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Using machine learning-based variable selection to identify hydrate related components from FT-ICR MS spectra. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273084. [PMID: 35976915 PMCID: PMC9385063 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The blockages of pipelines caused by agglomeration of gas hydrates is a major flow assurance issue in the oil and gas industry. Some crude oils form gas hydrates that remain as transportable particles in a slurry. It is commonly believed that naturally occurring components in those crude oils alter the surface properties of gas hydrate particles when formed. The exact structure of the crude oil components responsible for this surface modification remains unknown. In this study, a successive accumulation and spiking of hydrate-active crude oil fractions was performed to increase the concentration of hydrate related compounds. Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) was then utilised to analyse extracted oil samples for each spiking generation. Machine learning-based variable selection was used on the FT-ICR MS spectra to identify the components related to hydrate formation. Among six different methods, Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) was selected as the best performing model and the 23 most important variables were determined. The FT-ICR MS mass spectra for each spiking level was compared to samples extracted before the successive accumulation, to identify changes in the composition. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) exhibited differences between the oils and spiking levels, indicating an accumulation of hydrate active components. Molecular formulas, double bond equivalents (DBE) and hydrogen-carbon (H/C) ratios were determined for each of the selected variables and evaluated. Some variables were identified as possibly asphaltenes and naphthenic acids which could be related to the positive wetting index (WI) for the oils.
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2
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Guan D, Zhang L. Initial Guess Estimation and Fast Solving of Petroleum Complex Molecular Reconstruction Model. AIChE J 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.17782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Petroleum Molecular Engineering Center (PMEC) China University of Petroleum Beijing China
| | - Linzhou Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Petroleum Molecular Engineering Center (PMEC) China University of Petroleum Beijing China
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3
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Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry for Structural Elucidation of Petroleum Compounds. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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4
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Yan L, Zhang Y, Yan H, Fan Y, Liu X, Ma C, Shi Q. Molecular Characterization of Lignite Extracts of Methanol and Carbon Disulfide/ N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone by High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:31085-31091. [PMID: 33324817 PMCID: PMC7726752 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
CS2/N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) could extract much more substance from coals than any other solvents. Investigation on the molecular composition of CS2/NMP extracts from lignite is significant for the understanding of high extraction yield and the clean utilization of coal. The methanol-soluble portions from lignites and CS2/NMP extracts of lignites were characterized by electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. The yield of CS2/NMP extracts from lignite was quite higher than that of methanol extracts. Furthermore, the yield of methanol-soluble portions from CS2/NMP extracts was far more than that of methanol extracts from lignite. At the level of molecular composition, the relative content of heteroatom compounds with more oxygen atoms, longer side chain, and higher condensation in the CS2/NMP extract was also higher than that in the methanol extract. Despite great difference in the yield and the relative content of components, the distributions of species, molecular weight, carbon number, and double-bond equivalent were similar to those of most organic molecules for the methanol extract and methanol-soluble portions from the CS2/NMP extract. These phenomena suggested that organic molecules with similar structure but different composition, nonuniformly distributed in the coal matrix, were released more in the CS2/NMP extract compared to the single methanol extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Yan
- State
Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Yahe Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Hongyu Yan
- State
Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Yu Fan
- State
Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Xuxia Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Institute
of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Quan Shi
- State
Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
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5
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Zhang Y, Chen X, Zhang L, Shi Q, Zhao S, Xu C. Specification of the nitrogen functional group in a hydrotreated petroleum molecule using hydrogen/deuterium exchange electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry. Analyst 2020; 145:4442-4451. [PMID: 32529999 DOI: 10.1039/d0an00772b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hydrotreatment is extensively used for the production of clean fuel. Attaining an understanding of the structural conversion of the nitrogen species during hydrotreatment is very challenging due to the compositional complexity and the absence of a proper characterization method. In the presented work, we coupled hydrogen/deuterium exchange (HDX) with positive-ion electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry ((+) ESI HR MS) to investigate the difference between the composition of the nitrogen-containing species and the functional groups before and after hydrotreatment. The solvent and additive were optimized for HDX (+) ESI HRMS through systematic evaluations on model nitrogen-containing compounds. We found that adding deuterated water (D2O) and deuterated formic acid (DCOOD) significantly increased the degree of HDX and thus facilitated the identification of nitrogen functional groups. After application to the hydrotreated petroleum samples, the compositional variation of intermediate amine compounds during the heavy petroleum hydrotreatment process was clearly revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing & Petroleum Molecular Engineering Center (PMEC), China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China.
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Kondyli A, Schrader W. Evaluation of the combination of different atmospheric pressure ionization sources for the analysis of extremely complex mixtures. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2020; 34:e8676. [PMID: 31773793 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Characterization of complex samples remains a challenging task due to the high number of compounds present. Matrix effects, ion discrimination and suppression are limiting factors which force the use of different methods for the same sample to gain a broad understanding of complex mixtures. METHODS Various ionization techniques such as electrospray ionization (ESI), atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) have been used in various problems for complex mixture analysis. Especially demanding is the analysis of energy-related hydrocarbon mixtures, such as crude oil. Here, the different ionization sources alone and in combination with each other have been used on an ultrahigh resolution Orbitrap mass spectrometer to study a light crude oil. RESULTS Despite the great variety of the available ionization sources, there is no single technique which can fully characterize the crude oil. Each ionization technique shows a selectivity towards specific types of compounds. While ESI is the method of choice for the detection of polar compounds, APPI and APCI favor the detection of nonpolar and low-to-medium polar compounds, respectively. The combination of ESI/APPI favors hydrocarbons and oxygen-containing species. CONCLUSIONS Combining different ionization methods can be used as an alternative in order to gain more information about compounds present in a complex mixture although a combination of different ion sources could enhance suppression effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Kondyli
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schrader
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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Cho E, Riches E, Palmer M, Giles K, Ujma J, Kim S. Isolation of Crude Oil Peaks Differing by m/z ∼0.1 via Tandem Mass Spectrometry Using a Cyclic Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometer. Anal Chem 2019; 91:14268-14274. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eunji Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Eleanor Riches
- Waters Corporation, Stamford Avenue, Altrincham Road, Wilmslow SK9 4AX, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Palmer
- Waters Corporation, Stamford Avenue, Altrincham Road, Wilmslow SK9 4AX, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Giles
- Waters Corporation, Stamford Avenue, Altrincham Road, Wilmslow SK9 4AX, United Kingdom
| | - Jakub Ujma
- Waters Corporation, Stamford Avenue, Altrincham Road, Wilmslow SK9 4AX, United Kingdom
| | - Sunghwan Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Green-Nano Materials Research Center, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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Le Maître J, Hubert-Roux M, Paupy B, Marceau S, Rüger CP, Afonso C, Giusti P. Structural analysis of heavy oil fractions after hydrodenitrogenation by high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry and ion mobility spectrometry. Faraday Discuss 2019; 218:417-430. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fd00239h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify and characterize compounds that are refractory to the hydrodenitrogenation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johann Le Maître
- Normandie Université
- COBRA
- UMR 6014 et FR 3038
- Université de Rouen
- INSA de Rouen
| | - Marie Hubert-Roux
- Normandie Université
- COBRA
- UMR 6014 et FR 3038
- Université de Rouen
- INSA de Rouen
| | - Benoît Paupy
- TOTAL Refining & Chemicals
- Total Research & Technology Gonfreville
- 76700 Harfleur
- France
- International Joint Laboratory – iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization
| | - Sabrina Marceau
- TOTAL Refining & Chemicals
- Total Research & Technology Gonfreville
- 76700 Harfleur
- France
- International Joint Laboratory – iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization
| | | | - Carlos Afonso
- Normandie Université
- COBRA
- UMR 6014 et FR 3038
- Université de Rouen
- INSA de Rouen
| | - Pierre Giusti
- TOTAL Refining & Chemicals
- Total Research & Technology Gonfreville
- 76700 Harfleur
- France
- International Joint Laboratory – iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization
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Liu F, Darjani S, Akhmetkhanova N, Maldarelli C, Banerjee S, Pauchard V. Mixture Effect on the Dilatation Rheology of Asphaltenes-Laden Interfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:1927-1942. [PMID: 28117591 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b03958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Asphaltenes are a solubility class of crude oils comprising polyaromatic and heterocyclic molecules with different interfacial activities. The previously neglected effects of compositional mixture on dilatational rheology are discussed in the light of diffusional relaxation models. It is demonstrated that the reported deviations from the Lucassen-van den Tempel model for a single-component solution could largely originate from a distribution in adsorption coefficients within the asphaltenes class. This particularly applies to the peculiar gel point rheology previously ascribed to asphaltenes cross-linking at the interface. Furthermore, an extensive bibliographical review shows that asphaltenes dilatational rheology data always verify the main features of diffusional relaxation, including a decrease in modulus at high bulk concentrations and phase shift values always lower than 45°. Using diffusional relaxation concepts, the reanalysis of the most extensive dataset so far confirmed recently published studies, showing that asphaltenes exhibit a unique equation of state (EOS) irrespective of adsorption conditions. This EOS proves to be very similar for bitumen and petroleum asphaltenes. Finally, a numerical application of a binary diffusional model proved efficient to capture both dynamic interfacial tension and dilatational rheology, with the same parameters. It appears that a minority of asphaltenes (less than 10%) have a much stronger interfacial activity than the bulk of them, as previously demonstrated by fractionation. These results open up the need for a reinterpretation of the physical mechanisms of asphaltenes adsorption in terms of classical amphiphilic behavior, with a potential impact on emulsion breaking and enhanced oil recovery strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- Energy Institute, ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, and §Levich Institute, City College of New York , New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Shaghayegh Darjani
- Energy Institute, ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, and §Levich Institute, City College of New York , New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Nelya Akhmetkhanova
- Energy Institute, ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, and §Levich Institute, City College of New York , New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Charles Maldarelli
- Energy Institute, ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, and §Levich Institute, City College of New York , New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Sanjoy Banerjee
- Energy Institute, ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, and §Levich Institute, City College of New York , New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Vincent Pauchard
- Energy Institute, ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, and §Levich Institute, City College of New York , New York, New York 10031, United States
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10
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De León J, Velásquez AM, Hoyos BA. A stochastic method for asphaltene structure formulation from experimental data: avoidance of implausible structures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:9934-9944. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp06380b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We present a sequential-stochastic algorithm to propose asphaltene molecular representations from experimental data, avoiding the pentane effect and following Clar's sextet rule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer De León
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia – Sede Medellín
- Facultad de Minas
- Departamento de Procesos y Energía
- 050041 Medellín
- Colombia
| | - Ana M. Velásquez
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia – Sede Medellín
- Facultad de Minas
- Departamento de Procesos y Energía
- 050041 Medellín
- Colombia
| | - Bibian A. Hoyos
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia – Sede Medellín
- Facultad de Minas
- Departamento de Procesos y Energía
- 050041 Medellín
- Colombia
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11
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Molecular Structure and Association Behavior of Petroleum Asphaltene. STRUCTURE AND BONDING 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/430_2015_181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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