Theoretical studies and industrial applications of oxidative activation of inert C-H bond by metalloporphyrin-based biomimetic catalysis

Applications of Fluorous Porphyrinoids: An Update†

Porphyrins and related macrocycles have been studied broadly for their applications in medicine and materials because of their tunable physicochemical, optoelectronic and magnetic properties. In this review article, we focused on the applications of fluorinated porphyrinoids and their supramolecular systems and summarized the reports published on these chromophores in the past 5-6 years. The commercially available fluorinated porphyrinoids: meso-perfluorophenylporphyrin (TPPF₂₀ ) perfluorophthalocyanine (PcF₁₆ ) and meso-perfluorophenylcorrole (CorF₁₅ ) have increased photo and oxidative stability due to the presence of fluoro groups. Because of their tunable properties and robustness toward oxidative damage these porphyrinoid-based chromophores continue to gain attention of researchers developing advanced functional materials for applications such as sensors, photonic devices, component for solar cells, biomedical imaging, theranostics and catalysts.

Iron porphyrin-catalyzed N-trifluoroethylation of anilines with 2,2,2-trifluoroethylamine hydrochloride in aqueous solution

An iron porphyrin-catalyzed N-trifluoroethylation of anilines has been developed with 2,2,2-trifluoroethylamine hydrochloride as the fluorine source. This one-pot N-H insertion reaction is conducted via cascade diazotization/N-trifluoroethylation reactions. The developed transformation can afford a wide range of N-trifluoroethylated anilines in good yields using readily available primary amines and secondary anilines as starting materials.

Fluorinated porphyrinoids as efficient platforms for new photonic materials, sensors, and therapeutics

Porphyrinoids are robust heterocyclic dyes studied extensively for their applications in medicine and as photonic materials because of their tunable photophysical properties, diverse means of modifying the periphery, and the ability to chelate most transition metals. Commercial applications include their use as phthalocyanine dyes in optical discs, porphyrins in photodynamic therapy, and as oxygen sensors. Most applications of these dyes require exocyclic moieties to improve solubility, target diseases, modulate photophysical properties, or direct the self-organization into architectures with desired photonic properties. The synthesis of the porphyrinoid depends on the desired application, but the de novo synthesis often involves several steps, is time consuming, and results in low isolated yields. Thus, the application of core porphyrinoid platforms that can be rapidly and efficiently modified to evaluate new molecular architectures allows researchers to focus on the design concepts rather than the synthesis methods, and opens porphyrinoid chemistry to a broader scientific community. We have focused on several widely available, commercially viable porphyrinoids as platforms: meso-perfluorophenylporphyrin, perfluorophthalocyanine, and meso-perfluorophenylcorrole. The perfluorophenylporphyrin is readily converted to the chlorin, bacteriochlorin, and isobacteriochlorin. Derivatives of all six of these core platforms can be efficiently and controllably made via mild nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions using primary S, N, and O nucleophiles bearing a wide variety of functional groups. The remaining fluoro groups enhance the photo and oxidative stability of the dyes and can serve as spectroscopic signatures to characterize the compounds or in imaging applications using (19)F NMR. This review provides an overview of the chemistry of fluorinated porphyrinoids that are being used as a platform to create libraries of photo-active compounds for applications in medicine and materials.

2,3-Dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone-catalyzed aerobic oxidation reactions via multistep electron transfers with iron(ii) phthalocyanine as an electron-transfer mediator

A new biomimetic catalytic oxidation system was developed for oxidative deprotection of PMB ethers, alcohol oxidation, aromatization and α,β-unsaturated aldehyde formation.

New highly brominated Mn-porphyrin: a good catalyst for activation of inert C–H bonds

Polybrominated Mn-porphyrin can act as a good catalyst for C–H activation. The oxidation of cyclohexane takes place with excellent selectivity and formation of 2-adamantanol is increased in adamantine oxidation.