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Ma Z, Wu X, Li H, Cao Z, Zhu C. Access to pyrrolines and fused diaziridines by selective radical addition to homoallylic diazirines. Chem Sci 2024; 15:1879-1884. [PMID: 38303955 PMCID: PMC10829008 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04886a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Pyrroline derivatives are common in bioactive natural products and therapeutic agents. We report here a synthesis of pyrrolines and fused diaziridines by divergent radical cyclization of homoallylic diazirines, which can serve as an internal radical trap and a nitrogen source. This reaction proceeds by selective radical addition to C[double bond, length as m-dash]C or N[double bond, length as m-dash]N bonds followed by intramolecular cyclization. Frontier molecular orbital analysis provides a deep insight into the origin of the selectivity. The reaction demonstrates a new cyclization mode, broad functional group compatibility and high product diversity, and reveals a much broader chemical space for diazirine studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University 199 Ren-Ai Road Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Xinxin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University 199 Ren-Ai Road Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Haotian Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University 199 Ren-Ai Road Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Zhu Cao
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Chen Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University 199 Ren-Ai Road Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 China
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Schneider Y, Jadhav AP, Legault CY. Synthesis of Indoles Using the Electrophilic Potential of Diazirines. J Org Chem 2023; 88:14809-14819. [PMID: 37779242 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
The electrophilic potential of diazirines has been utilized to obtain N-substituted diaziridines that are directly hydrolyzed to produce monosubstituted hydrazines. The hydrazines can undergo the Fisher process with enolizable carbonyls to yield multiple indole derivatives in moderate to high yields. The N-metalated diaziridine intermediates can undergo isomerization prior to electrophilic substitution, to form N,N-disubstituted hydrazones. The latter react with enolizable carbonyls to produce N-protected indole derivatives in a single step. This protocol was used to efficiently synthesize indomethacin, an anti-inflammatory drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoann Schneider
- University of Sherbrooke, Department of Chemistry, 2500 boul. de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Amol P Jadhav
- University of Sherbrooke, Department of Chemistry, 2500 boul. de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Claude Y Legault
- University of Sherbrooke, Department of Chemistry, 2500 boul. de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1K 2R1, Canada
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Abstract
Bimolecular nucleophilic substitution SN2 is the earliest and most important means of amination of alkyl electrophiles; its practical utilization is largely limited to primary or activated substrates. Furthermore, a persistent challenge lies in establishing C(sp3)-N bonds from alkyl substrates in cross-coupling chemistry using palladium and nickel catalysts. Therefore, the methods of constructing C(sp3)-N bonds remain rare from alkyl electrophiles. The existing routes are limited to copper catalysis and photoredox catalysis. Here, we demonstrate an alternative amination strategy for rapid construction of C(sp3)-N bonds from accessible alkyl electrophiles, which were used as radical precursors under nickel catalysis by Ni (III) species reductive eliminations in high efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiangzhang Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shengyang Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yi Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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Li X, Yuan X, Hu J, Li Y, Bao H. Radical Decarboxylative Carbon-Nitrogen Bond Formation. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104249. [PMID: 37241989 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The carbon-nitrogen bond is one of the most prevalent chemical bonds in natural and artificial molecules, as many naturally existing organic molecules, pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and functional materials contain at least one nitrogen atom. Radical decarboxylative carbon-nitrogen bond formation from readily available carboxylic acids and their derivatives has emerged as an attractive and valuable tool in modern synthetic chemistry. The promising achievements in this research topic have been demonstrated via utilizing this strategy in the synthesis of complex natural products. In this review, we will cover carbon-nitrogen bond formation via radical decarboxylation of carboxylic acids, Barton esters, MPDOC esters, N-hydroxyphthalimide esters (NHP esters), oxime esters, aryliodine(III) dicarboxylates, and others, respectively. This review aims to bring readers a comprehensive survey of the development in this rapidly expanding field. We hope that this review will emphasize the knowledge, highlight the proposed mechanisms, and further disclose the fascinating features in modern synthetic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangting Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xiaobin Yuan
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jiahao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou 350002, China
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Yajun Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Hongli Bao
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou 350002, China
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Zhang H, Li S, Zheng HL, Zhu G, Liao S, Nie X. Photocatalytic fluorosulfonylation of aliphatic carboxylic acid NHPI esters. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00861k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
SO2 radical insertion/fluorination via a photocatalytic redox strategy is developed, providing an efficient and reliable approach for the synthesis of alkylsulfonyl fluorides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Shaojie Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Han-Liang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, P. R. China
| | - Gangguo Zhu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, P. R. China
| | - Saihu Liao
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Science (BNLMS), Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xingliang Nie
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, P. R. China
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Maharaj V, Chandrachud PP, Che W, Wojtas L, Lopchuk JM. Photodecarboxylative Amination of Redox-Active Esters with Diazirines. Org Lett 2021; 23:8838-8842. [PMID: 34747619 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Diazirines have been recently demonstrated to serve as electrophilic amination reagents that afford diaziridines, versatile heterocycles that are readily transformed into amines, hydrazines, and nitrogen-containing heterocycles. Here, we report the photodecarboxylative amination of redox-active esters with diazirines using inexpensive photoactivators under mild conditions with an enhanced scope for primary substrates. The stability of diazirines to blue light is demonstrated, paving the way for further research into other photochemical amination methods with these unique heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishala Maharaj
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Preeti P Chandrachud
- Drug Discovery Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Wen Che
- Drug Discovery Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Lukasz Wojtas
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Justin M Lopchuk
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States.,Drug Discovery Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States.,Department of Oncologic Sciences, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
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