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New approach for barbiturates, phenytoin, methyprylon and glutethimide determination and fragmentation (UHPLC-MS/MS). J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 228:115318. [PMID: 36868027 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Barbiturates which are old pharmaceutical drugs are still widely used in medical treatment of epilepsy and for general anesthesia. To date, more than 2500 different barbituric acid analogs have been synthesized, and 50 of them were introduced into medical use over the last century. Due to their highly addictive properties, pharmaceuticals containing barbiturates are under strict control in many countries. However, by considering the worldwide problem with new psychoactive substances (NPS) the introduction of new designer barbiturate analogs into the dark market might serve a serious public health problem in the near future. For this reason there is an increasing need for application methods for barbiturates monitoring in biological samples. The UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS method for determination of 15 barbiturates, phenytoin, methyprylon and glutethimide was developed and fully validated. The biological sample volume was reduced to only 50 µL. A simple LLE (pH 3 with ethyl acetate) was successfully applied. The lower LOQ was 10 ng/mL. The method enables differentiation of structural isomers: hexobarbital and cyclobarbital; as well as amobarbital and pentobarbital. Chromatographic separation was achieved with the use of the alkaline mobile phase (pH 9) and Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column. Furthermore, the novel fragmentation mechanism of barbiturates was proposed, which may have a great impact in identification of novel barbiturates analogs introduced to illegal marketplaces. The presented technique has a great potential to be applied in forensic, clinical and veterinary toxicological laboratories, as was evidenced by the positive results of international proficiency tests.
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Ke S, Lian R, Wang R, Rao Y, Liang C, Liang J, Zhang Y. Rapid quantification of phenobarbital and barbital in human whole blood by liquid-liquid extraction combined with DART-orbitrap-HRMS. Forensic Toxicol 2023; 41:126-134. [PMID: 36652071 DOI: 10.1007/s11419-022-00650-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to develop and validate a rapid, simple, and efficient bioanalytical method for the simultaneous quantification of phenobarbital and barbital in human whole blood using liquid-liquid extraction combined with direct analysis in real time (DART) and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). METHOD Phenobarbital-d5 and aprobarbital were selected as internal standards (ISs) of phenobarbital and barbital, respectively. A mixed solvent of o-xylene and ethyl acetate at a ratio of 1:6 was used to extract analytes of interest and ISs from 100 μL of human whole blood samples. Phenobarbital and barbital were detected by DART-HRMS. The proposed method has been validated in accordance with United States Food and Drug Administration Guidelines for Bioanalytical Method Validation in terms of selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, matrix effect, recovery, stability, and dilution integrity. RESULTS The lower limits of quantification (LLOQs) of phenobarbital and barbital were both 10 ng/mL. The linearities were in the range of 10-1000 ng/mL (R2 ≥ 0.99). The mean recovery values of phenobarbital and barbital were 99.7% and 88.1%, respectively. The interday and intraday precision values were less than 10.4%, and the interday and intraday accuracy values ranged from 87.6 to 106.7%. Furthermore, the validated method was applied to four cases of phenobarbital poisoning at the Shanghai Institute of Forensic Science. CONCLUSION The developed and fully validated method enabled the simultaneous quantification of phenobarbital and barbital in human whole blood and was successfully applied to authentic cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Ke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
- State Key Laboratory of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence, Shanghai Institute of Forensic Science, Shanghai, 200083, China
| | - Ru Lian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence, Shanghai Institute of Forensic Science, Shanghai, 200083, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence, Shanghai Institute of Forensic Science, Shanghai, 200083, China
| | - Yulan Rao
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Liang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence, Shanghai Institute of Forensic Science, Shanghai, 200083, China
| | - Jianying Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Yurong Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence, Shanghai Institute of Forensic Science, Shanghai, 200083, China.
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Si H, Wang Q, Guo Y, Zhao Y, Li H, Li S, Wang S, Zhu B. Functionalized monolithic columns: Recent advancements and their applications for high-efficiency separation and enrichment in food and medicine. Front Chem 2022; 10:951649. [PMID: 35991596 PMCID: PMC9388943 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.951649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The chromatographic column is the core of a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system, and must have excellent separation efficiency and selectivity. Therefore, functional modification materials for monolithic columns have been rapidly developed. This study is a systematic review of the recently reported functionalized monolithic columns. In particular, the study reviews the types of functional monomers under different modification conditions, as well as the separation and detection techniques combined with chromatography, and their development prospects. In addition, the applications of functionalized monolithic columns in food analysis, biomedicine, and the analysis of active ingredient of Chinese herbal medicines in recent years are also discussed. Also reviewed are the functionalized monolithic columns for qualitative and quantitative analysis. It provided a reference for further development and application of organic polymer monolithic columns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helong Si
- College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Quan Wang
- College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
- Hebei Forage Microbial Technology Innovation Center, Baoding, Hebei, China
- Hebei Agriculture Waste Resource Utilization Engineering Research Center, Baoding, Hebei, China
- *Correspondence: Quan Wang,
| | - Yuanyuan Guo
- College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
- Hebei Forage Microbial Technology Innovation Center, Baoding, Hebei, China
- Hebei Agriculture Waste Resource Utilization Engineering Research Center, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Yuxin Zhao
- College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
- Hebei Forage Microbial Technology Innovation Center, Baoding, Hebei, China
- Hebei Agriculture Waste Resource Utilization Engineering Research Center, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Hongya Li
- College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
- Hebei Forage Microbial Technology Innovation Center, Baoding, Hebei, China
- Hebei Agriculture Waste Resource Utilization Engineering Research Center, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Shuna Li
- College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
- Hebei Forage Microbial Technology Innovation Center, Baoding, Hebei, China
- Hebei Agriculture Waste Resource Utilization Engineering Research Center, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Shuxiang Wang
- College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
- Hebei Forage Microbial Technology Innovation Center, Baoding, Hebei, China
- Hebei Agriculture Waste Resource Utilization Engineering Research Center, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Baocheng Zhu
- College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
- Hebei Forage Microbial Technology Innovation Center, Baoding, Hebei, China
- Hebei Agriculture Waste Resource Utilization Engineering Research Center, Baoding, Hebei, China
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Yamakawa Y, Morioka M, Negoto T, Orito K, Yoshitomi M, Nakamura Y, Takeshige N, Yamamoto M, Takeuchi Y, Oda K, Jono H, Saito H. A novel step-down infusion method of barbiturate therapy: Its safety and effectiveness for intracranial pressure control. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2021; 9:e00719. [PMID: 33617150 PMCID: PMC7899213 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracranial pressure (ICP) has to be maintained quite constant, because increased ICP caused by cerebrovascular disease and head trauma is fatal. Although controlling ICP is clinically critical, only few therapeutic methods are currently available. Barbiturates, a group of sedative-hypnotic drugs, are recognized as secondary treatment for controlling ICP. We proposed a novel "step-down infusion" method, administrating barbiturate (thiamylal) after different time point from the start of treatment under normothermia, at doses of 3.0 (0-24 h), 2.0 (24-48 h), 1.5 (48-72 h), and 1.0 mg/kg/h (72-96 h), and evaluated its safety and effectiveness in clinical. In 22 patients with severe traumatic brain injury or severe cerebrovascular disease (Glasgow coma scale ≤8), thiamylal concentrations and ICP were monitored. The step-down infusion method under normothermia maintained stable thiamylal concentrations (<26.1 µg/ml) without any abnormal accumulation/elevation, and could successfully keep ICP <20 mmHg (targeted management value: ICP <20 mmHg) in all patients. Moreover the mean value of cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) was also maintained over 65 mmHg during all time course (targeted management value: CPP >65 mmHg), and no threatening changes in serum potassium or any hemodynamic instability were observed. Our novel "step-down infusion" method under normothermia enabled to maintain stable, safe thiamylal concentrations to ensure both ICP reduction and CPP maintenance without any serious side effects, may provide a novel and clinically effective treatment option for patients with increased ICP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukako Yamakawa
- Department of PharmacyKumamoto University HospitalKumamotoJapan
| | - Motohiro Morioka
- Departments of NeurosurgeryKurume University School of MedicineFukuokaJapan
| | - Tetsuya Negoto
- Departments of NeurosurgeryKurume University School of MedicineFukuokaJapan
| | - Kimihiko Orito
- Departments of NeurosurgeryKurume University School of MedicineFukuokaJapan
| | - Munetake Yoshitomi
- Departments of NeurosurgeryKurume University School of MedicineFukuokaJapan
| | - Yukihiko Nakamura
- Departments of NeurosurgeryKurume University School of MedicineFukuokaJapan
| | - Nobuyuki Takeshige
- Departments of NeurosurgeryKurume University School of MedicineFukuokaJapan
| | - Masafumi Yamamoto
- Departments of NeurosurgeryKurume University School of MedicineFukuokaJapan
| | - Yasuharu Takeuchi
- Departments of NeurosurgeryKurume University School of MedicineFukuokaJapan
| | - Kazutaka Oda
- Department of PharmacyKumamoto University HospitalKumamotoJapan
| | - Hirofumi Jono
- Department of PharmacyKumamoto University HospitalKumamotoJapan
| | - Hideyuki Saito
- Department of PharmacyKumamoto University HospitalKumamotoJapan
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Wu S, Zhu R, Dong Y, Huang C, Shen X. Electromembrane extraction of barbiturates using tributyl phosphate as an efficient supported liquid membrane. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1129:118-125. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Lee XP, Shouji Y, Kumazawa T, Hasegawa C, Fujishiro M, Sato J, Hasegawa I, Sato K. Rapid and highly sensitive analysis of benzodiazepines and tandospirone in human plasma by automated on-line column-switching UFLC-MS/MS. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2017; 24:36-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ogawa T, Iwai M, Hattori H, Zaitsu K, Kumazawa T, Ishii A, Suzuki O, Seno H. High-throughput analysis of ramelteon, agomelatine, and melatonin in human plasma by ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Forensic Toxicol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11419-013-0195-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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