1
|
Navya PV, Ganesan K, Neyts EC, Sampath S. Heterocycle- and Amine-Free Electrochromic and Electrofluorochromic Molecules for Energy-Saving See-Through Smart Windows and Displays. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401647. [PMID: 38747442 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Electrochromic (EC) smart windows are an elegant alternative to dusty curtains, blinds, and traditional dimming devices. The EC energy storage smart windows and displays received remarkable attention in the optoelectronic industry as they hold promise for high energy efficiency, low power consumption, reversibility, and swift response to stimuli. However, achieving these properties remains challenging. Moreover, most EC molecules do not exhibit electrofluorochromism, which is highly essential for smart displays because its EC property can modulate the solar heat entering the building, and its electrofluorochromic (EFC) aspects can create lighting during the night. In this work, a structure-property relationship is utilized to develop new electrochromes that can store the injected charge, and these molecules indeed exhibit electrofluorochromism. The compounds are synthesized from tetrabenzofluorene with two aromatic acceptor units, and avoids the use of widely studied heterocycles and amine derivatives. The electrochromes switches from yellow to dark hue in solution, solid, and gel state. The compounds display exceptional electrochemical stability and reversibility in 1000 cycles and capacity retention of 93-100 % in 300 charging-discharging cycles. The proof-of-concept device fabrication of the self-dimming EC smart window presented here demonstrates that it can furnish visual comfort, modulate transmitted light and glare, and reduce energy usage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Panichiyil V Navya
- Soft Functional Hybrid Materials Lab, Department of Materials Science, School of Technology, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu, 610005, India
| | - Krithika Ganesan
- MOSAIC Research Group, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, 2610, Belgium
| | - Erik C Neyts
- MOSAIC Research Group, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, 2610, Belgium
| | - Srinivasan Sampath
- Soft Functional Hybrid Materials Lab, Department of Materials Science, School of Technology, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu, 610005, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li J, Yu H, Lv Y, Cai Z, Shen Y, Ruhlmann L, Gan L, Liu M. Electrode materials for electrochromic supercapacitors. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:152001. [PMID: 38150723 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad18e2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Smart energy storage systems, such as electrochromic supercapacitor (ECSC) integrated technology, have drawn a lot of attention recently, and numerous developments have been made owing to their reliable performance. Developing novel electrode materials for ECSCs that embed two different technologies in a material is an exciting and emerging field of research. To date, the research into ECSC electrode materials has been ongoing with excellent efforts, which need to be systematically reviewed so that they can be used to develop more efficient ECSCs. This mini-review provides a general composition, main evaluation parameters and future perspectives for electrode materials of ECSCs as well as a brief overview of the published reports on ECSCs and performance statistics on the existing literature in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianhang Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Hangzhou Plastics Industry Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Haixin Yu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaokang Lv
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Cai
- Zhejiang Institute for Food and Drug Control, Key Laboratory of Drug Contacting Materials Quality Control of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yimin Shen
- Shaoxing Jinye Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd, No. 173, Zhenghai Road, Binhai Industrial Zone, Keqiao District, Shaoxing, 312073, People's Republic of China
| | - Laurent Ruhlmann
- Institut de Chimie (UMR au CNRS n°7177), Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal CS 90032, F-67081 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Lihua Gan
- Hangzhou Plastics Industry Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingxian Liu
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yin X, Li X, Li X, Biczysko M, Zhu S, Xu J, Bai YL. Isomerization-induced fluorescence enhancement of two new viologen derivatives: mechanism insight and DFT calculations. Chem Sci 2023; 14:7016-7025. [PMID: 37389262 PMCID: PMC10306075 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02051g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The dark-colored viologen radical cations are unstable in air and easily fade, thus greatly limiting their applications. If a suitable substituent is introduced into the structure, it will have the dual function of chromism and luminescence, which will broaden its application field. Here, Vio1·2Cl and Vio2·2Br were synthesized by introducing aromatic acetophenone and naphthophenone substituents into the viologen structure. The keto group (-CH2CO-) on the substituents is prone to isomerize into the enol structure (-CH[double bond, length as m-dash]COH-) in organic solvents, especially in DMSO, resulting in a larger conjugated system to stabilize the molecular structure and enhance fluorescence. The time-dependent fluorescence spectrum shows obvious keto-to-enol isomerization-induced fluorescence enhancement. The quantum yield also increased significantly (T = 1 day, ΦVio1 = 25.81%, ΦVio2 = 41.44%; T = 7 days, ΦVio1 = 31.48%, and ΦVio2 = 54.40%) in DMSO. The NMR and ESI-MS data at different times further confirmed that the fluorescence enhancement was caused by isomerization, and no other fluorescent impurities were produced in solution. DFT calculations show that the enol form is almost coplanar throughout the molecular structure, which is conducive to stabilizing the structure and enhancing fluorescence. The fluorescence emission peaks of the keto and enol structures of Vio12+ and Vio22+ were at 416-417 nm and 563-582 nm, respectively. The fluorescence relative oscillator strength of Vio12+ and Vio22+ enol structures is significantly higher than that of keto structures (f value changes from 1.53 to 2.63 for Vio12+ and from 1.62 to 2.81 for Vio22+), indicating stronger fluorescence emission of the enol structure. The calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental results. Vio1·2Cl and Vio2·2Br are the first examples of isomerization-induced fluorescence enhancement of viologen derivatives, which shows strong solvatofluorochromism under UV light, making up for the disadvantage that it is easy for a viologen radical to fade in air, and providing a new strategy for designing and synthesizing viologen materials with strong fluorescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuping Yin
- College of Science, Shanghai University 99 Shangda Road Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Xinxing Li
- College of Science, Shanghai University 99 Shangda Road Shanghai 200444 China
- International Center for Quantum and Molecular Structures, Department of Physics, College of Science, Shanghai University 99 Shangda Road Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Xuyi Li
- College of Science, Shanghai University 99 Shangda Road Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Malgorzata Biczysko
- College of Science, Shanghai University 99 Shangda Road Shanghai 200444 China
- International Center for Quantum and Molecular Structures, Department of Physics, College of Science, Shanghai University 99 Shangda Road Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Shourong Zhu
- College of Science, Shanghai University 99 Shangda Road Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Jiaqiang Xu
- College of Science, Shanghai University 99 Shangda Road Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Yue-Ling Bai
- College of Science, Shanghai University 99 Shangda Road Shanghai 200444 China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Han Y, Cheng X, Zhong Y, Cui B. Near‐Infrared Electrochromism Based on Intervalence Charge Transfer. MIXED‐VALENCE SYSTEMS 2023:431-462. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527835287.ch14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
|
5
|
Ding Y, Wang M, Mei Z, Diao X. Flexible Inorganic All-Solid-State Electrochromic Devices toward Visual Energy Storage and Two-Dimensional Color Tunability. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:15646-15656. [PMID: 36926798 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c20986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Multicolor display has gradually become a sought-after trend for electrochromic devices due to its broadened application scope. Meanwhile, the advantages of inorganic electrochromic devices such as stable electrochemical performance and good energy storage ability also have great attraction in practical production applications. However, there are still huge challenges for inorganic electrochromic materials to achieve multicolor transformation due to their single-color hue change. Herein, we design an inorganic and multicolor electrochromic energy storage device (MEESD) exhibiting flexibility and all-solid-state merits. Prussian blue (PB) and MnO2, as the asymmetrical electrodes of this MEESD, show good pseudocapacitance property, matching charge capacity, and obvious color change. As a typical electrochromic device, the MEESD shows a fast response of 0.5 s and good coloration efficiency of 144.2 cm2/C. As an energy storage device, the MEESD presents excellent rate capability and volumetric energy/power density (84.2 mWh cm-3/23.3 W cm-3). Its energy level can be visually monitored by color contrast and optical modulation. In the charging/discharging process, its color can obviously change to various degrees of yellow, green, and blue along with 40% wide optical modulation at 710 nm. Meanwhile, the stability of the MEESD in a common and humidity environment was analyzed in detail from electrochemical, optical, and energy storage aspects. This work provides feasible thoughts to design multifunctional electrochromic devices integrated with inorganic, flexible, all-solid-state, multicolor, and energy storage properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Ding
- Beihang University, Beijing 102206, China
| | | | - Zheyue Mei
- Beihang University, Beijing 102206, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhou QH, Pan MY, He Q, Tang Q, Chow CF, Gong CB. Electrochromic behavior of fac-tricarbonyl rhenium complexes. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj04955k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Tricarbonyl rhenium complex shows good electrochromic performance with a colored stage of green, rapid response and good switching stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian-hua Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Ming-yue Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Qi He
- The Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Qian Tang
- The Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Cheuk-fai Chow
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, 10 Lo Ping Road, Tai Po, Hong Kong
| | - Cheng-bin Gong
- The Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhuang Y, Wang Y, Deng Y, Li F, Chen X, Liu S, Tong Y, Zhao Q. Memristors Based on an Iridium(III) Complex Containing Viologen for Advanced Synaptic Bionics. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:13021-13028. [PMID: 34376047 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Memristors with nonvolatile memory properties are expected to open the era of neuromorphic computing. However, it remains a huge challenge to develop memristors with high uniformity, high stability, and low power consumption for advanced synaptic bionics. Herein, an electroactive iridium(III) complex Ir-vio was designed and synthesized by incorporating a viologen moiety into its N∧N ligand. Complex Ir-vio showed multiple redox states and high sensitivity to an electrical stimulus. Importantly, two-terminal memristors with Ag/Ir-vio/W structure were successfully fabricated by the solution-processable method, which exhibited multilevel storage characteristics with a low switching threshold voltage of 0.5 V and high ON1/ON2/ON3/OFF current ratio of 105/103/102/1 at a low reading bias of 0.05 V. Moreover, the memristors can mimic synaptic plasticity, indicating that they can act as artificial synapses to construct brain-inspired neural networks. The memristive mechanisms can be ascribed to the interconversion among different charge-transfer and redox states under various electrical stimulus. To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first experimental demonstration of memristors based on iridium(III) complexes, opening a new era for the development of synaptic bionic devices based on organometallic compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Microelectronics, Institute of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Fabrication and Application of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Yongjing Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Feiyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Xintong Chen
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Microelectronics, Institute of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Fabrication and Application of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Shujuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Yi Tong
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Microelectronics, Institute of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Fabrication and Application of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, P. R. China.,College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Microelectronics, Institute of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Fabrication and Application of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lu L, Wang K, Wu H, Qin A, Tang BZ. Simultaneously achieving high capacity storage and multilevel anti-counterfeiting using electrochromic and electrofluorochromic dual-functional AIE polymers. Chem Sci 2021; 12:7058-7065. [PMID: 34123333 PMCID: PMC8153231 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc00722j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
With the advent of the big data era, information storage and security are becoming increasingly important. However, high capacity information storage and multilevel anti-counterfeiting are typically difficult to achieve simultaneously. To address this challenge, herein, two electrochromic and electrofluorochromic dual-functional polymers with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics were rationally designed and facilely prepared. Upon applying voltages, the absorption and fluorescence spectra of the AIE polymers can undergo reversible changes, accompanied by variation of their color and emission. By utilizing the controllable characteristics of the polymers, dual-mode display devices were fabricated via a simple spraying technique. More interestingly, a four-dimensional color code device was constructed by adding color change multiplexing to the two-dimensional space, thereby achieving high capacity information storage. Moreover, the color code device can also be applied in the multilevel anti-counterfeiting area. The encrypted information can be dynamically converted under different voltages. Thus, the AIE polymers show great promise for applications in multidimensional information storage and dynamic anti-counterfeiting, and the design strategy may provide a new avenue for advanced information storage and high security technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, AIE Institute, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Kaojin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, AIE Institute, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Haozhong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, AIE Institute, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Anjun Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, AIE Institute, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, AIE Institute, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
- Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Guangdong 518172 China
| |
Collapse
|