Ach-induced precontractions. The EtOAc and the n-BuOH extracts of H. lippii decreased the basal tone of the rat distal colon more markedly than the correspondent extracts of C. schoenanthus. Moreover, the n-BuOH extract of C. schoenanthus decreased the basal tone more markedly than the EtOAc extract of this plant but there was no difference between extracts of H. lippii. The EtOAc extracts of both C. schoenanthus and H. lippii totally reverted both the KCl- and the Ach-induced precontraction of the rat distal colon. However, the n-BuOH extracts of the two plants reverted the Ach-precontracted colon but not the colon that has been precontracted with KCl. CONCLUSION Extracts of H. lippii contain a higher level of phenols compared to the extracts of C. schoenanthus. All extracts of C. schoenanthus and H. lippii caused marked relaxation of the isolated rat distal colon, either when applied directly or when tested over KCl- and Ach-induced precontraction. These results give support to the use of C. shoenanthus and H. lippii in traditional medicine, namely for gastrointestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihed Djemam
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, and LAQV@REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Portugal; Unité de Recherche: Valorisation des Ressources Naturelles, Molécules Bioactives et Analyses Physicochimiques et Biologiques, Département de Chimie, Université des Frères Mentouri Constantine 1, 25000, Constantine, Algeria.
| | - Somia Lassed
- Unité de Recherche: Valorisation des Ressources Naturelles, Molécules Bioactives et Analyses Physicochimiques et Biologiques, Département de Chimie, Université des Frères Mentouri Constantine 1, 25000, Constantine, Algeria; Laboratoire de Physiologie Animale, Département de Physiologie Animale, Université des Frères Mentouri Constantine 1, 25000, Constantine, Algeria.
| | - Fatih Gül
- Plant Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Çankırı Karatekin University, Uluyazı Campus, Çankırı, Turkey.
| | - Muhammed Altun
- Plant Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Çankırı Karatekin University, Uluyazı Campus, Çankırı, Turkey.
| | - Marisa Monteiro
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, and LAQV@REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Portugal.
| | - Daniela Menezes-Pinto
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, and LAQV@REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Portugal.
| | - Samir Benayache
- Unité de Recherche: Valorisation des Ressources Naturelles, Molécules Bioactives et Analyses Physicochimiques et Biologiques, Département de Chimie, Université des Frères Mentouri Constantine 1, 25000, Constantine, Algeria.
| | - Fadila Benayache
- Unité de Recherche: Valorisation des Ressources Naturelles, Molécules Bioactives et Analyses Physicochimiques et Biologiques, Département de Chimie, Université des Frères Mentouri Constantine 1, 25000, Constantine, Algeria.
| | - Djamila Zama
- Unité de Recherche: Valorisation des Ressources Naturelles, Molécules Bioactives et Analyses Physicochimiques et Biologiques, Département de Chimie, Université des Frères Mentouri Constantine 1, 25000, Constantine, Algeria.
| | - Ibrahim Demirtas
- Plant Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Çankırı Karatekin University, Uluyazı Campus, Çankırı, Turkey.
| | - Manuela Morato
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, and LAQV@REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Portugal.
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Romero F, Palacios J, Jofré I, Paz C, Nwokocha CR, Paredes A, Cifuentes F. Aristoteline, an Indole-Alkaloid, Induces Relaxation by Activating Potassium Channels and Blocking Calcium Channels in Isolated Rat Aorta. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24152748. [PMID: 31362388 PMCID: PMC6695676 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24152748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkaloids derived from plants have shown great medicinal benefits, and are often reported for their use in cardiovascular disease management. Aristotelia chilensis (Molina) Stuntz (Maqui) has shown important medicinal properties in traditional useage. In this study, we evaluated the effect of the indole-alkaloid aristoteline (ARI), isolated from leaves of Maqui, on vascular reactivity of isolated aortic rings from normotensive rats. ARI induced relaxation (100%) in a concentration-dependent manner in intact or denuded-endothelium aortic rings pre-contracted with phenylephrine (PE; 1 μM). However, a specific soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitor (ODQ; 1 μM) significantly reduced the relaxation to ARI in aortic rings pre-contracted with PE. In the presence of ARI, the contraction induced by KCl or PE was significantly (p < 0.05) decreased. Interestingly, the potassium channel blockade with 10 μM BaCl2 (Kir), 10 μM glibenclamide (KATP), 1 mM tetraethylammonium (TEA; KCa1.1), or 1 mM 4-aminopyridine (4-AP; Kv) significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the ARI-induced relaxation. ARI significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the contractile response to agonist of CaV1.2 channels (Bay K8644; 10 nM), likely reducing the influx of extracellular calcium through plasma membrane. The mechanisms associated with this process suggest an activation of the potassium channels, a calcium-induced antagonism and endothelium independent vasodilation that possibly involves the nitric oxide-independent soluble guanylate cyclase pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Romero
- Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado, Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile.
| | - Javier Palacios
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Aplicada, Departamento de Química y Farmacia, Facultad Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique 1110939, Chile.
| | - Ignacio Jofré
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias y Biología de Péptidos, Centro de Excelencia en Biotecnología de La Reproducción, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Cristian Paz
- Laboratorio de Productos Naturales y Descubrimiento de Fármacos, Departamento de Ciencias básicas, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Chukwuemeka R Nwokocha
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences Physiology Section, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, KGN, Jamaica (W.I.)
| | - Adrián Paredes
- Laboratorio de Química Biológica, Instituto Antofagasta, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta 1270300, Chile
| | - Fredi Cifuentes
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Experimental, Instituto Antofagasta, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta 1270300, Chile
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Wong CP, Seki A, Horiguchi K, Shoji T, Arai T, Nugroho AE, Hirasawa Y, Sato F, Kaneda T, Morita H. Bisleuconothine A Induces Autophagosome Formation by Interfering with AKT-mTOR Signaling Pathway. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2015; 78:1656-1662. [PMID: 26176165 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We have previously reported that bisleuconothine A (Bis-A), a novel bisindole alkaloid isolated from Leuconotis griffithii, showed cytostatic activity in several cell lines. In this report, the mechanism of Bis-A-induced cytostatic activity was investigated in detail using A549 cells. Bis-A did not cause apoptosis, as indicated by analysis of annexin V and propidium iodide staining. Expression of all tested apoptosis-related proteins was also unaffected by Bis-A treatment. Bis-A was found to increase LC3 lipidation in MCF7 cells as well as A549 cells, suggesting that Bis-A cytostatic activity may be due to induction of autophagy. Subsequent investigation via Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining indicated that Bis-A induced formation but prevented degradation of autophagosomes. Mechanistic studies showed that Bis-A down-regulated phosphorylation of protein kinase B (AKT) and its downstream kinase, PRAS40, which is an mTOR repressor. Moreover, phosphorylation of p70S6K, an mTOR-dependent kinase, was also down-regulated. Down-regulation of these kinases suggests that the increase in LC3 lipidation may be due to mTOR deactivation. Thus, the cytostatic activity shown by Bis-A may be attributed to its induction of autophagosome formation. The Bis-A-induced autophagosome formation was suggested to be caused by its interference with the AKT-mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin Piow Wong
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Ebara 2-4-41 Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Ari Seki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Ebara 2-4-41 Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Kaori Horiguchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Ebara 2-4-41 Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Shoji
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Ebara 2-4-41 Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Takashi Arai
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Ebara 2-4-41 Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Alfarius Eko Nugroho
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Ebara 2-4-41 Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Yusuke Hirasawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Ebara 2-4-41 Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Sato
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Ebara 2-4-41 Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Toshio Kaneda
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Ebara 2-4-41 Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Morita
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Ebara 2-4-41 Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
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Vasodilator compounds derived from plants and their mechanisms of action. Molecules 2013; 18:5814-57. [PMID: 23685938 PMCID: PMC6270466 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18055814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The present paper reviews vasodilator compounds isolated from plants that were reported in the past 22 years (1990 to 2012) and the different mechanisms of action involved in their vasodilator effects. The search for reports was conducted in a comprehensive manner, intending to encompass those metabolites with a vasodilator effect whose mechanism of action involved both vascular endothelium and arterial smooth muscle. The results obtained from our bibliographic search showed that over half of the isolated compounds have a mechanism of action involving the endothelium. Most of these bioactive metabolites cause vasodilation either by activating the nitric oxide/cGMP pathway or by blocking voltage-dependent calcium channels. Moreover, it was found that many compounds induced vasodilation by more than one mechanism. This review confirms that secondary metabolites, which include a significant group of compounds with extensive chemical diversity, are a valuable source of new pharmaceuticals useful for the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular diseases.
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