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Wang W, Cao J, Yu J, Tian F, Luo X, Hao Y, Huang J, Wang F, Zhou W, Xu J, Liu X, Yang H. Flexible Supercapacitors Based on Stretchable Conducting Polymer Electrodes. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15081856. [PMID: 37112003 PMCID: PMC10144423 DOI: 10.3390/polym15081856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Supercapacitors are widely used in various fields due to their high power density, fast charging and discharging speeds, and long service life. However, with the increasing demand for flexible electronics, integrated supercapacitors in devices are also facing more challenges, such as extensibility, bending stability, and operability. Despite many reports on stretchable supercapacitors, challenges still exist in their preparation process, which involves multiple steps. Therefore, we prepared stretchable conducting polymer electrodes by depositing thiophene and 3-methylthiophene on patterned 304 stainless steel (SS 304) through electropolymerization. The cycling stability of the prepared stretchable electrodes could be further improved by protecting them with poly(vinyl alcohol)/sulfuric acid (PVA/H2SO4) gel electrolyte. Specifically, the mechanical stability of the polythiophene (PTh) electrode was improved by 2.5%, and the stability of the poly(3-methylthiophene (P3MeT) electrode was improved by 7.0%. As a result, the assembled flexible supercapacitors maintained 93% of their stability even after 10,000 cycles of strain at 100%, which indicates potential applications in flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Wang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Flexible Electronics Innovation Institute, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Jie Cao
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Flexible Electronics Innovation Institute, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Jiawen Yu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Flexible Electronics Innovation Institute, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Fajuan Tian
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Flexible Electronics Innovation Institute, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Xiaoyu Luo
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Flexible Electronics Innovation Institute, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Yiting Hao
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Jiyan Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Fucheng Wang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Flexible Electronics Innovation Institute, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Weiqiang Zhou
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Flexible Electronics Innovation Institute, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Jingkun Xu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Flexible Electronics Innovation Institute, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Ximei Liu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Flexible Electronics Innovation Institute, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Hanjun Yang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Flexible Electronics Innovation Institute, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
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Isoindigo-Thiophene D-A-D-Type Conjugated Polymers: Electrosynthesis and Electrochromic Performances. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032219. [PMID: 36768544 PMCID: PMC9916795 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Four novel isoindigo-thiophene D-A-D-type precursors are synthesized by Stille coupling and electrosynthesized to yield corresponding hybrid polymers with favorable electrochemical and electrochromic performances. Intrinsic structure-property relationships of precursors and corresponding polymers, including surface morphology, band gaps, electrochemical properties, and electrochromic behaviors, are systematically investigated. The resultant isoindigo-thiophene D-A-D-type polymer combines the merits of isoindigo and polythiophene, including the excellent stability of isoindigo-based polymers and the extraordinary electrochromic stability of polythiophene. The low onset oxidation potential of precursors ranges from 1.10 to 1.15 V vs. Ag/AgCl, contributing to the electrodeposition of high-quality polymer films. Further kinetic studies illustrate that isoindigo-thiophene D-A-D-type polymers possess favorable electrochromic performances, including high optical contrast (53%, 1000 nm), fast switching time (0.8 s), and high coloration efficiency (124 cm2 C-1). These features of isoindigo-thiophene D-A-D-type conjugated polymers could provide a possibility for rational design and application as electrochromic materials.
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Ming S, Zhang Y, Lin K, Zhao J, Zhang Y. Large-fused-ring-based D-A type electrochromic polymer with magenta/yellowish green/cyan three-color transitions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:1970-1976. [PMID: 36541439 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04987b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Large-fused-ring-based conjugated polymers possess wide application prospects in optoelectronic devices due to their high charge transport and wide optical absorption. In this paper, three low-bandgap donor-acceptor (D-A) type polymers PBIT-X (X = 1, 2, 3) based on alkylated benzodithiophene and tris(thienothiophene) as donors and thiadiazol-quinoxaline as an acceptor were synthesized via Stille coupling polymerization at different (donor/acceptor) D/A molar feed ratios. The band gaps of PBIT-1, PBIT-2, PBIT-3 were 1.10 eV, 1.04 eV and 1.02 eV, respectively. Spectroelectrochemistry studies showed that the three D-A type polymers have dual bands located in visible and near-infrared regions in the neutral state. The three D-A type polymers possess good electrochromic properties, such as an optical contrast of 56% and response time of 0.3 s. In particular, PBIT-3 could achieve three color changes from magenta to yellowish green to cyan during the oxidation process. The results indicate that these D-A type conjugated polymers based on large fused-ring units exhibit multiple color changes, endowing them with huge potential applications in visible and near-infrared electrochromic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouli Ming
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, P. R. China.
| | - Yuling Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, P. R. China.
| | - Kaiwen Lin
- Department of Materials and Food, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Zhongshan Institute, Zhongshan 528402, P. R. China
| | - Jinsheng Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, P. R. China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, P. R. China.
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Lin K, Wu C, Zhang G, Wu Z, Tang S, Lin Y, Li X, Jiang Y, Lin H, Wang Y, Ming S, Lu B. Toward High-Performance Electrochromic Conjugated Polymers: Influence of Local Chemical Environment and Side-Chain Engineering. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238424. [PMID: 36500516 PMCID: PMC9741092 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Three homologous electrochromic conjugated polymers, each containing an asymmetric building block but decorated with distinct alkyl chains, were designed and synthesized using electrochemical polymerization in this study. The corresponding monomers, namely T610FBTT810, DT6FBT, and DT48FBT, comprise the same backbone structure, i.e., an asymmetric 5-fluorobenzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole unit substituted by two thiophene terminals, but were decorated with different types of alkyl chain (hexyl, 2-butyloctyl, 2-hexyldecyl, or 2-octyldecyl). The effects of the side-chain structure and asymmetric repeating unit on the optical absorption, electrochemistry, morphology, and electrochromic properties were investigated comparatively. It was found that the electrochromism conjugated polymer, originating from DT6FBT with the shortest and linear alkyl chain, exhibits the best electrochromic performance with a 25% optical contrast ratio and a 0.3 s response time. The flexible electrochromic device of PDT6FBT achieved reversible colors of navy and cyan between the neutral and oxidized states, consistent with the non-device phenomenon. These results demonstrate that subtle modification of the side chain is able to change the electrochromic properties of conjugated polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiwen Lin
- Department of Materials and Food, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Zhongshan Institute, Zhongshan 528402, China
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
- Correspondence: (K.L.); (Y.W.); (S.M.); Tel.: +86-0760-8832-5742 (K.L.); Fax: +86-791-8382-3320 (K.L.)
| | - Changjun Wu
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Guangyao Zhang
- Department of Materials and Food, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Zhongshan Institute, Zhongshan 528402, China
| | - Zhixin Wu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Flexible Electronics Innovation Institute, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Shiting Tang
- Department of Materials and Food, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Zhongshan Institute, Zhongshan 528402, China
| | - Yingxin Lin
- Department of Materials and Food, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Zhongshan Institute, Zhongshan 528402, China
| | - Xinye Li
- Department of Materials and Food, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Zhongshan Institute, Zhongshan 528402, China
| | - Yuying Jiang
- Department of Materials and Food, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Zhongshan Institute, Zhongshan 528402, China
| | - Hengjia Lin
- Department of Materials and Food, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Zhongshan Institute, Zhongshan 528402, China
| | - Yuehui Wang
- Department of Materials and Food, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Zhongshan Institute, Zhongshan 528402, China
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
- Correspondence: (K.L.); (Y.W.); (S.M.); Tel.: +86-0760-8832-5742 (K.L.); Fax: +86-791-8382-3320 (K.L.)
| | - Shouli Ming
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
- Correspondence: (K.L.); (Y.W.); (S.M.); Tel.: +86-0760-8832-5742 (K.L.); Fax: +86-791-8382-3320 (K.L.)
| | - Baoyang Lu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Flexible Electronics Innovation Institute, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
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Lin K, Chen H, Liang H, Tan J, Zhou D, Zhang X, Liu F, Wang YH. Benzotriazole-EDOT electrochromic conjugated polymers perform sub-second response time and 774 cm2C-1 coloration efficiency. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj02879d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the effect of double fluorine substitution on the optical, electrochemical, thermodynamic, morphological and electrochromic properties of electrochromic polymers, two benzotriazole-EDOT electrochromic conjugated polymers of PBTz-E and P2F-BTz-E were...
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Stable low-bandgap isoindigo-bisEDOT copolymer with superior electrochromic performance in NIR window. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Jadoun S, Rathore DS, Riaz U, Chauhan NPS. Tailoring of conducting polymers via copolymerization – A review. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Hu B. Neutral Black Color Showing Electrochromic Copolymer based on Dithienopyrroles and Benzothiadiazole Derivatives. ECS JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021; 10:076003. [DOI: 10.1149/2162-8777/ac10b9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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Lin K, Li C, Tao W, Huang J, Wu Q, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Wang D, Liu X. Electrochemical Synthesis and Electro-Optical Properties of Dibenzothiophene/Thiophene Conjugated Polymers With Stepwise Enhanced Conjugation Lengths. Front Chem 2020; 8:819. [PMID: 33102439 PMCID: PMC7505771 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of six conjugated polymers, namely PDBT-Th, PDBT-Th:Th, PDBT-2Th, PDBT-Th:2Th, PDBT-2Th:Th, and PDBT-2Th:2Th, consisting of dibenzothiophene, thiophene, and bithiophene were electrochemically synthesized. Their electrochemical and electrochromic properties were investigated in relation to the conjugation chain lengths of the thiophene units in the conjugated backbones. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations showed that longer conjugation lengths resulted in decreased HOMO-LUMO gaps in the polymers. The optical band gaps (Eg,opt) and electrochemical band gaps (Eg,cv) were decreased from PDBT-Th to PDBT-Th:Th, however, PDBT-Th:2Th, PDBT-2Th, PDBT-2Th:Th and PDBT-2Th:2Th displayed the similar band gaps. The conjugation length increments significantly improved the electrochemical stability of the conjugated polymers and exhibited reversible color changes due to the formation of polarons and bipolarons. The results suggest that the conjugated polymers prepared herein are promising candidates for fabricating flexible organic electrochromic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiwen Lin
- Department of Materials and Food, Zhongshan Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Zhongshan, China
| | - Caiting Li
- School of Textile Materials and Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Wang Tao
- School of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Jilong Huang
- Department of Materials and Food, Zhongshan Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Zhongshan, China
| | - Qinghua Wu
- School of Textile Materials and Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Zijin Liu
- School of Textile Materials and Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Yangfan Zhang
- School of Textile Materials and Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Da Wang
- School of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Xi Liu
- School of Textile Materials and Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
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Lin K, Jian N, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Ming S, Zhen S, Jiang Q, Wang L, Wang Y, Xu J. Star-shaped trithiophene and hexathiophene functionalized truxenes: synthesis, electropolymerization, and electrochromism. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2020.104674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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12
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Fluorinated Oleophilic Electrochromic Copolymer Based on 3‐(N‐Trifluoroacetamido)thiophene and 3,4‐Ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT). ChemElectroChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202000530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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13
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Yellow-to-transmissive electrochromic poly(dibenzothiophene/dibenzofuran-bithiophene). J Solid State Electrochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-020-04623-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Lu B, Jian N, Qu K, Hu F, Liu X, Xu J, Zhao G. Stepwise enhancement on optoelectronic performances of polyselenophene via electropolymerization of mono-, bi-, and tri-selenophene. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.135974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Hao Q, Li ZJ, Lu C, Sun B, Zhong YW, Wan LJ, Wang D. Oriented Two-Dimensional Covalent Organic Framework Films for Near-Infrared Electrochromic Application. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:19831-19838. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b09956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Hao
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Juan Li
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Lu
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Bing Sun
- School of Science, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Wu Zhong
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Li-Jun Wan
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Dong Wang
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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Hu F, Xue Y, Xu J, Lu B. PEDOT-Based Conducting Polymer Actuators. Front Robot AI 2019; 6:114. [PMID: 33501129 PMCID: PMC7805747 DOI: 10.3389/frobt.2019.00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Conducting polymers, particularly poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and its complex with poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), provide a promising materials platform to develop soft actuators or artificial muscles. To date, PEDOT-based actuators are available in the field of bionics, biomedicine, smart textiles, microactuators, and other functional applications. Compared to other conducting polymers, PEDOT provides higher conductivity and chemical stability, lower density and operating voltages, and the dispersion of PEDOT with PSS further enriches performances in solubility, hydrophility, processability, and flexibility, making them advantageous in actuator-based applications. However, the actuators fabricated by PEDOT-based materials are still in their infancy, with many unknowns and challenges that require more comprehensive understanding for their current and future development. This review is aimed at providing a comprehensive understanding of the actuation mechanisms, performance evaluation criteria, processing technologies and configurations, and the most recent progress of materials development and applications. Lastly, we also elaborate on future opportunities for improving and exploiting PEDOT-based actuators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faqi Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yu Xue
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jingkun Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Baoyang Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
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Xue Z, Chen S, Gao N, Xue Y, Lu B, Watson OA, Zang L, Xu J. Structural Design and Applications of Stereoregular Fused Thiophenes and Their Oligomers and Polymers. POLYM REV 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2019.1673404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zexu Xue
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Nan Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yu Xue
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Baoyang Lu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Olivia Anielle Watson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Ling Zang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Jingkun Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
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18
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Huang W, Chen S, Yang J, El‐Harairy A, Wang X, Li M, Gu Y. Modular Synthesis of Bicyclic and Tricyclic (Aza‐) Arenes from Nucleophilic (Aza‐)Arenes with Electrophilic Side Arms via [4+2] Annulation Reactions. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201900425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Huang
- Key laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and Technology 1037 Luoyu road, Hongshan District Wuhan 430074 People's Republic of China
| | - Shaomin Chen
- Key laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and Technology 1037 Luoyu road, Hongshan District Wuhan 430074 People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Yang
- Key laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and Technology 1037 Luoyu road, Hongshan District Wuhan 430074 People's Republic of China
| | - Ahmed El‐Harairy
- Key laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and Technology 1037 Luoyu road, Hongshan District Wuhan 430074 People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- Key laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and Technology 1037 Luoyu road, Hongshan District Wuhan 430074 People's Republic of China
| | - Minghao Li
- Key laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and Technology 1037 Luoyu road, Hongshan District Wuhan 430074 People's Republic of China
| | - Yanlong Gu
- Key laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and Technology 1037 Luoyu road, Hongshan District Wuhan 430074 People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, LanzhouInstitute of Chemical Physics Lanzhou 730000 People's Republic of China
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Liang Y. A silicon-cored tetraphenyl benzene derivative with aggregation-induced emission enhancement as a fluorescent probe for nitroaromatic compounds detection. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 216:395-403. [PMID: 30921662 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Two benzene with multiple contiguous phenyl substituent derivatives, namely, 1, 2, 3, 4-tetraphenyl benzene (TPB) and bis(1,2,3,4-tetraphenylbenzene-yl) diphenylsilane (TPB-Si), were synthesized by the Knoevenagel/Diels-Alder method. TPB and TPB-Si both showed aggregation-induced emission enhancement (AIEE) properties in tetrahydrofuran/water mixtures. The fluorescence-quenching behaviors of the two compounds with different nitroaromatic compounds were also investigated. TPB and TPB-Si both showed low detection limit, high sensitivity, and high quenching efficiency in detecting nitroaromatic compounds. Furthermore, the two compounds in aggregate state exhibited much better detection abilities than in THF solution. And TPB-Si exhibited better detection ability than TPB in both solution and aggregate state. The reason could be attributed to the special tetrahedral molecular structure of TPB-Si, which was demonstrated by theoretical calculations and crystal structures. Moreover, TPB-Si in solid film also exhibited excellent detection performance to nitroaromatic explosive vapor. This work may serve as a basis for designing new organic materials with great efficiency and sensitivity in fluorescence detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong 250353, People's Republic of China.
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Yellow-to-blue switching of indole[3,2-b]carbazole-based electrochromic polymers and the corresponding electrochromic devices with outstanding photopic contrast, fast switching speed, and satisfactory cycling stability. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.02.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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21
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Jian N, Qu K, Gu H, Zou L, Liu X, Hu F, Xu J, Yu Y, Lu B. Highly fluorescent triazolopyridine-thiophene D-A-D oligomers for efficient pH sensing both in solution and in the solid state. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:7174-7182. [PMID: 30888005 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp00672a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated fluorophores have been extensively used for fluorescence sensing of various substances in the field of life processes and environmental science, due to their noninvasiveness, sensitivity, simplicity and rapidity. Most existing conjugated fluorophores exhibit excellent light-emitting performance in dilute solutions, but their properties substantially decrease or even completely vanish due to severe aggregation quenching in the solid state. Herein, we synthesize a series of triazolopyridine-thiophene donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D) type conjugated molecules with high absolute fluorescence quantum yields (ΦF) ranging from 80% to 89% in solution. These molecules also show unusual light-emitting properties in the solid state with ΦF of up to 26%. We find that owing to the protonation-deprotonation process of the pyridine ring, these compounds display obvious changes in both fluorescence wavelength and intensity upon addition of acids, and these changes can be readily recovered by the successive introduction of bases. By harnessing this phenomenon, we further show that these fluorophores can be employed for efficient and reversible fluorescence sensing of hydrogen ions in a broad pH range (0.0-7.0). With the fabrication of pH testing papers and ink-printed complex patterns including butterflies and letters on substrates, we demonstrate the application of such sensors to fluorescence indication or solid state pH detection for real samples such as volatile acidic/basic gas and water-quality analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Jian
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, Jiangxi, P. R. China.
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Shao JY, Zhong YW. Stabilization of a Cyclometalated Ruthenium Sensitizer on Nanocrystalline TiO 2 by an Electrodeposited Covalent Layer. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:3509-3517. [PMID: 30758195 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A cyclometalated ruthenium sensitizer 3 containing a triphenylamine unit was synthesized and immobilized on a nanocrystalline TiO2 surface. By using oxidative electrochemical deposition, a covalent layer of a related cyclometalated ruthenium complex 2 was coupled to the top of dye 3. Electrochemical studies suggested that complex 2 was immobilized on the TiO2/3 film surface by a tetraphenylbenzidine linker to form a dimer-like structure. The immobilization of 3 and 2 was further supported by absorption spectral analysis. The resulting electrodeposited TiO2/(3+2) film displays significantly enhanced sensitizer stabilization toward basic aqueous NaOH solution with respect to the original TiO2/3 film. The dye-sensitized solar cells with the TiO2/(3+2) photoanode display a power conversion efficiency of 4.4%, which is slightly inferior to that with the TiO2/3 film (5.1%) under the same measurement conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Yang Shao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Yu-Wu Zhong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China.,School of Chemical Sciences , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
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Li ZJ, Shao JY, Wu SH, Zhong YW. Nanocrystalline Sb-doped SnO 2 films modified with cyclometalated ruthenium complexes for two-step electrochromism. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:2197-2205. [PMID: 30675878 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt04968h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sb-Doped nanocrystalline SnO2 (SnO2:Sb) thin films functionalized with cyclometalated ruthenium complexes 1 or 2 on FTO conductive glasses have been prepared and characterized. These complexes contain a redox-active amine unit separated from the ruthenium ion by a phenyl or biphenyl linker, respectively, to modify the absorption wavelengths at different redox states. Near-infrared electrochromism of both films has been examined by oxidative spectroelectrochemical measurements and double-potential-step chronoamperometry. A contrast ratio (ΔT%) of 33% at 1070 nm and 63% at 696 nm has been achieved for the SnO2:Sb/1 film in two stepwise oxidation processes, respectively. The other film with complex 2 shows two-step electrochromism at 1310 and 806 nm with ΔT% of 36% and 76%, respectively. The response time of electrochromic switching is around a few seconds. Taking advantage of the good contrast ratio, the rapid response, and the long retention time of each oxidation state, these films have been successfully used to demonstrate surface-confined flip-flop memory functions with a high ON/OFF ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Juan Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
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Electrosynthesized alkyl-modified poly(3,4‑propylenedioxyselenophene) with superior electrochromic performances in an ionic liquid. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2018.10.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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25
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Abstract
We present four new tetraruthenium macrocycles built from two 1,4-divinylphenylene diruthenium and two isophthalic acid building blocks with peripheral, potentially mono- or tridentate donor functions attached to the isophthalic linkers. These macrocycles are characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and, in the case of the thioacetyl-appended complex 4, by X-ray crystallography. Cyclic and square wave voltammetry establish that the macrocycles can be oxidized in four consecutive redox steps that come as two pairs of two closely spaced one-electron waves. Spectroscopic changes observed during IR and UV/Vis/NIR spectroelectrochemical experiments (NIR = near infrared) show that the isophthalate linkers insulate the electroactive divinylphenylene diruthenium moieties against each other. The macrocycles exhibit nevertheless pronounced polyelectrochromism with highly intense absorptions in the Vis (2+/4+ states) and the NIR (2+ states) with extinction coefficients of up to >100,000 M−1·cm−1. The strong absorptivity enhancement with respect to the individual divinylphenylene diruthenium building blocks is attributed to conformational restrictions imposed by the macrocycle backbone. Moreover, the di- and tetracations of these macrocycles are paramagnetic as revealed by EPR spectroscopy.
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Zhang W, Zhang W, Liu H, Jian N, Qu K, Chen S, Xu J. O/W microemulsion as electrolyte for electro-polymerization of 3,4-ethylenedioxyselenophene. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Synthesis and electrochromic performances of donor-acceptor-type polymers from chalcogenodiazolo [3,4-c]pyridine and alkyl ProDOTs. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.01.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Gu H, Ming S, Lin K, Chen S, Liu X, Lu B, Xu J. Isoindigo as an electron−deficient unit for high−performance polymeric electrochromics. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Enhanced redox stability and optical contrast of electrochromic copolymers from selenophene and 3-methylthiophene. J Solid State Electrochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-017-3803-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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31
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Redox-active and electrochromic polymers from triarylamine end-capped, 2,7-bis(diphenylamino)naphthalene-cored dicarboxamides. Eur Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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32
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Yen HJ, Tsai CL, Chen SH, Liou GS. Electrochromism and Nonvolatile Memory Device Derived from Triphenylamine-Based Polyimides with Pendant Viologen Units. Macromol Rapid Commun 2017; 38. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201600715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Ju Yen
- Functional Polymeric Materials Laboratory; Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering; National Taiwan University; 1 Roosevelt Road, 4th Sec. Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Chia-Liang Tsai
- Functional Polymeric Materials Laboratory; Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering; National Taiwan University; 1 Roosevelt Road, 4th Sec. Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Shih-Han Chen
- Functional Polymeric Materials Laboratory; Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering; National Taiwan University; 1 Roosevelt Road, 4th Sec. Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Guey-Sheng Liou
- Functional Polymeric Materials Laboratory; Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering; National Taiwan University; 1 Roosevelt Road, 4th Sec. Taipei 10617 Taiwan
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