1
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Samuel Rajan IAP, Rajendran S. DABCO-catalyzed esterification of N-pivaloyl-activated amides. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:5170-5180. [PMID: 38864233 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00752b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
A previously elusive organocatalytic protocol for the esterification of amides is disclosed. DABCO (10 mol%) is identified as an effective catalyst for the esterification of N-pivaloyl amides. Although N-pivaloyl amides are nearly planar (amide bond twist (τ) = 4.54° and pyramidalization (χN = 6.39°)) and resonance stabilized, esterification is achieved with high efficiency. The developed protocol is generic, phenols, thiophenols, aliphatic alcohols, and thiols were identified as effective substrates. Furthermore, the reaction features a broad substrate scope and excellent functional group tolerance. To exemplify the practical applicability of the developed protocol, the esterification of bioactive natural products, pterostilbene and menthol, is demonstrated. In addition, a series of competitive experiments were conducted to establish the reactivity pattern of alcohols, thiols, and phenols, which could serve as selectivity principles for future synthetic design. Our findings signify a notable advancement in utilizing amides as versatile synthetic building blocks in organic synthesis under metal-free conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Angel Priya Samuel Rajan
- Dept. of Chemistry, Vellore Institute of Technology Chennai Campus, Vandalur-Kelambakkam Road, Chennai - 600127, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Saravanakumar Rajendran
- Dept. of Chemistry, Vellore Institute of Technology Chennai Campus, Vandalur-Kelambakkam Road, Chennai - 600127, Tamil Nadu, India.
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2
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Moon H, Lee S. Reductive cross-coupling of N-acyl pyrazole and nitroarene using tetrahydroxydiboron: synthesis of secondary amides. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:8329-8334. [PMID: 37795749 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01040f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
We report on a new method for the synthesis of amides using acyl pyrazoles and nitroarenes under reducing conditions. It was found that acyl pyrazoles react with organo-nitro compounds in the presence of B2(OH)4, giving the corresponding amides in good yields. We demonstrated that benzoyl pyrazoles having various substituents and nitroarenes with different substituents can be used to produce a range of N-substituted benzamides. The method shows good functional group tolerance and has potential application in the synthesis of a variety of organic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayeon Moon
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sunwoo Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Jang Y, Deng W, Sprague IS, Lindsay VNG. Divergent Synthesis of β-Fluoroamides via Silver-Catalyzed Oxidative Deconstruction of Cyclopropanone Hemiaminals. Org Lett 2023; 25:5389-5394. [PMID: 37413978 PMCID: PMC10829026 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
An expedient approach for the synthesis of challenging β-fluoroamides from readily accessible cyclopropanone equivalents is reported. Following the addition of pyrazole used here as a transient leaving group, silver-catalyzed regiospecific ring-opening fluorination of the resulting hemiaminal leads to a β-fluorinated N-acylpyrazole intermediate reactive to substitution with amines, ultimately affording β-fluoroamides. The process could also be extended to the synthesis of β-fluoroesters and γ-fluoroalcohols via the addition of alcohols or hydrides as terminal nucleophiles, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Jang
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Weixia Deng
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Ivan S. Sprague
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Vincent N. G. Lindsay
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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4
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Yamashita K, Fujiwara Y, Hamashima Y. Amide-Ligand-Promoted Silver-Catalyzed C-H Fluorination via Radical/Polar Crossover. J Org Chem 2023; 88:1865-1874. [PMID: 36688540 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
We describe an efficient method for benzylic C-H fluorination via sequential hydrogen-atom transfer (HAT) and oxidative radical-polar crossover utilizing the Ag(I)/Selectfluor system. Amide ligands, such as benzamide and sulfonamide, substantially facilitate the processes leading to a carbocation intermediate, which subsequently reacts with nucleophilic fluorinating reagent to form a C-F bond. This protocol is applicable to the fluorination of all 1°, 2°, and 3° C-H bonds as well as to late-stage C-H fluorination of bioactive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Yamashita
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Yuki Fujiwara
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Hamashima
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
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5
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Zhu SJ, Hao ZF, Pan Y, Zhou Y, Liu XL, Zhang M, Lei CW. Asymmetric Formal (3 + 2) Cyclocondensation of Coumarin-3-Formylpyrazoles as 3-Carbon Partners with 3-Hydroxyoxindoles via Esterification/Michael Addition Sequence. J Org Chem 2022; 87:15210-15223. [PMID: 36305826 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The first enantioselective formal (3 + 2) cyclocondensation involving α,β-unsaturated pyrazoleamides as 3-carbon partners was accomplished in a stepwise fashion. The stepwise esterification/Michael addition sequence is promoted by Zn(OTf)2 and quinine-squaramide derivative, respectively. The protocol enables access to spiro-fused pentacyclic spirooxindoles from coumarin-3-formylpyrazoles and 3-hydroxyoxindoles in good to satisfactory overall yields (up to 91%) with excellent dr (all cases >20:1 dr) and high ee values (up to 99%). Mechanistic investigations contributed to shedding light on the enantioselective event of the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Jie Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Feng Hao
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
| | - Ya Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
| | - Ying Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
| | - Xiong-Li Liu
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for the Exploitation of Homology Resources of Medicine and Food, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
| | - Ming Zhang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for the Exploitation of Homology Resources of Medicine and Food, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
| | - Chuan-Wen Lei
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
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6
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Park MS, Lee S. Transition-metal-catalyst-free reaction of amides and acetonitriles: synthesis of β-ketonitriles. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00884j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The first example of the coupling reaction between amide and acetonitrile for the synthesis of β-ketonitriles was developed. Various amides provide the corresponding β-ketonitriles in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeong Seong Park
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunwoo Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
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7
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Liu Y, Mo X, Majeed I, Zhang M, Wang H, Zeng Z. An Efficient and Straightforward Approach for Accessing Thioesters via Palladium-Catalyzed C-N Cleavage of Thioamides. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:1532-1537. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ob02349g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We first report the coupling of activated thioamides with alcohols to efficiently form thioesters via palladium-catalyzed C-N cleavage strategy. The new approach employs the thioamides as thioacylating reagent to give...
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8
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Photocatalytic divergent decarboxylative amination: a metal-free access to aliphatic amines and hydrazines. Sci China Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-021-1048-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Maity S, Roy A, Duari S, Biswas S, Elsharif AM, Biswas S. Brønsted Acid Mediated Nucleophilic Functionalization of Amides through Stable Amide C−N Bond Cleavage; One‐Step Synthesis of 2‐Substituted Benzothiazoles. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Srabani Maity
- Department of Chemistry University of Calcutta 92, A. P. C. Road Kolkata 700009, W. B. India
| | - Arnab Roy
- Department of Chemistry University of Calcutta 92, A. P. C. Road Kolkata 700009, W. B. India
| | - Surajit Duari
- Department of Chemistry University of Calcutta 92, A. P. C. Road Kolkata 700009, W. B. India
| | - Subrata Biswas
- Department of Chemistry University of Calcutta 92, A. P. C. Road Kolkata 700009, W. B. India
| | - Asma M. Elsharif
- Department of Chemistry College of Science Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University P.O. Box 1982 Dammam 31441 Saudi Arabia
| | - Srijit Biswas
- Department of Chemistry University of Calcutta 92, A. P. C. Road Kolkata 700009, W. B. India
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Wang T, Wang Y, Xu K, Zhang Y, Guo J, Liu L. Transition‐Metal‐Free DMAP‐Mediated Aromatic Esterification of Amides with Organoboronic Acids. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Engineering Laboratory of Green Synthesis for Pharmaceuticals Shangqiu Normal University Shangqiu Henan 476000 China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Key Laboratory of Biomolecular Recognition and Sensing Shangqiu Normal University Shangqiu Henan 476000 China
| | - Yanqing Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Engineering Laboratory of Green Synthesis for Pharmaceuticals Shangqiu Normal University Shangqiu Henan 476000 China
| | - Kai Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Engineering Laboratory of Green Synthesis for Pharmaceuticals Shangqiu Normal University Shangqiu Henan 476000 China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Key Laboratory of Biomolecular Recognition and Sensing Shangqiu Normal University Shangqiu Henan 476000 China
| | - Yuheng Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Engineering Laboratory of Green Synthesis for Pharmaceuticals Shangqiu Normal University Shangqiu Henan 476000 China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Key Laboratory of Biomolecular Recognition and Sensing Shangqiu Normal University Shangqiu Henan 476000 China
| | - Jiarui Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Engineering Laboratory of Green Synthesis for Pharmaceuticals Shangqiu Normal University Shangqiu Henan 476000 China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Key Laboratory of Biomolecular Recognition and Sensing Shangqiu Normal University Shangqiu Henan 476000 China
| | - Lantao Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Engineering Laboratory of Green Synthesis for Pharmaceuticals Shangqiu Normal University Shangqiu Henan 476000 China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Key Laboratory of Biomolecular Recognition and Sensing Shangqiu Normal University Shangqiu Henan 476000 China
- College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan 450001 China
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11
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Liu J, Yang Y, Ouyang K, Zhang WX. Transition-metal-catalyzed transformations of C–N single bonds: Advances in the last five years, challenges and prospects. GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gresc.2021.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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12
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Huang C, Li J, Wang J, Zheng Q, Li Z, Tu T. Hydrogen-bond-assisted transition-metal-free catalytic transformation of amides to esters. Sci China Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-020-9883-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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13
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Wu N, Li C, Mi J, Zheng Y, Xu Z. A Strategy for Amide to β-Oxo Ester Transformation via N-Alkenoxypyridinium Salts as the Activator and H2O as the Nucleophile. Org Lett 2020; 22:7118-7122. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Tongshan Road 209, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Chuang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Tongshan Road 209, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Jiajia Mi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Tongshan Road 209, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Tongshan Road 209, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Zhou Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Tongshan Road 209, Xuzhou 221004, China
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