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Wang L, Chen S, Gao X, Liang X, Lv W, Zhang D, Jin X. Recent progress in chemistry and bioactivity of monoterpenoid indole alkaloids from the genus gelsemium: a comprehensive review. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2023; 38:2155639. [PMID: 36629436 PMCID: PMC9848241 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2155639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MIAs) represent a major class of active ingredients from the plants of the genus Gelsemium. Gelsemium MIAs with diverse chemical structures can be divided into six categories: gelsedine-, gelsemine-, humantenine-, koumine-, sarpagine- and yohimbane-type. Additionally, gelsemium MIAs exert a wide range of bioactivities, including anti-tumour, immunosuppression, anti-anxiety, analgesia, and so on. Owing to their fascinating structures and potent pharmaceutical properties, these gelsemium MIAs arouse significant organic chemists' interest to design state-of-the-art synthetic strategies for their total synthesis. In this review, we comprehensively summarised recently reported novel gelsemium MIAs, potential pharmacological activities of some active molecules, and total synthetic strategies covering the period from 2013 to 2022. It is expected that this study may open the window to timely illuminate and guide further study and development of gelsemium MIAs and their derivatives in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- China Medical University-Queen’s University of Belfast Joint College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xun Gao
- Jiangsu Institute Marine Resources Development, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China
| | - Weichen Lv
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Dongfang Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China,CONTACT Dongfang Zhang
| | - Xin Jin
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China,Xin Jin School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
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2
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Zhang Q, Jiang Q, Sa K, Liang J, Sun D, Li H, Chen L. Research progress of plant-derived natural alkaloids in central nervous system diseases. Phytother Res 2023; 37:4885-4907. [PMID: 37455555 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) disease is one of the most important causes of human death. Because of their complex pathogenesis, more and more attention has been paid to them. At present, drug treatment of the CNS is the main means; however, most drugs only relieve symptoms, and some have certain toxicity and side effects. Natural compounds derived from plants can provide safer and more effective alternatives. Alkaloids are common nitrogenous basic organic compounds found in nature, which exist widely in many kinds of plants and have unique application value in modern medicine. For example, Galantamine and Huperzine A from medicinal plants are widely used drugs on the market to treat Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, the main purpose of this review is to provide the available information on natural alkaloids with the activity of treating central nervous system diseases in order to explore the trends and perspectives for the further study of central nervous system drugs. In this paper, 120 alkaloids with the potential effect of treating central nervous system diseases are summarized from the aspects of sources, structure types, mechanism of action and structure-activity relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Zhang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qinghua Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Kuiru Sa
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Junming Liang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dejuan Sun
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hua Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lixia Chen
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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3
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Wang D, Leng X, Tian Y, Liu J, Zou J, Xie S. Toxic Effects of Koumine on the Early-Life Development Stage of Zebrafish. TOXICS 2023; 11:853. [PMID: 37888703 PMCID: PMC10611223 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11100853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Koumine is one of the most abundant alkaloids found in Gelsemium elegans, and it has a wide range of pharmacological effects including antitumor, anti-inflammatory, analgesic treatment effects, and antianxiety. However, its high toxicity and unclear mechanism of action have greatly limited the medicinal development and use of koumine. We investigated the toxic effects of koumine on the developmental toxicity and behavioral neurotoxicity of zebrafish embryos and larvae. Embryos at 6 h postfertilization (hpf) were exposed to 12.5, 25, 50, 75, and 100 mg/L of koumine until 120 hpf. Koumine affected the hatching and heartbeats of the embryos. The morphological analysis also revealed many abnormalities, such as shortened bodies, yolk sac edemas, tail malformations, and pericardial edemas. To identify the neurotoxicity of koumine, the behavior of the larvae was measured. Koumine at 50 and 100 mg/L affect the escape response. The embryos exhibited uncoordinated muscle contractions along the body axis in response to touch at 36 hpf. More importantly, we found that the neurotoxicity of koumine is mainly caused by influencing the ACh content and the activity of AChE without impairing motor neuron development. A comprehensive analysis shows that a high concentration of koumine has obvious toxic effects on zebrafish, and the safe concentration of koumine for zebrafish should be less than 25 mg/L. These results will be valuable for better understanding the toxicity of koumine and provide new insights into the application of koumine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjie Wang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
| | - Xinyi Leng
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430000, China; (X.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Yao Tian
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Science, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Jiangdong Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430000, China; (X.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Jixing Zou
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
| | - Shaolin Xie
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
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Yuan Z, Yang M, Liang Z, Yang C, Kong X, Wu Y, Wang S, Fan H, Ning C, Xiao W, Sun Z, Wu J. PI3K/AKT/mTOR, NF-κB and ERS pathway participated in the attenuation of H 2O 2-induced IPEC-J2 cell injury by koumine. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 304:116028. [PMID: 36529250 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.116028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Koumine, an indole alkaloid extracted from Gelsemium elegans Benth, exerts anti-inflammation and antioxidant activities. However, the effects of koumine on intestinal injury induced by H2O2 and its potential molecular mechanisms need larger studies. AIM OF THE STUDY We established an IPEC-J2 cell damage model induced by H2O2 to explore the protective mechanism of koumine on intestinal injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the experiment, cell damage models were made with hydrogen peroxide. To assess the protective effect of koumine on H2O2-induced IPEC-J2 cell injury, CCK-8, the release of LDH and ROS, transmission electron microscopy and Annexin V-FITC/PI were employed. Western Blot and Quantitative Real-time PCR were used to determine the potential alleviated mechanism of koumine on H2O2-trigged IPEC-J2 cell damage. RESULTS The results of CCK-8 and LDH implied that koumine has a mitigative effect on H2O2-induced cell damage via upregulating cell viability and suppressing cell membrane fragmentation. Simultaneously, koumine notably inhibited the level of pro-inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α and TGF-β), the over-production of ROS along with decreasing the injury of mitochondrion, endoplasmic reticulum and lysosome induced by H2O2. Moreover, koumine dramatically attenuated H2O2-triggered IPEC-J2 cell apoptosis and autophagy. Subsequently, Western blot analysis identified NF-ΚB, PI3K and ERS as possible pathway responsible for the protective effect of koumine on H2O2-stimulated IPEC-J2 cell inflammation. CONCLUSIONS This in vitro experimental study suggests that koumine suppresses the H2O2-induced activation of inflammatory pathways, oxidative injury, ER stress, apoptosis and autophagy, which provide a rationale for therapeutically use in major intestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihang Yuan
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, PR China; Hunan Co-innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, 410128, PR China
| | - Mengran Yang
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, PR China; Hunan Co-innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, 410128, PR China
| | - Zengenni Liang
- Department of Hunan Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410128, PR China
| | - Chenglin Yang
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, PR China; Hunan Co-innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, 410128, PR China
| | - Xiangyi Kong
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, PR China; Hunan Co-innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, 410128, PR China
| | - You Wu
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, PR China; Hunan Co-innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, 410128, PR China
| | - Siqi Wang
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, PR China; Hunan Co-innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, 410128, PR China
| | - Hui Fan
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, PR China; Hunan Co-innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, 410128, PR China
| | - Can Ning
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, PR China; Hunan Co-innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, 410128, PR China
| | - Wenguang Xiao
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, PR China; Hunan Co-innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, 410128, PR China
| | - Zhiliang Sun
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, PR China; Hunan Co-innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, 410128, PR China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Drug, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, PR China; National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, PR China.
| | - Jing Wu
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, PR China; Hunan Co-innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, 410128, PR China.
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Koumine ameliorates concanavalin A-induced autoimmune hepatitis in mice: involvement of the Nrf2, NF-κB pathways, and gut microbiota. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 114:109573. [PMID: 36527886 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Gelsemiumelegans(Gardner. & Chapm.) Benth. has long been considered a traditional Chinese medicine effective against rheumatoid pain, cancer, cirrhosis, and skin diseases. Koumine (KM), the most abundant alkaloid in G.elegans Benth., demonstrates a variety of biological effects, including antitumor, analgesic, anxiolytic, anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, antioxidant, immunoregulatory, and hepatoprotective effects. Furthermore, the relatively low toxicity of KM makes it a promising drug candidate. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of KM and its possible mechanisms using a concanavalin A (Con A)-induced autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) model in mice. Mice were orally administered different doses of KM for 14 d before Con A tail vein injections. The effects of KM on serum biochemical markers and liver histopathology were then evaluated 12 h after Con A exposure. The Nrf2 and NF-κB signaling pathways and alterations in gut microbiota were determined using western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and 16S rRNA sequencing to explore the underlying mechanisms of KM exposure. KM pretreatment dose-dependently decreased serum liver injury markers (Alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase) and cytokine levels (Tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6), as well as the liver pathological damage triggered by Con A. Furthermore, the results of the multi-technique analysis indicated that KM activated the Nrf2 pathway, upregulated the expression of anti-oxidation factors HO-1 and Nrf2, and downregulated the expression of Keap1. Moreover, the NF-κB signaling pathway was inhibited. Interestingly, pre-treatment with KM also significantly improved the composition of the gut microbiota probably because it increases the richness of probiotics. Our findings suggest that KM pretreatment could attenuate Con A-induced AIH, the Nrf2 and NF-κB signaling pathways, and that gut microbiota are involved in the process of the hepatoprotective effect. This study provides a theoretical basis for the development of KM as an effective agent against AIH.
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Lu JS, Yang L, Chen J, Xiong FF, Cai P, Wang XY, Xiong BJ, Chen ZH, Chen L, Yang J, Yu CX. Basolateral amygdala astrocytes modulate diabetic neuropathic pain and may be a potential therapeutic target for koumine. Br J Pharmacol 2022; 180:1408-1428. [PMID: 36519959 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE New remedies are required for the treatment of diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) due to insufficient efficacy of available therapies. Here, we used chemogenetic approaches combined with in vivo pharmacology to elucidate the role of basolateral amygdala (BLA) astrocytes in DNP pathogenesis and provide new insights into therapeutic strategies for DNP. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH A streptozotocin-induced DNP model was established. Designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) were used to regulate astrocyte activity. Mechanical hyperalgesia was assessed using the electronic von Frey test. Anxiety-like behaviours were detected using open field and elevated plus maze tests. Astrocytic activity was detected by immunofluorescence, and cytokine content was determined by ELISA. KEY RESULTS BLA astrocytes were regulated by DREADDs, and inhibition of BLA astrocytes attenuated mechanical allodynia and pain-related negative emotions in DNP rats. In contrast, temporary activation of BLA astrocytes induced allodynia without anxious behaviours in naive rats. In addition, koumine (KM) alleviated mechanical allodynia and anxiety-like behaviours in DNP rats, inhibited the activation of BLA astrocytes and suppressed the inflammatory response. Furthermore, persistent activation of BLA astrocytes through chemogenetics mimicked chronic pain, and KM alleviated the pain hypersensitivity and anxiety-like behaviours. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS DREADDs bidirectionally regulate the activity of BLA astrocytes, which proves for the first time the role of BLA astrocyte activation in the pathogenesis of DNP and represents a novel therapeutic strategy for DNP. KM ameliorates DNP, perhaps by inhibiting the activation of BLA astrocytes and reveal KM as a potential candidate for treating DNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Shan Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Center for Safety Evaluation of New Drug, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lan Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Fang-Fang Xiong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ping Cai
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xin-Yao Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Bo-Jun Xiong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ze-Hong Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chang-Xi Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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7
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Su Y, Shi D, Xiong B, Xu Y, Hu Q, Huang H, Yang J, Yu C. Solid-State Forms of Koumine Hydrochloride: Phase Transformations and the Crystal Structure and Properties of the Stable Form. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:29692-29701. [PMID: 36061709 PMCID: PMC9434794 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the solid-state forms of koumine hydrochloride (KMY), solid form screening was performed, and one amorphous form and five crystalline forms (forms A, B, C, D, and E) were identified by powder X-ray diffraction. Form A was the dominant crystal product, and its crystal structure and packing pattern were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystals displayed an orthorhombic crystal system and symmetry of space group P212121 with Z' = 1. The amorphous form transformed to form A at 105-120 °C or 75% RH, while forms B, C, D, and E could only be intermediate phases and readily transformed to form A at room temperature. Therefore, the phase transformations of KMY solid-state forms were established. The properties of the amorphous form and form A were further elucidated by applying vibrational spectroscopy, moisture sorption analysis, and thermal analysis. Accordingly, form A, the KMY anhydrate, was found to be the thermodynamically stable form with low hygroscopicity under ambient conditions. These characteristics are crucial in the manufacture and storage of active pharmaceutical ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Su
- School
of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
- Fujian
Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional
Research, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical
University, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian, People’s Republic of
China
| | - Dongmei Shi
- School
of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bojun Xiong
- School
of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Xu
- School
of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Hu
- School
of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
- Fujian
Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional
Research, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical
University, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian, People’s Republic of
China
| | - Huihui Huang
- School
of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
- Fujian
Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional
Research, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical
University, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian, People’s Republic of
China
| | - Jian Yang
- School
of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Changxi Yu
- School
of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
- Fujian
Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional
Research, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical
University, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian, People’s Republic of
China
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Xiong B, Zhong Z, Chen C, Huang H, Lin J, Xu Y, Yang J, Yu C. The anxiolytic effect of koumine on a predatory sound stress-induced anxiety model and its associated molecular mechanisms. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 103:154225. [PMID: 35689899 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Koumine is the most abundant alkaloid extracted from Gelsemium elegans Benth.. Preliminary studies by our research group have shown that koumine has significant anxiolytic effect, but this needs to be further confirmed. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE To investigate the potential anxiolytic effect of koumine on predatory sound (PS) stress-induced anxiety models and preliminarily explore its therapeutic targets and molecular mechanisms. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS The anxiolytic effect of koumine in an animal model of acute PS stress-induced anxiety were determined. Then, neurosteroids levels in the main brain regions involved in anxiety disorders, as well as plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone (CORT) levels, were determinated. Finally, to clarify the effect of koumine on translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO), the affinity between koumine and TSPO was evaluated by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology. RESULTS Koumine treatment mitigated anxiety-like behavior following acute PS stress in the open field test and elevated plus maze test. PS exposure significantly decreased progesterone and allopregnanolone levels in the PFC, Hip, and Amy and increased ACTH and CORT levels in plasma, and koumine administration significantly reversed these effects. Finally, the reliable SPR results showed that the KD of koumine with TSPO was 155.33 ± 11.0 μM, indicating that koumine is a human TSPO high-affinity ligand that has an affinity comparable to typical TSPO ligands. CONCLUSION Our results show that koumine has obvious anxiolytic effect in the PS-induced anxiety model. Targeting TSPO-neurosteroids-HPA axis may be an important mechanism by which koumine exerts its anxiolytic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojun Xiong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Zhifeng Zhong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Department of High Altitude Operational Medicine, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Chaojie Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Resource Recycling, Wuzhou University, Wuzhou 543002, China; Fujian Center for Safety Evaluation of New Drug, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Huihui Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Jinxiang Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.
| | - Changxi Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.
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9
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Jin GL, Hong LM, Liu HP, Yue RC, Shen ZC, Yang J, Xu Y, Huang HH, Li Y, Xiong BJ, Su YP, Yu CX. Koumine modulates spinal microglial M1 polarization and the inflammatory response through the Notch-RBP-Jκ signaling pathway, ameliorating diabetic neuropathic pain in rats. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 90:153640. [PMID: 34330066 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP), a complication of diabetes, has serious impacts on human health. As the pathogenesis of DNP is very complex, clinical treatments for DNP is limited. Koumine (KM) is an active ingredient extracted from Gelsemium elegans Benth. that exerts an inhibitory effect on neuropathic pain (NP) in several animal models. PURPOSE To clarify the anti-NP effect of KM on rats with DNP and the molecular mechanisms involving the Notch- Jκ recombination signal binding protein (RBP-Jκ) signaling pathway. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were administered streptozocin (STZ) by intraperitoneal injection to induce DNP. The effect of KM on mechanical hyperalgesia in rats with DNP was evaluated using the Von Frey test. Microglial polarization in the spinal cord was examined using western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR. The Notch-RBP-Jκ signaling pathway was analysed using western blotting. RESULTS KM attenuated DNP during the observation period. In addition, KM alleviated M1 microglial polarization in STZ-induced rats. Subsequent experiments revealed that Notch-RBP-Jκ signaling pathway was activated in the spinal cord of rats with DNP, and the activation of this pathways was decreased by KM. Additionally, KM-mediated analgesia and deactivation of the Notch-RBP-Jκ signaling pathway were inhibited by the Notch signaling agonist jagged 1, indicating that the anti-DNP effect of KM may be regulated by the Notch-RBP-Jκ signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS KM is a potentially desirable candidate treatment for DNP that may inhibit microglial M1 polarization through the Notch-RBP-Jκ signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Lin Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China.
| | - Li-Mian Hong
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China; Department of Pharmacy, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Ping Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Rong-Cai Yue
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Zu-Cheng Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Hui Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Bo-Jun Xiong
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Ping Su
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Chang-Xi Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China.
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10
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Zhang HH, Yang WJ, Huang YJ, Li WJ, Zhang SX, Liu ZY. The metabolism of gelsevirine in human, pig, goat and rat liver microsomes. Vet Med Sci 2021; 7:2086-2092. [PMID: 33955684 PMCID: PMC8464259 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Gelsemium is a small genus of flowering plants from the family Loganiaceae comprising five species, three of which, Gelsemium sempervirens (L.) J. St.‐Hil., G. elegans Benth and G. rankinii Small, are particularly popular. Compared with other alkaloids from G. elegans, gelsemine, gelsevirine and koumine exhibit equally potent anxiolytic effects and low toxicity. Although the pharmacological activities and metabolism of koumine and gelsemine have been reported in previous studies, the species differences of gelsevirine metabolism have not been well studied. In this study, the metabolism of gelsevirine was investigated by using liver microsomes of humans, pigs, goats and rats by means of HPLC‐QqTOF/MS. The results indicated that the metabolism of gelsevirine in liver microsomes had qualitative and quantitative species differences. Based on the results, the possible metabolic pathways of gelsevirine in liver microsomes were proposed. Investigation of the metabolism of gelsevirine will provide a basis for further studies of the in vivo metabolism of this drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Hai Zhang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Qinling National Forest Ecosystem Research Station, Huoditang, China
| | - Wen-Jia Yang
- Yangling Demonstration Zone Hospital, Yangling, China
| | - Ya-Jun Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Prima Drug Research Center Co., Ltd., Changsha, China
| | - Wen-Jing Li
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Shuo-Xin Zhang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Qinling National Forest Ecosystem Research Station, Huoditang, China
| | - Zhao-Ying Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Veterinary Drugs, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
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11
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Zuo MT, Wu Y, Wang ZY, Wang N, Huang SJ, Yu H, Zhao XJ, Huang CY, Liu ZY. A comprehensive toxicity evaluation in rats after long-term oral Gelsemium elegans exposure. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 137:111284. [PMID: 33561641 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gelsemium elegans (G. elegans) is a flowering plant of the Loganiaceae family, which had been used in traditional Chinese herb medicine for many years for the treatment of rheumatoid pain, neuropathic pain, spasticity, skin ulcers, anxiety and cancer. Acute toxicity of the plant severely limits the application and development of G. elegans; however, long-term toxicity of exposure to G. elegans has not been illuminated. PURPOSE This study is a comprehensive observation of the effects of long-term exposure (21 days at 70 mg/kg) to G. elegans in rats. METHODS AND RESULTS The histopathological examination showed only a mild glial cell proliferation in the brain, and no lesions were observed in other organs. No abnormal changes in the biochemical parameters were observed that would have significant effects. The identification and analysis of absorbed natural ingredients showed that the active ingredients of the G. elegans could distribute to various tissues, and six compounds were identified in the brain, suggesting that they could cross the blood-brain barrier. Based on the intestinal content metabolomics, the tryptophan (Trp) biosynthesis, bile acid synthesis and bile secretion pathways have attracted our attention. Plasma metabolomic results showed that uric acid (UA) was significantly increased. The results of the brain metabolomic tests showed that the level of pyridoxal (PL) was decreased; considering the expression levels of the related enzymes, it was hypothesized that the level of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) was decreased. PLP was important for the regulation of the neuronal γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)/glutamate (Glu) interconversion and therefore neuronal excitability. The data of the study suggested that toxic reaction caused by G. elegans was due to a disruption of the balance of the neurotransmitter GABA/Glu transformation. CONCLUSIONS Overall, G. elegans did not cause significant toxic reaction in the rats after long-term exposure. The results were significant for the future clinical applications of G. elegans and suggested that G. elegans could be potentially developed as a drug. The study provided a scientific basis for investigation of the mechanisms of toxicity and detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Ting Zuo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Yong Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, China; Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Veterinary Drugs, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Zi-Yuan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, China; Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Veterinary Drugs, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Na Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, China; Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Veterinary Drugs, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Si-Juan Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, China; Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Veterinary Drugs, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Hui Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, China; Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Veterinary Drugs, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Xue-Jiao Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, China; Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Veterinary Drugs, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Chong-Yin Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, China; Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Veterinary Drugs, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Zhao-Ying Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, China; Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Veterinary Drugs, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, China.
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12
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Luo Y, Xiong B, Liu H, Chen Z, Huang H, Yu C, Yang J. Koumine Suppresses IL-1β Secretion and Attenuates Inflammation Associated With Blocking ROS/NF-κB/NLRP3 Axis in Macrophages. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:622074. [PMID: 33542692 PMCID: PMC7851739 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.622074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Koumine (KM), one of the primary constituents of Gelsemium elegans, has been used for the treatment of inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, but whether KM impacts the activation of the NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome remains unknown. This study aimed to explore the inhibitory effect of KM on NLRP3 inflammasome activation and the underlying mechanisms both in vitro using macrophages stimulated with LPS plus ATP, nigericin or monosodium urate (MSU) crystals and in vivo using an MSU-induced peritonitis model. We found that KM dose-dependently inhibited IL-1β secretion in macrophages after NLRP3 inflammasome activators stimulation. Furthermore, KM treatment efficiently attenuated the infiltration of neutrophils and suppressed IL-1β production in mice with MSU-induced peritonitis. These results indicated that KM inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and consistent with this finding, KM effectively inhibited caspase-1 activation, mature IL-1β secretion, NLRP3 formation and pro-IL-1β expression in LPS-primed macrophages treated with ATP, nigericin or MSU. The mechanistic study showed that, KM exerted a potent inhibitory effect on the NLRP3 priming step, which decreased the phosphorylation of IκBα and p65, the nuclear localization of p65, and the secretion of TNF-α and IL-6. Moreover, the assembly of NLRP3 was also interrupted by KM. KM blocked apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) speck formation and its oligomerization and hampered the NLRP3-ASC interaction. This suppression was attributed to the ability of KM to inhibit the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In support of this finding, the inhibitory effect of KM on ROS production was completely counteracted by H2O2, an ROS promoter. Our results provide the first indication that KM exerts an inhibitory effect on NLRP3 inflammasome activation associated with blocking the ROS/NF-κB/NLRP3 signal axis. KM might have potential clinical application in the treatment of NLRP3 inflammasome-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Bojun Xiong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Haiping Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zehong Chen
- Experimental Teaching Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Huihui Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Changxi Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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13
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Yang ZH, Zhang GM, Chen CY, He J, Chen CJ. Prenatal exposure to koumine results in cognitive deficits and increased anxiety-like behavior in mice offspring. J Chem Neuroanat 2020; 111:101888. [PMID: 33212191 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2020.101888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Koumine (KM) is a major alkaloid monomer in the traditional Chinese medicine herb Gelsemium elegans Benth that has exhibited therapeutic potential in clinical applications. However, the pharmacological toxicological mechanism of this drug has not been fully explored. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impacts of KM administration at a therapeutic dose in offspring. On gestational day 0, mice were injected with KM once daily for 4 consecutive days. Male and female offspring were subjected to behavioral tests and neuropathological analyses from postnatal day 60. Prenatal KM exposure resulted in cognitive and memory impairments in the Morris water maze, Y-maze test, and novel object recognition test. The open field test and elevated plus maze test indicated that prenatal KM exposure induced anxiety-like behavior in offspring. Electrophysiological experiments demonstrated that KM exposure inhibited hippocampal long-term potentiation. Immunostaining for neurogenesis markers DCX and BrdU demonstrated that KM suppressed adult neurogenesis in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus. In addition, prenatal KM exposure induced a significant reduction in dendritic spine density in hippocampal neurons. Synaptic formation-related proteins were decreased in the KM group based on western blot. No sex differences in the effects of KM were observed. Collectively, our results indicate that prenatal KA exposure has detrimental neural effects on offspring. This study provides a preliminary preclinical toxicological assessment of the safety of KM use during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Hua Yang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; Jiangmen Wuyi Hospital of TCM, Jiangmen 529000, China
| | - Gui-Mei Zhang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; Heshan Hospital of TCM, Heshan 529700, China
| | | | - Ji He
- School of Chemical Engineering and Resource Recycling, Wuzhou University, Wuzhou 543002, China
| | - Chao-Jie Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Resource Recycling, Wuzhou University, Wuzhou 543002, China.
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14
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Su Y, Lu W, Fu X, Xu Y, Ye L, Yang J, Huang H, Yu C. Formulation and Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of a Drug-in-Adhesive Patch for Transdermal Delivery of Koumine. AAPS PharmSciTech 2020; 21:297. [PMID: 33099696 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-020-01793-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a suitable drug-in-adhesive patch for transdermal delivery of koumine. Acrylic polymer Duro-Tak® 87-4287, which contains hydroxyl groups, may significantly enhance the skin permeation of koumine from transdermal patches containing 0.93-3.72% koumine. Among permeation enhancers, 10% azone showed the greatest potential and increased the flux of koumine to 1.48-fold that of the control. Therefore, an optimized patch formulation containing 3.72% koumine and 10% azone in Duro-Tak® 87-4287 that offers good physical properties was selected for an in vivo pharmacokinetic study using rats. The maximal plasma drug concentration (Cmax) of koumine after transdermal administration (4 mg/patch) was 25.80 ± 1.51 ng/mL, which was in the range of those after oral administration (3 mg/kg and 15 mg/kg). The time to the maximal concentration (Tmax) and the half-life (t1/2) of the drug with transdermal administration were 3.96 ± 0.46 h and 21.10 ± 1.36 h, respectively, which were longer than those with oral administration. Furthermore, the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC0-72 h) of 898.20 ± 45.57 ng·h/mL for the transdermal patch was much higher than that for oral administration (15 mg/kg). In conclusion, the drug-in-adhesive patch containing koumine provides a steady plasma koumine level and sustained release in vivo and can be an effective means of transdermal delivery for koumine.
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15
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A new stress model by predatory sound produces persistent anxiety-like behaviours in male SD rats but not ICR mice. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2019.104843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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16
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Zhang J, He Y, Jiang X, Jiang H, Shen J. Nature brings new avenues to the therapy of central nervous system diseases—An overview of possible treatments derived from natural products. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2019; 62:1332-1367. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-019-9587-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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17
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Wang J, Zhang J, Zhang C, Sun X, Liao X, Zheng W, Yin Q, Yang J, Mao D, Wang B, Li Q, Chen X, Ding Q, Li J, Ma B. The qualitative and quantitative analyses of Gelsemium elegans. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 172:329-338. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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18
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Zhang HH, Huang YJ, Liu YC, Jiang XY, Zhang SX, Liu ZY. Characterization of gelsevirine metabolites in rat liver S9 by accurate mass measurements using high-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2019; 33:1179-1184. [PMID: 30989727 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Gelsemium elegans Benth. belongs to the family Loganiaceae and is widely distributed in northern America, east Asia, and southeast Asia. It has attracted wide attention for its diverse biological effects and complex architectures. Gelsevirine is one of the major components in G. elegans. Compared with other alkaloids from G. elegans, gelsevirine exhibits equally potent anxiolytic effects but with less toxicity. However, the metabolism of gelsevirine has not been clearly elucidated. METHODS The metabolism of gelsevirine was investigated using liver S9 fractions derived from rat liver homogenates by centrifugation at 9000 g. A rapid and accurate high-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC/QqTOF-MS) method was applied to characterize the gelsevirine metabolites. RESULTS We discovered a total number of four metabolites of gelsevirine. The metabolic pathways of gelsevirine consisted of hydrogenation, N-demethylenation and oxidation in rat liver S9. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study on the metabolism of gelsevirine. We proposed possible metabolic pathways of gelsevirine. These findings may warrant future studies of the in vivo metabolism of gelsemine in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Hai Zhang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Rd., Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Qinling National Forest Ecosystem Research Station, Huoditang, Ningshan, Shaanxi, 711600, China
| | - Ya-Jun Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Yan-Chun Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Xu-Yan Jiang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Rd., Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Shuo-Xin Zhang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Rd., Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Qinling National Forest Ecosystem Research Station, Huoditang, Ningshan, Shaanxi, 711600, China
| | - Zhao-Ying Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Veterinary Drugs, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
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19
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Jin GL, Yue RC, He SD, Hong LM, Xu Y, Yu CX. Koumine Decreases Astrocyte-Mediated Neuroinflammation and Enhances Autophagy, Contributing to Neuropathic Pain From Chronic Constriction Injury in Rats. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:989. [PMID: 30214411 PMCID: PMC6125371 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Koumine, an indole alkaloid, is a major bioactive component of Gelsemium elegans. Previous studies have demonstrated that koumine has noticeable anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects in inflammatory and neuropathic pain (NP) models, but the mechanisms involved are not well understood. This study was designed to explore the analgesic effect of koumine on chronic constriction injury (CCI)-induced NP in rats and the underlying mechanisms, including astrocyte autophagy and apoptosis in the spinal cord. Rats with CCI-induced NP were used to evaluate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of koumine. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in rat primary astrocytes was also used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of koumine. We found that repeated treatment with koumine significantly reduced and inhibited CCI-evoked astrocyte activation as well as the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Meanwhile, we found that koumine promoted autophagy in the spinal cord of CCI rats, as reflected by decreases in the LC3-II/I ratio and P62 expression. Double immunofluorescence staining showed a high level of colocalization between LC3 and GFAP-positive glia cells, which could be decreased by koumine. Intrathecal injection of an autophagy inhibitor (chloroquine) reversed the analgesic effect of koumine, as well as the inhibitory effect of koumine on astrocyte activation in the spinal cord. In addition, TUNEL staining suggested that CCI-induced apoptosis was inhibited by koumine, and this inhibition could be abolished by chloroquine. Western blot analysis revealed that koumine significantly increased the level of Bcl-xl while inhibiting Bax expression and decreasing cleaved caspase-3. In addition, we found that koumine could decrease astrocyte-mediated neuroinflammation and enhance autophagy in primary cultured astrocytes. These results suggest that the analgesic effects of koumine on CCI-induced NP may involve inhibition of astrocyte activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine release, which may relate to the promotion of astrocyte autophagy and the inhibition for apoptosis in the spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Lin Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Rong-Cai Yue
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Sai-di He
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Li-Mian Hong
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chang-Xi Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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20
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The analgesic effect and possible mechanisms by which koumine alters type II collagen-induced arthritis in rats. J Nat Med 2018; 73:217-225. [DOI: 10.1007/s11418-018-1229-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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21
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Wang L, Sun Q, Zhao N, Wen YQ, Song Y, Meng FH. Ultra-Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS)-Based Pharmacokinetics and Tissue Distribution Study of Koumine and the Detoxification Mechanism of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch on Gelsemium elegans Benth. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23071693. [PMID: 29997360 PMCID: PMC6100507 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gelsemium elegans Benth. (G. elegans), which is a famous Chinese folk medicine, has been commonly used to treat certain types of skin ulcers and alleviate inflammation, headaches, and cancer pain. However, the extensive clinical use of G. elegans has been greatly hampered by its toxicity. As one of the most widely used herbal medicines, Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch, has a unique effect on detoxification of G. elegans. In the present study, a rapid and sensitive method using ultra-liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was established and validated for determination of koumine, the most abundant molecule among the alkaloids of G. elegans, in rat plasma, tissue, and liver microsome. The developed method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution, and in vitro metabolism study in rat with or without pre-treated Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch extract. Meanwhile, the expression level of CYP3A1 mRNA was analyzed to explain the detoxification mechanism of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch on G. elegans. As a result, our work demonstrated that Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch could significantly affect the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of koumine in rats. The detoxification mechanism of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch on G. elegans may be its cytochrome enzyme up-regulation effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China.
| | - Qi Sun
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China.
| | - Nan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China.
| | - Yan-Qing Wen
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China.
| | - Yang Song
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China.
| | - Fan-Hao Meng
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China.
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22
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Koumine Attenuates Neuroglia Activation and Inflammatory Response to Neuropathic Pain. Neural Plast 2018; 2018:9347696. [PMID: 29770147 PMCID: PMC5889871 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9347696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite decades of studies, the currently available drugs largely fail to control neuropathic pain. Koumine—an alkaloidal constituent derived from the medicinal plant Gelsemium elegans Benth.—has been shown to possess analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects and the possible underlying mechanisms of koumine. The analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of koumine were explored by using chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve (CCI) neuropathic pain model in vivo and LPS-induced injury in microglia BV2 cells in vitro. Immunofluorescence staining and Western blot analysis were used to assess the modulator effect of koumine on microglia and astrocyte activation after CCI surgery. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to evaluate the levels of proinflammatory cytokines. Western blot analysis and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) were used to examine the modulator effect of koumine on microglial M1 polarization. We found that single or repeated treatment of koumine can significantly reduce neuropathic pain after nerve injury. Moreover, koumine showed inhibitory effects on CCI-evoked microglia and astrocyte activation and reduced proinflammatory cytokine production in the spinal cord in rat CCI models. In BV2 cells, koumine significantly inhibited microglia M1 polarization. Furthermore, the analgesic effect of koumine was inhibited by a TSPO antagonist PK11195. These findings suggest that the analgesic effects of koumine on CCI-induced neuropathic pain may result from the inhibition of microglia activation and M1 polarization as well as the activation of astrocytes while sparing the anti-inflammatory responses to neuropathic pain.
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