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Barbosa JMG, Shokry E, Caetano David L, Pereira NZ, da Silva AR, de Oliveira VF, Fioravanti MCS, da Cunha PHJ, de Oliveira AE, Antoniosi Filho NR. Cancer evaluation in dogs using cerumen as a source for volatile biomarker prospection. Mol Omics 2024; 20:27-36. [PMID: 37751172 DOI: 10.1039/d3mo00147d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the deadliest diseases in humans and dogs. Nevertheless, most tumor types spread faster in canines, and early cancer detection methods are necessary to enhance animal survival. Here, cerumen (earwax) was tested as a source of potential biomarkers for cancer evaluation in dogs. Earwax samples from dogs were collected from tumor-bearing and clinically healthy dogs, followed by Headspace/Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (HS/GC-MS) analyses and multivariate statistical workflow. An evolutionary-based multivariate algorithm selected 18 out of 128 volatile metabolites as a potential cancer biomarker panel in dogs. The candidate biomarkers showed a full discrimination pattern between tumor-bearing dogs and cancer-free canines with high accuracy in the test dataset: an accuracy of 95.0% (75.1-99.9), and sensitivity and specificity of 100.0% and 92.9%, respectively. In summary, this work raises a new perspective on cancer diagnosis in dogs, being carried out painlessly and non-invasive, facilitating sample collection and periodic application in a veterinary routine.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Marcos G Barbosa
- Laboratório de Métodos de Extração e Separação, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Campus II - Samambaia, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
| | - Engy Shokry
- Laboratório de Métodos de Extração e Separação, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Campus II - Samambaia, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
| | - Lurian Caetano David
- Laboratório de Métodos de Extração e Separação, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Campus II - Samambaia, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
| | - Naiara Z Pereira
- Laboratório de Métodos de Extração e Separação, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Campus II - Samambaia, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
| | - Adriana R da Silva
- Hospital Veterinário - Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia da UFG, Rodovia Goiânia - Nova Veneza, km 8 Campus II - Samambaia, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Vilma F de Oliveira
- Hospital Veterinário - Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia da UFG, Rodovia Goiânia - Nova Veneza, km 8 Campus II - Samambaia, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Maria Clorinda S Fioravanti
- Hospital Veterinário - Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia da UFG, Rodovia Goiânia - Nova Veneza, km 8 Campus II - Samambaia, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Paulo H Jorge da Cunha
- Hospital Veterinário - Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia da UFG, Rodovia Goiânia - Nova Veneza, km 8 Campus II - Samambaia, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Anselmo E de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Química Teórica e Computacional, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Campus II - Samambaia, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Nelson Roberto Antoniosi Filho
- Laboratório de Métodos de Extração e Separação, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Campus II - Samambaia, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
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Development and validation of an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric method for the determination of 25 psychoactive drugs in cerumen and its application to real postmortem samples. Forensic Toxicol 2023; 41:94-104. [PMID: 36652062 DOI: 10.1007/s11419-022-00640-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In the present study, a method for the detection of 25 psychoactive substances in cerumen was developed and validated. This method targets opiates, cocaine, antidepressants, benzodiazepines, antipsychotics and antiparkinsons. METHODS Analysis was performed on a SCIEX Triple Quad 6500+ system after liquid-liquid extraction. Methanol with 1% acetic acid was chosen as the extraction solvent. After the addition of the solvent, samples were vortexed, sonicated, centrifuged and directly injected into the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry system. RESULTS The method was found to be selective and sensitive (limit of detection: 0.017 ng-0.33 ng/mg), the assay was linear for all analytes with linear regression coefficient ranging 0.9911-1.00. The values for intra-assay precision was between 4.34 and 14.6% and inter-assay precision between 5.81 and 17.7%, with accuracy within the acceptable criteria for all analytes. All analytes in cerumen specimens were stable for 48 h at 4 °C and 72 h at - 20 °C, whilst no significant matrix effect or carryover was observed. Applicability was proven by analyzing cerumen samples from 25 deceased with a history of drug abuse. All analytes were detected in real samples, thus confirming the sensitivity of the developed method. CONCLUSIONS According to our knowledge, it is the first time that a method for the simultaneous detection of 25 psychoactive drugs in cerumen was developed, fully validated and finally applied to 25 postmortem samples.
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Barbosa JMG, de Mendonça DR, David LC, E Silva TC, Fortuna Lima DA, de Oliveira AE, Lopes WDZ, Fioravanti MCS, da Cunha PHJ, Antoniosi Filho NR. A cerumenolomic approach to bovine trypanosomosis diagnosis. Metabolomics 2022; 18:42. [PMID: 35739279 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-022-01901-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Trypanosomiasis caused by Trypanosoma vivax (T. vivax, subgenus Duttonella) is a burden disease in bovines that induces losses of billions of dollars in livestock activity worldwide. To control the disease, the first step is identifying the infected animals at early stages. However, convention tools for animal infection detection by T. vivax present some challenges, facilitating the spread of the pathogenesis. OBJECTIVES This work aims to develop a new procedure to identify infected bovines by T. vivax using cerumen (earwax) in a volatilomic approach, here named cerumenolomic, which is performed in an easy, quick, accurate, and non-invasive manner. METHODS Seventy-eight earwax samples from Brazilian Curraleiro Pé-Duro calves were collected in a longitudinal study protocol during health and inoculated stages. The samples were analyzed using Headspace/Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry followed by multivariate analysis approaches. RESULTS The cerumen analyses lead to the identification of a broad spectrum of volatile organic metabolites (VOMs), of which 20 VOMs can discriminate between healthy and infected calves (AUC = 0.991, sensitivity = 0.967, specificity = 1.000). Furthermore, 13 VOMs can indicate a pattern of discrimination between the acute and chronic phases of the T. vivax infection in the animals (AUC = 0.989, sensitivity = 0.944, specificity = 1.000). CONCLUSION The cerumen volatile metabolites present alterations in their occurrence during the T.vivax infection, which may lead to identifying the infection in the first weeks of inoculation and discriminating between the acute and chronic phases of the illness. These results may be a breakthrough to avoid the T. vivax outbreak and provide a faster clinical approach to the animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Marcos G Barbosa
- Laboratório de Métodos de Extração e Separação (LAMES), Instituto de Química (IQ), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Campus II - Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil.
| | - Débora Ribeiro de Mendonça
- Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia (EVZ), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Rodovia Goiânia - Nova Veneza, Km 8, Campus II - Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, CEP, 74001-970, Brazil
| | - Lurian C David
- Laboratório de Métodos de Extração e Separação (LAMES), Instituto de Química (IQ), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Campus II - Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Taynara C E Silva
- Laboratório de Métodos de Extração e Separação (LAMES), Instituto de Química (IQ), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Campus II - Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Danielly A Fortuna Lima
- Laboratório de Métodos de Extração e Separação (LAMES), Instituto de Química (IQ), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Campus II - Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Anselmo E de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Instituto de Química, UFG, Goiânia, GO, 74690-970, Brazil
| | - Welber Daniel Zanetti Lopes
- Centro de Parasitologia Veterinária, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia (EVZ), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Rodovia Goiânia - Nova Veneza, Km 8, Campus II - Samambaia, Goiânia, Goiás, CEP, 74001-970, Brazil
| | - Maria Clorinda S Fioravanti
- Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia (EVZ), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Rodovia Goiânia - Nova Veneza, Km 8, Campus II - Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, CEP, 74001-970, Brazil
| | - Paulo H Jorge da Cunha
- Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia (EVZ), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Rodovia Goiânia - Nova Veneza, Km 8, Campus II - Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, CEP, 74001-970, Brazil
| | - Nelson R Antoniosi Filho
- Laboratório de Métodos de Extração e Separação (LAMES), Instituto de Química (IQ), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Campus II - Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil.
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Mastrogianni O, Kevrekidis DP, Brousa E, Orfanidis A, Zagelidou H, Raikos N. Determination of fentanyl and norfentanyl in cerumen in the setting of postmortem investigation. J Forensic Sci 2022; 67:2130-2137. [PMID: 35642729 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cerumen is an emerging alternative biological matrix in the field of forensic toxicology. An ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry [UHPLC-MS/MS] method for the determination of fentanyl and norfentanyl in cerumen was developed and applied in a mixed drug toxicity fatal case. The method was found to be selective and sensitive (LOQ: 0.05 ng/mg for fentanyl and 0.02 ng/mg for norfentanyl), while validation included recovery, carryover, short-term stability, matrix effect, accuracy, and precision (RSD%). Accuracy ranged from 83.1% to 103.5%, while intra- and inter-day precision ranged from 8.6% to 13.1% and from 8.3% to 15.8%, respectively. Matrix effect experiments showed that matrix did not significantly affect signal intensity (82.3%-96.8%). Short-term stability concerning sample extracts was found satisfactory. Fentanyl and norfentanyl were detected in cerumen at a concentration of 1.17 and 0.36 ng/mg respectively. The findings in cerumen corroborate the cause of death and suggest that cerumen is a potential specimen for detecting drugs of abuse in forensic cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orthodoxia Mastrogianni
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Forensic Service of Thessaloniki, Ministry of Justice, Thessaloniki, Greece.,Laboratory of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Medical School, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Evdokia Brousa
- Laboratory of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Medical School, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Amvrosios Orfanidis
- Laboratory of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Medical School, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Heleni Zagelidou
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Forensic Service of Thessaloniki, Ministry of Justice, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Raikos
- Laboratory of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Medical School, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Gonçalves Barbosa JM, Machado Botelho AF, Santana da Silva RH, Ferreira de Almeida SS, Ferreira ER, Caetano David L, Alves Fortuna Lima D, Cavalcante E Silva T, Jorge da Cunha PH, Roberto Antoniosi Filho N. Identification of cattle poisoning by Bifenthrin via earwax analysis by HS/GC-MS. Biomed Chromatogr 2020; 35:e5017. [PMID: 33125751 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The use of pyrethroids has increased over recent years, and corresponds to a higher exposure of animals to pesticide residues in the environment and diet. Here, an outbreak of pyrethroid poisoning in beef cattle was reported occurring in Midwestern Brazil. After veterinary evaluation, it was observed that the bovines presented common pyrethroid intoxication symptoms. Aiming to identify the cattle poising by pyrethroid, earwax samples were collected from two groups: exposed and nonexposed animals from the same farm. Blind earwax analyses of the bovines were carried out using headspace/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS/GC-MS). The HS/GC-MS analysis detected the presence of bifenthrin in the earwax analysis of the exposed animals, confirmed by the comparison of its MS fragments with a bifenthrin standard, and also by its retention time relative to the internal standard. In summary, HS/GC-MS analysis of earwax emerges as a tool that can be used in the detection and monitoring of bifenthrin poisoning in cattle, as a useful veterinary diagnosis that ensures animal health and the safety of their products.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Marcos Gonçalves Barbosa
- Laboratory of Extraction and Separation Methods, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Ana Flávia Machado Botelho
- Laboratory of Veterinary Toxicology, Veterinary and Zootechnical School, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | | | - Sara Sueli Ferreira de Almeida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Toxicology, Veterinary and Zootechnical School, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | | | - Lurian Caetano David
- Laboratory of Extraction and Separation Methods, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Danielly Alves Fortuna Lima
- Laboratory of Extraction and Separation Methods, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Taynara Cavalcante E Silva
- Laboratory of Extraction and Separation Methods, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Paulo Henrique Jorge da Cunha
- Laboratory of Veterinary Toxicology, Veterinary and Zootechnical School, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Nelson Roberto Antoniosi Filho
- Laboratory of Extraction and Separation Methods, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
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Barbosa JMG, Fernandes Rodrigues MK, David LC, E Silva TC, Fortuna Lima DA, Pereira NZ, D'Alessandro EB, de Oliveira AE, Jorge da Cunha PH, Fioravanti MCS, Antoniosi Filho NR. A volatolomic approach using cerumen as biofluid to diagnose bovine intoxication by Stryphnodendron rotundifolium. Biomed Chromatogr 2020; 34:e4935. [PMID: 32598079 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
An innovative volatolomic approach employs the detection of biomarkers present in cerumen (earwax) to identify cattle intoxication by Stryphnodendron rotundifolium Mart., Fabaceae (popularly known as barbatimão). S. rotundifolium is a poisonous plant with the toxic compound undefined and widely distributed throughout the Brazilian territory. Cerumen samples from cattle of two local Brazilian breeds ('Curraleiro Pé-Duro' and 'Pantaneiro') were collected during an experimental intoxication protocol and analyzed using headspace (HS)/GC-MS followed by multivariate analysis (genetic algorithm for a partial least squares, cluster analysis, and classification and regression trees). A total of 106 volatile organic metabolites were identified in the cerumen samples of bovines. The intoxication by S. rotundifolium influenced the cerumen volatolomic profile of the bovines throughout the intoxication protocol. In this way, it was possible to detect biomarkers for cattle intoxication. Among the biomarkers, 2-octyldecanol and 9-tetradecen-1-ol were able to discriminate all samples between intoxicated and nonintoxicated bovines. The cattle intoxication diagnosis by S. rotundifolium was accomplished by applying the cerumen analysis using HS/GC-MS, in an easy, accurate, and noninvasive way. Thus, the proposed bioanalytical chromatography protocol is a useful tool in veterinary applications to determine this kind of intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Marcos G Barbosa
- Laboratory of Extraction and Separation Methods (LAMES), Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | | | - Lurian C David
- Laboratory of Extraction and Separation Methods (LAMES), Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Taynara C E Silva
- Laboratory of Extraction and Separation Methods (LAMES), Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Danielly A Fortuna Lima
- Laboratory of Extraction and Separation Methods (LAMES), Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Naiara Z Pereira
- Laboratory of Extraction and Separation Methods (LAMES), Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Emmanuel B D'Alessandro
- Laboratory of Extraction and Separation Methods (LAMES), Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Anselmo E de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (LQTC), Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Paulo H Jorge da Cunha
- Veterinary and Zootechnical School (EVZ), Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | | | - Nelson R Antoniosi Filho
- Laboratory of Extraction and Separation Methods (LAMES), Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
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Shokry E, Filho NRA. Insights into cerumen and application in diagnostics: past, present and future prospective. Biochem Med (Zagreb) 2019; 27:030503. [PMID: 29180914 PMCID: PMC5696747 DOI: 10.11613/bm.2017.030503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerumen or earwax is an emerging bio-fluid in clinical diagnosis that has been very little exploited during the past decades in spite of its high diagnostic potential. It is highly abundant in diagnostic biomarkers such as genetic material, lipids, proteins, chemical elements, internal and external metabolites (e.g. hormones, volatile organic compounds, amino acids, xenobiotics etc.) reaching earwax from the blood circulation. Thus, it is able to reflect not only physiology, pathophysiology of the human body but can also detect recent and long term exposure to environmental pollutants, without the need of invasive blood tests and in the same time overcoming many disadvantages faced by using other diagnostic biological fluids. This review discusses the biology, functions, chemistry of earwax, past and current approaches for the study of its chemical composition, emphasizing how a detected variation in its composition can offer information of high clinical value, which can be useful in diagnosis of many diseases such as metabolic disorders and tumours as well as in forensic applications. It also presents details about techniques of sample collection, storage, and analysis. Moreover, it highlights concerns about the use of earwax for diagnostic purposes, which should be addressed to make earwax diagnostics a reality in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engy Shokry
- Laboratório de Métodos de Extração e Separação, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
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Lee ST, Stonecipher CA, Dos Santos FC, Pfister JA, Welch KD, Cook D, Green BT, Gardner DR, Panter KE. An Evaluation of Hair, Oral Fluid, Earwax, and Nasal Mucus as Noninvasive Specimens to Determine Livestock Exposure to Teratogenic Lupine Species. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:43-49. [PMID: 30525551 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The livestock industry in the western United States loses an estimated $500 million annually from livestock production losses due to poisonous plants. Poisoning of livestock by plants often goes undiagnosed because there is a lack of appropriate or available specimens for analysis. The Lupinus species represent an important toxic plant in western North America that can be toxic and/or teratogenic to livestock species due to the quinolizidine alkaloids. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of using earwax, hair, oral fluid, and nasal mucus as noninvasive specimens to determine livestock exposure to the teratogenic Lupinus species. Quinolizidine alkaloids were detected in these four matrices in cattle that were administered a single dose of Lupinus leucophyllus. In addition, quinolizidine alkaloids from lupine were detected in the earwax of cattle that grazed on lupine-infested rangelands. This study demonstrates the potential of earwax, hair, oral fluid, and nasal mucus as noninvasive specimens for chemical analyses to aid in the diagnosis of livestock that may have been exposed to and poisoned by plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen T Lee
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service , United States Department of Agriculture , 1150 E. 1400 N. , Logan , Utah 84341 , United States
| | - Clinton A Stonecipher
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service , United States Department of Agriculture , 1150 E. 1400 N. , Logan , Utah 84341 , United States
| | - Fabrício Carrião Dos Santos
- Federal Institute Goiano - Urutai Campus , Rod. Geraldo Silva Nascimento, 2.5, Rural Zone , Urutaí , GO CEP 7579-000 , Brazil
| | - James A Pfister
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service , United States Department of Agriculture , 1150 E. 1400 N. , Logan , Utah 84341 , United States
| | - Kevin D Welch
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service , United States Department of Agriculture , 1150 E. 1400 N. , Logan , Utah 84341 , United States
| | - Daniel Cook
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service , United States Department of Agriculture , 1150 E. 1400 N. , Logan , Utah 84341 , United States
| | - Benedict T Green
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service , United States Department of Agriculture , 1150 E. 1400 N. , Logan , Utah 84341 , United States
| | - Dale R Gardner
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service , United States Department of Agriculture , 1150 E. 1400 N. , Logan , Utah 84341 , United States
| | - Kip E Panter
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service , United States Department of Agriculture , 1150 E. 1400 N. , Logan , Utah 84341 , United States
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Shokry E, Pereira J, Marques Júnior JG, da Cunha PHJ, Noronha Filho ADF, da Silva JA, Fioravanti MCS, de Oliveira AE, Antoniosi Filho NR. Earwax metabolomics: An innovative pilot metabolic profiling study for assessing metabolic changes in ewes during periparturition period. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183538. [PMID: 28841695 PMCID: PMC5571955 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Important metabolic changes occur during transition period of late pregnancy and early lactation to meet increasing energy demands of the growing fetus and for milk production. The aim of this investigation is to present an innovative and non-invasive tool using ewe earwax sample analysis to assess the metabolic profile in ewes during late pregnancy and early lactation. In this work, earwax samples were collected from 28 healthy Brazilian Santa Inês ewes divided into 3 sub-groups: 9 non-pregnant ewes, 6 pregnant ewes in the last 30 days of gestation, and 13 lactating ewes ≤ 30 days postpartum. Then, a range of metabolites including volatile organic compounds (VOC), amino acids (AA), and minerals were profiled and quantified in the samples by applying headspace gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, high performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry, and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry, respectively. As evident in our results, significant changes were observed in the metabolite profile of earwax between the studied groups where a remarkable elevation was detected in the levels of non-esterified fatty acids, alcohols, ketones, and hydroxy urea in the VOC profile of samples obtained from pregnant and lactating ewes. Meanwhile, a significant decrease was detected in the levels of 9 minerals and 14 AA including essential AA (leucine, phenyl alanine, lysine, isoleucine, threonine, valine), conditionally essential AA (arginine, glycine, tyrosine, proline, serine), and a non-essential AA (alanine). Multivariate analysis using robust principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis was successfully applied to discriminate the three study groups using the variations of metabolites in the two stress states (pregnancy and lactation) from the healthy non-stress condition. The innovative developed method was successful in evaluating pre- and post-parturient metabolic changes using earwax and can in the future be applied to recognize markers for diagnosis, prevention, and intervention of pregnancy complications in ewes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engy Shokry
- Laboratório de Métodos de Extração e Separação (LAMES), Instituto de Química (IQ), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Julião Pereira
- Laboratório de Métodos de Extração e Separação (LAMES), Instituto de Química (IQ), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Jair Gonzalez Marques Júnior
- Laboratório de Métodos de Extração e Separação (LAMES), Instituto de Química (IQ), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | | | - Jessica Alves da Silva
- Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | - Anselmo Elcana de Oliveira
- Instituto de Química (IQ), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Nelson Roberto Antoniosi Filho
- Laboratório de Métodos de Extração e Separação (LAMES), Instituto de Química (IQ), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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