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Baralla E, Nieddu M, Burrai L, Varoni MV, Demontis MP, Boatto G. LC-MS/MS analysis of two new designer drugs (FLY serie) in rat plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetic study. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2019; 38:58-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Inoue H, Negishi S, Nakazono Y, Iwata YT, Tsujikawa K, Ohtsuru O, Miyamoto K, Yamashita T, Kasuya F. Differentiation of ring-substituted bromoamphetamine analogs by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Forensic Toxicol 2015; 34:125-132. [PMID: 26793279 PMCID: PMC4705134 DOI: 10.1007/s11419-015-0296-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
There has been a rapid increase over the last decade in the appearance of new non-controlled psychoactive substances. Minor changes in the chemical structures of these compounds, such as the extension of an alkyl residue or replacement of a single substituent, are regularly made to avoid regulatory control, leading to the manufacture of many new potentially dangerous drugs. Bromoamphetamine analogs (bromoamphetamine [Br-AP] and bromomethamphetamine (Br-MA]) are ring-substituted amphetamines that can behave as stimulants, as well as exhibiting inhibitory activity towards monoamine oxidases in the same way as amphetamines. Gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (GC–MS–MS) was used in this study to differentiate ring-substituted bromoamphetamine analogs. Free bases, trifluoroacetyl derivatives, and trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives of six analytes were successfully separated using DB-1ms and DB-5ms columns. Electron ionization MS–MS analysis of the TMS derivatives allowed for the differentiation of three regioisomers. TMS derivatives of 2-positional isomers provided significant product ions. The spectral patterns of 3- and 4-positional isomers were different. Chemical ionization MS–MS analysis of free bases for [M+H–HBr]+ ions at m/z 134 and 148 allowed for differentiation of the regioisomers. The spectra of 2-positional isomers contained characteristic product ions formed by dehydrogenation at m/z 132 and m/z 146 for 2Br-AP and 2Br-MA, respectively. The spectra of 3-positional isomers contained α-cleaved iminium cations as the base peaks. The spectra of 4-positional isomers showed a tropylium cation at m/z 91 as the base peak. These results demonstrate that GC–MS–MS can be used for the differentiation of regioisomeric Br-AP analogs in forensic practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Inoue
- />National Research Institute of Police Science, 6-3-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, 277-0882 Japan
| | - Shoko Negishi
- />National Research Institute of Police Science, 6-3-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, 277-0882 Japan
- />Technopro, Inc. Technopro R&D, Company, 1-15-1 Benten, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-0045 Japan
| | - Yukiko Nakazono
- />National Research Institute of Police Science, 6-3-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, 277-0882 Japan
- />Technopro, Inc. Technopro R&D, Company, 1-15-1 Benten, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-0045 Japan
| | - Yuko T. Iwata
- />National Research Institute of Police Science, 6-3-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, 277-0882 Japan
| | - Kenji Tsujikawa
- />National Research Institute of Police Science, 6-3-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, 277-0882 Japan
| | - Osamu Ohtsuru
- />National Research Institute of Police Science, 6-3-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, 277-0882 Japan
| | - Kazuna Miyamoto
- />Technopro, Inc. Technopro R&D, Company, 1-15-1 Benten, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-0045 Japan
- />Biochemical Toxicology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobegakuin University, 1-1-3 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-8586 Japan
| | - Takuya Yamashita
- />Biochemical Toxicology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobegakuin University, 1-1-3 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-8586 Japan
| | - Fumiyo Kasuya
- />Biochemical Toxicology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobegakuin University, 1-1-3 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-8586 Japan
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Negishi S, Nakazono Y, Iwata YT, Kanamori T, Tsujikawa K, Kuwayama K, Yamamuro T, Miyamoto K, Yamashita T, Kasuya F, Inoue H. Differentiation of regioisomeric chloroamphetamine analogs using gas chromatography-chemical ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. Forensic Toxicol 2015; 33:338-347. [PMID: 26691350 PMCID: PMC4672017 DOI: 10.1007/s11419-015-0280-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, a large number of clandestinely synthesized new psychoactive substances with high structural variety have been detected in forensic samples. Analytical differentiation of regioisomers is a significant issue in forensic drug analysis, because, in most cases, legal controls are placed on only one or two of the conceivable isomers. In this study, gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS-MS) was used to differentiate the regioisomers of chloroamphetamine analogs (chloroamphetamines and chloromethamphetamines) synthesized in the authors' laboratories. Free bases, trifluoroacetyl derivatives, and trimethylsilyl derivatives were subjected to GC-MS-MS using DB-1ms, DB-5ms, and DB-17ms capillary columns, respectively. The regioisomers of chloroamphetamine analogs in all forms were well separated on the DB-5ms column. The electron ionization mass spectra of the chloroamphetamine analogs gave very little structural information for differentiation among these analogs, even after trifluoroacetyl and trimethylsilyl derivatization of the analytes. Characteristic product ions of the 2-positional isomers were observed by electron ionization-MS-MS. In contrast, chemical ionization-MS-MS of the free bases provided more structural information about chloride position on the aromatic ring when [M+H-HCl]+ was selected as a precursor ion. The results suggest that a combination of chromatographic analysis and MS-MS supports differentiation for regioisomers of chloroamphetamine analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Negishi
- />National Research Institute of Police Science, 6-3-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, 277-0882 Japan
- />Technopro R&D, Company, 1-15-1 Benten, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-0045 Japan
| | - Yukiko Nakazono
- />National Research Institute of Police Science, 6-3-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, 277-0882 Japan
- />Technopro R&D, Company, 1-15-1 Benten, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-0045 Japan
| | - Yuko T. Iwata
- />National Research Institute of Police Science, 6-3-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, 277-0882 Japan
| | - Tatsuyuki Kanamori
- />National Research Institute of Police Science, 6-3-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, 277-0882 Japan
| | - Kenji Tsujikawa
- />National Research Institute of Police Science, 6-3-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, 277-0882 Japan
| | - Kenji Kuwayama
- />National Research Institute of Police Science, 6-3-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, 277-0882 Japan
| | - Tadashi Yamamuro
- />National Research Institute of Police Science, 6-3-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, 277-0882 Japan
| | - Kazuna Miyamoto
- />Technopro R&D, Company, 1-15-1 Benten, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-0045 Japan
- />Biochemical Toxicology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobegakuin University, 1-1-3 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-8586 Japan
| | - Takuya Yamashita
- />Biochemical Toxicology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobegakuin University, 1-1-3 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-8586 Japan
| | - Fumiyo Kasuya
- />Biochemical Toxicology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobegakuin University, 1-1-3 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-8586 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Inoue
- />National Research Institute of Police Science, 6-3-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, 277-0882 Japan
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Burrai L, Nieddu M, Palomba M, Pirisi MA. Identification and quantitation of 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine in seized blotters. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2015; 17:56-9. [PMID: 25248801 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Blotters are usually impregnated with hallucinogens such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD); only rarely other psychoactive substances are detected. In this work we identified 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine (DOB) and 2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine (DMA) in illicit blotters seized in Italy. This report describes a rapid method for the simultaneous identification and quantitation of DOB and its precursor (DMA) by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS), using 2,3-dimethoxyphenethylamine-d3 as internal standard. Regression equations were linear over the tested concentration range with good correlation coefficients. The achieved levels of sensitivity may be suitable to confirm the possible presence of DOB and DMA also in low concentration or in traces in seized material for forensic analysis. The developed method showed good reproducibility and sensitivity, and could be used for similar routine analysis. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the detection of DOB and DMA from blotters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Burrai
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via Muroni 23/a, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Maria Nieddu
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via Muroni 23/a, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Michele Palomba
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via Muroni 23/a, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Maria Antonietta Pirisi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via Muroni 23/a, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
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