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Huang Y, Ning L, Zhang X, Zhou Q, Gong Q, Zhang Q. Stimuli-fluorochromic smart organic materials. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:1090-1166. [PMID: 38193263 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00976e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Smart materials based on stimuli-fluorochromic π-conjugated solids (SFCSs) have aroused significant interest due to their versatile and exciting properties, leading to advanced applications. In this review, we highlight the recent developments in SFCS-based smart materials, expanding beyond organometallic compounds and light-responsive organic luminescent materials, with a discussion on the design strategies, exciting properties and stimuli-fluorochromic mechanisms along with their potential applications in the exciting fields of encryption, sensors, data storage, display, green printing, etc. The review comprehensively covers single-component and multi-component SFCSs as well as their stimuli-fluorochromic behaviors under external stimuli. We also provide insights into current achievements, limitations, and major challenges as well as future opportunities, aiming to inspire further investigation in this field in the near future. We expect this review to inspire more innovative research on SFCSs and their advanced applications so as to promote further development of smart materials and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinjuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Lijian Ning
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Qian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Qiuyu Gong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Qichun Zhang
- Department Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry & Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China.
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Wang Y, Liu H, Chen Z, Pu S. Aggregation-induced emission enhancement (AIEE)-active tetraphenylethene (TPE)-based chemosensor for CN . SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 245:118928. [PMID: 32950857 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
An aggregation-induced emission enhancement (AIEE)-active fluorescent sensor has been successfully designed and synthesized, combining the AIE effect of tetraphenylethylene (TPE) with the cyanide acceptor of phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazole. The sensor exhibits not only the property of AIEE in DCM/n-hexane or THF/H2O, but also the phenomenon of mechanofluorochromic (MFC). It displays large Stokes shift (107 nm) due to the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) process. The cation of CN- boosts the ICT process to make the greater Stokes shift (184 nm) with the fluorescent color vary from blue-green to sodium-yellow and visually turning from light yellow to dark yellow in the naked eyes. The results of Job's plot, ESI-MS and the DFT calculations provide the stoichiometric ratio and electronic properties of the sensor. Furthermore, the sensor could be applied to qualitative and quantitative detection of CN- on test paper strips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilan Wang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, PR China
| | - Hongliang Liu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, PR China.
| | - Zhao Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, PR China
| | - Shouzhi Pu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, PR China; Department of Ecology and Environment, Yuzhang Normal University, Nanchang 330103, PR China.
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Li E, Jie K, Liu M, Sheng X, Zhu W, Huang F. Vapochromic crystals: understanding vapochromism from the perspective of crystal engineering. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:1517-1544. [PMID: 32016241 DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00098d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Vapochromic materials, which undergo colour and/or emission changes upon exposure to certain vapours or gases, have received increasing attention recently because of their wide range of applications in, e.g., chemical sensors, light-emitting diodes, and environmental monitors. Vapochromic crystals, as a specific kind of vapochromic materials, can be investigated from the perspective of crystal engineering to understand the mechanism of vapochromism. Moreover, understanding the vapochromism mechanism will be beneficial to design and prepare task-specific vapochromic crystals as one kind of low-cost 'electronic nose' to detect toxic gases or volatile organic compounds. This review provides important information in a broad scientific context to develop new vapochromic materials, which covers organometallic or coordination complexes and organic crystals, as well as the different mechanisms of the related vapochromic behaviour. In addition, recent examples of supramolecular vapochromic crystals and metal-organic-framework (MOFs) vapochromic crystals are introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Errui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China.
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Sun T, Zhao F, Xi G, Gong J, Sun M, Dong C, Qiu J. Efficient solid-state emission and reversible mechanofluorochromism of a tetraphenylethene-pyrene-based β-diketonate boron complex. RSC Adv 2019; 9:19641-19647. [PMID: 35519383 PMCID: PMC9065408 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra03847g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A new twisted donor–acceptor (D–A) dye (BF2-TP) that was composed of tetraphenylethene and pyrene connected with a β-diketonate boron moiety has been synthesized and characterized. Such a dye showed unique intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) features, which were evidenced by spectral analysis and theoretical calculations. More importantly, BF2-TP solid samples exhibited an obvious mechanofluorochromic (MFC) behavior. Upon grinding with a spatula, the as-prepared powder sample illustrated a remarkable red shift of 62 nm, with considerable color contrast from yellow (562 nm) to orange red (624 nm). Its fluorescence color can be reversibly switched by repeating both the grinding–fuming and grinding–annealing processes. The mechanochromism is attributed to the phase transformation between amorphous and crystalline states. The results obtained would be helpful for designing novel MFC materials. A new twisted dye (BF2-TP) was synthesized, it possesses distinct mechanofluorochromism with large spectral shift of 62 nm.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Sun
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Guizhou Education University
- P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Anyang Normal University
| | - Feng Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Guizhou Education University
- P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Anyang Normal University
| | - Gaolei Xi
- Technology Ceter
- China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co., Ltd
- Zhengzhou 450000
- P. R. China
| | - Jian Gong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Anyang Normal University
- Anyang 455000
- P. R. China
| | - Mengyu Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Anyang Normal University
- Anyang 455000
- P. R. China
| | - Chang Dong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Anyang Normal University
- Anyang 455000
- P. R. China
| | - Jingyi Qiu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Anyang Normal University
- Anyang 455000
- P. R. China
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5
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Gao Z, Wang K, Liu F, Feng C, He X, Li J, Yang B, Zou B, Lu P. Enhanced Sensitivity and Piezochromic Contrast through Single-Direction Extension of Molecular Structure. Chemistry 2016; 23:773-777. [PMID: 27796058 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201604923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials; Jilin University; Qianjin Street No. 2699 Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Kai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials; Jilin University; Qianjin Street No. 2699 Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Fangming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials; Jilin University; Qianjin Street No. 2699 Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Cunfang Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials; Jilin University; Qianjin Street No. 2699 Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Xin He
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials; Jilin University; Qianjin Street No. 2699 Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Jinyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials; Jilin University; Qianjin Street No. 2699 Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Bing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials; Jilin University; Qianjin Street No. 2699 Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Bo Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials; Jilin University; Qianjin Street No. 2699 Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Ping Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials; Jilin University; Qianjin Street No. 2699 Changchun 130012 P. R. China
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Zhao H, Wang Y, Harrington S, Ma L, Hu S, Wu X, Tang H, Xue M, Wang Y. Remarkable substitution influence on the mechanochromism of cyanostilbene derivatives. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra14707k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Well-designed full-color emission, AIE, CIEE-active luminogens and high contrast mechanochromic behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Engineering Research Center of Materials-oriented Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan
- Key Laboratory of Materials-oriented Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region
- Shihezi University
- Shihezi
| | - Yongtao Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Engineering Research Center of Materials-oriented Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan
- Key Laboratory of Materials-oriented Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region
- Shihezi University
- Shihezi
| | - Steven Harrington
- Tianjin International Center of Nanoparticles and Nanosystem
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- P. R. China
| | - Lei Ma
- Tianjin International Center of Nanoparticles and Nanosystem
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- P. R. China
| | - Shuzhi Hu
- Key Lab for Fuel Cell Technology of Guangdong Province
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Xue Wu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams
- Dalian University of Technology
- Ministry of Education
- Dalian 116024
- P. R. China
| | - Huan Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Engineering Research Center of Materials-oriented Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan
- Key Laboratory of Materials-oriented Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region
- Shihezi University
- Shihezi
| | - Mei Xue
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Engineering Research Center of Materials-oriented Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan
- Key Laboratory of Materials-oriented Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region
- Shihezi University
- Shihezi
| | - Yubin Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Engineering Research Center of Materials-oriented Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan
- Key Laboratory of Materials-oriented Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region
- Shihezi University
- Shihezi
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7
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Ma Z, Wang Z, Meng X, Ma Z, Xu Z, Ma Y, Jia X. A Mechanochromic Single Crystal: Turning Two Color Changes into a Tricolored Switch. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 55:519-22. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201507197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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8
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Ma Z, Wang Z, Meng X, Ma Z, Xu Z, Ma Y, Jia X. A Mechanochromic Single Crystal: Turning Two Color Changes into a Tricolored Switch. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201507197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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9
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Mei J, Leung NLC, Kwok RTK, Lam JWY, Tang BZ. Aggregation-Induced Emission: Together We Shine, United We Soar! Chem Rev 2015; 115:11718-940. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5139] [Impact Index Per Article: 571.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ju Mei
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, Hi-Tech
Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Department of Chemistry,
HKUST Jockey Club Institute for Advanced Study, Institute of Molecular
Functional Materials, Division of Biomedical Engineering, State Key
Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nelson L. C. Leung
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, Hi-Tech
Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Department of Chemistry,
HKUST Jockey Club Institute for Advanced Study, Institute of Molecular
Functional Materials, Division of Biomedical Engineering, State Key
Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ryan T. K. Kwok
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, Hi-Tech
Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Department of Chemistry,
HKUST Jockey Club Institute for Advanced Study, Institute of Molecular
Functional Materials, Division of Biomedical Engineering, State Key
Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jacky W. Y. Lam
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, Hi-Tech
Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Department of Chemistry,
HKUST Jockey Club Institute for Advanced Study, Institute of Molecular
Functional Materials, Division of Biomedical Engineering, State Key
Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, Hi-Tech
Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Department of Chemistry,
HKUST Jockey Club Institute for Advanced Study, Institute of Molecular
Functional Materials, Division of Biomedical Engineering, State Key
Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Guangdong
Innovative Research Team, SCUT-HKUST Joint Research Laboratory, State
Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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10
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Dong YQ, Lam JWY, Tang BZ. Mechanochromic Luminescence of Aggregation-Induced Emission Luminogens. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:3429-36. [PMID: 26268912 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b01090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Mechanochromic (MC) luminogens have found promising applications in mechanosensors, security papers, and optical storage for their change in emission behaviors in response to mechanical stimuli. Examples on MC luminescent materials are rare before the discovery of MC luminescence in aggregation-induced emission (AIE) luminogens. The twisted conformations of AIE luminogens (AIEgens) with appropriate crystallization capability afford loosely packing patterns, which facilitates their phase transformation in the solid state. The amorphous films of AIEgens exhibit enhanced emission intensity upon pressurization due to the increased molecular interactions, whereas crystals of AIEgens exhibit MC luminescence due to their amorphization by mechanical stimuli. AIEgens enrich the type of MC luminogens but those showing high emission contrast and multicolor emission switching and those working in a turn-on emission mode are seldom reported. Disclosure of the design strategy of high performance MC luminogens and exploration of their high-tech applications may be the future research directions for MC luminogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Qiang Dong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University , Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Jacky W Y Lam
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute for Advanced Study, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials and Division of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute , No. 9 Yuexing first RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen 518057, P. R. China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute for Advanced Study, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials and Division of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute , No. 9 Yuexing first RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen 518057, P. R. China
- Guangdong Innovative Research Team, SCUT-HKUST Joint Research Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
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Zhang Y, Kong L, Shi J, Tong B, Zhi J, Feng X, Dong Y. Aggregation-Induced Emission of Hexaphenyl-1,3-butadiene. CHINESE J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201500116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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12
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Mechanically Induced Multicolor Change of Luminescent Materials. Chemphyschem 2015; 16:1811-28. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201500181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Zhang Y, Han T, Gu S, Zhou T, Zhao C, Guo Y, Feng X, Tong B, Bing J, Shi J, Zhi J, Dong Y. Mechanochromic behavior of aryl-substituted buta-1,3-diene derivatives with aggregation enhanced emission. Chemistry 2014; 20:8856-61. [PMID: 24920471 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201403132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Three tetra-aryl substituted 1,3-butadiene derivatives with aggregation enhanced emission (AEE) and mechanochromic fluorescence behavior have been rationally designed and synthesized. The results suggest an effective design strategy for developing diverse materials with aggregation induced emission (AIE) and significant mechanochromic performance by employing D-π-A structures with large dipole moments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijia Zhang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Beijing, 100081 (P.R. China)
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