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Lodowski P, Jaworska M. Theoretical Investigation of Iridium Complex with Aggregation-Induced Emission Properties. Molecules 2024; 29:580. [PMID: 38338325 PMCID: PMC10856369 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29030580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of aggregation-induced emission (AIE) for the bis(1-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1H-pyrazole)(2-(20-hydroxyphenyl)-2-oxazoline)iridium(III) complex, denoted as Ir(dfppz)2(oz), was investigated with use DFT and the TD-DFT level of theory. The mechanism of radiationless deactivation of the triplet state was elucidated. Such a mechanism requires an additional, photophysical triplet channel of the internal conversion (IC) type, which is activated as a result of intramolecular motion deforming the structure of the oz ligand and distorting the iridium coordination sphere. Formally, the rotational movement of the oxazoline relative to the C-C bond in the oz ligand is the main active coordinate that leads to the opening of the triplet channel. The rotation of the oxazoline group and the elongation of the Ir-Nox bond cause a transition between the luminescent, low-lying triplet state with a d/π→π* characteristic (T1(eq)), and the radiationless d→d triplet state (T1(Ir)). This transition is made possible by the low energy barrier, which, based on calculations, was estimated at approximately 8.5 kcal/mol. Dimerization, or generally aggregation of the complex molecules, blocks the intramolecular movement in the ligand and is responsible for a strong increase in the energy barrier for the T1(eq)⇝T1(Ir) conversion of triplet states. Thus, the aggregation phenomenon blocks the nonradiative deactivation channel of the excited states and, consequently, contributes to directing the photophysical process toward phosphorescence. The mechanism involved in locking the nonradiative triplet path can be called restricted access to singlet-triplet crossing (RASTC).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Jaworska
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia in Katowice, Szkolna 9, 40-006 Katowice, Poland;
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2
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Wang S, Ma L, Wang S, Wang Y, Liu G, Wang H. White light-induced AIEgen polyurethane films containing Schiff base copper( ii) complexes for synergistic chemo/photodynamic antibacterial therapy. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00061j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Polyurethane films containing AIEgens and copper complexes can act as a potential antibacterial agent for multi-mode combined antibacterial therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Wang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Li Ma
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Shuang Wang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
- The Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Yazhou Wang
- Sinopec, Shengli Oilfield, Chunliang Oil Prod Plant, Dongying 256600, Shangdong, China
| | - Gongyan Liu
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
- The Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Haibo Wang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
- The Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
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Fritze L, Fest M, Helbig A, Bischof T, Krummenacher I, Braunschweig H, Finze M, Helten H. Boron-Doped α-Oligo- and Polyfurans: Highly Luminescent Hybrid Materials, Color-Tunable through the Doping Density. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lars Fritze
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Fest
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Helbig
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Bischof
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maik Finze
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Holger Helten
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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4
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Dong X, Wang H, Huo J, Liu S, Shi H, Cheng F, Tang BZ. Synthesis, crystal structure, aggregation-induced emission enhancement and electroluminescence properties of a novel compound containing carbazole and triarylborane groups. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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5
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Riensch NA, Swoboda L, Lik A, Krummenacher I, Braunschweig H, Helten H. Conjugated Bis(triarylboranes) with Disconnected Conjugation. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202000476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Alexander Riensch
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB) Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Lukas Swoboda
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB) Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Artur Lik
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB) Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB) Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB) Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Holger Helten
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB) Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
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Riensch NA, Fest M, Fritze L, Helbig A, Krummenacher I, Braunschweig H, Helten H. Bifuran-bridged bisboranes: highly luminescent B-doped oligohetarenes. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj04297h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Boron-doping of oligohetarenes – via classical metathesis or silicon/boron exchange routes – led to strongly luminescent and twofold reversibly reducible oligomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Alexander Riensch
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Fest
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lars Fritze
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Helbig
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Holger Helten
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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Shen P, Zhuang Z, Jiang XF, Li J, Yao S, Zhao Z, Tang BZ. Through-Space Conjugation: An Effective Strategy for Stabilizing Intramolecular Charge-Transfer States. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:2648-2656. [PMID: 31050901 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b01040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) has significant impacts on organic optoelectronic materials, photochemistry, biotechnology, and so on. However, it is hard to stabilize the ICT state because of the rapid nonradiative charge recombination process, which often quenches light emission. In this work, we use new foldamers of the protonated pyridine-modified tetraphenylethene derivatives that possess through-space conjugation (TSC) characters as the models to study the impact of TSC on the ICT state. Steady and transient spectroscopies illustrate that the lifetime of the ICT state in the molecule with strong TSC can be much longer than those of molecules without TSC, giving rise to a higher fluorescence quantum yield. By combining the theoretical calculations, we demonstrate that the strong TSC can stabilize the ICT state and slow the charge recombination rate by more efficiently dispersing charges. This is a conceptually new design strategy for functional optoelectronic materials that require more stable ICT states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingchuan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Zeyan Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Xiao-Fang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Jinshi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Shunan Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Zujin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction , The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology , Clear Water Bay , Kowloon , Hong Kong , China
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10
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Purba PC, Bhattacharyya S, Maity M, Mukhopadhyay S, Howlader P, Mukherjee PS. Linkage induced enhancement of fluorescence in metal-carbene bond directed metallacycles and metallacages. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:8309-8312. [PMID: 31251310 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc04444b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Two new 1,4-dihydropyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole based aggregation induced emission (AIE)-inactive di- and tetra-imidazolium salts were employed with Ag(i) for the synthesis of a Ag-carbene bond directed metallacycle (1) and metallacage (2), respectively. Transmetalation of these complexes allowed their facile conversion to their respective Au(i)-metallacycle (3) and metallacage (4). The final assemblies exhibit linkage induced enhancement of fluorescence (LIEF). The free ligands are almost non-fluorescent (ΦF = 3.2, 3.4) in comparison to their metal-carbene counterparts (ΦF up to 32.0). Thus, without using any AIEgen, obtaining high emission efficiencies in complexes AgI-CNHC (1, 2) via linkage is a nice approach towards turn-on fluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prioti Choudhury Purba
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
| | - Soumalya Bhattacharyya
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
| | - Manoranjan Maity
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
| | - Sujay Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
| | - Prodip Howlader
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
| | - Partha Sarathi Mukherjee
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
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Taguchi D, Nakamura T, Horiuchi H, Saikawa M, Nabeshima T. Synthesis and Unique Optical Properties of Selenophenyl BODIPYs and Their Linear Oligomers. J Org Chem 2018; 83:5331-5337. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Taguchi
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences and Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakamura
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences and Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Horiuchi
- Division of Molecular Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Makoto Saikawa
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences and Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Nabeshima
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences and Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
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Triarylamines with branched multi-pyridine groups: modulation of emission properties by structural variation, solvents, and tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane. Sci China Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-017-9202-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Riensch NA, Fritze L, Schindler T, Kremer M, Helten H. Difuryl(supermesityl)borane: a versatile building block for extended π-conjugated materials. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:10399-10403. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt01716f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
B-Doping of oligo(hetarene)s led to very robust, air-stable π-conjugated materials that are strong electron-acceptors and blue light emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas A. Riensch
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52056 Aachen
- Germany
| | - Lars Fritze
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52056 Aachen
- Germany
| | - Tobias Schindler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52056 Aachen
- Germany
| | - Marius Kremer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52056 Aachen
- Germany
| | - Holger Helten
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52056 Aachen
- Germany
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Denisova AV, Tibbelin J, Emanuelsson R, Ottosson H. A Computational Investigation of the Substituent Effects on Geometric, Electronic, and Optical Properties of Siloles and 1,4-Disilacyclohexa-2,5-dienes. Molecules 2017; 22:E370. [PMID: 28264524 PMCID: PMC6155320 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22030370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Thirty two differently substituted siloles 1a-1p and 1,4-disilacyclohexa-2,5-dienes 2a-2p were investigated by quantum chemical calculations using the PBE0 hybrid density functional theory (DFT) method. The substituents included σ-electron donating and withdrawing, as well as π-electron donating and withdrawing groups, and their effects when placed at the Si atom(s) or at the C atoms were examined. Focus was placed on geometries, frontier orbital energies and the energies of the first allowed electronic excitations. We analyzed the variation in energies between the orbitals which correspond to HOMO and LUMO for the two parent species, here represented as ΔεHL, motivated by the fact that the first allowed transitions involve excitation between these orbitals. Even though ΔεHL and the excitation energies are lower for siloles than for 1,4-disilacyclohexa-2,5-dienes the latter display significantly larger variations with substitution. The ΔεHL of the siloles vary within 4.57-5.35 eV (ΔΔεHL = 0.78 eV) while for the 1,4-disilacyclohexa-2,5-dienes the range is 5.49-7.15 eV (ΔΔεHL = 1.66 eV). The excitation energy of the first allowed transitions display a moderate variation for siloles (3.60-4.41 eV) whereas the variation for 1,4-disilacyclohexa-2,5-dienes is nearly doubled (4.69-6.21 eV). Cyclobutadisiloles combine the characteristics of siloles and 1,4-disilacyclohexa-2,5-diene by having even lower excitation energies than siloles yet also extensive variation in excitation energies to substitution of 1,4-disilacyclohexa-2,5-dienes (3.47-4.77 eV, variation of 1.30 eV).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra V Denisova
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Julius Tibbelin
- Department of Chemistry-BMC, Uppsala University, Box 576, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Rikard Emanuelsson
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Box 534, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Henrik Ottosson
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden.
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