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Chen P, Wang D, Luo L, Meng J, Zhou Z, Dai X, Zou Y, Tan L, Shao X, Di CA, Jia C, Zhang HL, Liu Z. Self-Doping Naphthalene Diimide Conjugated Polymers for Flexible Unipolar n-Type OTFTs. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2300240. [PMID: 36812459 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The development of high-performance organic thin-film transistor (OTFT) materials is vital for flexible electronics. Numerous OTFTs are so far reported but obtaining high-performance and reliable OTFTs simultaneously for flexible electronics is still challenging. Herein, it is reported that self-doping in conjugated polymer enables high unipolar n-type charge mobility in flexible OTFTs, as well as good operational/ambient stability and bending resistance. New naphthalene diimide (NDI)-conjugated polymers PNDI2T-NM17 and PNDI2T-NM50 with different contents of self-doping groups on their side chains are designed and synthesized. The effects of self-doping on the electronic properties of resulting flexible OTFTs are investigated. The results reveal that the flexible OTFTs based on self-doped PNDI2T-NM17 exhibit unipolar n-type charge-carrier properties and good operational/ambient stability thanks to the appropriate doping level and intermolecular interactions. The charge mobility and on/off ratio are fourfold and four orders of magnitude higher than those of undoped model polymer, respectively. Overall, the proposed self-doping strategy is useful for rationally designing OTFT materials with high semiconducting performance and reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Dongyang Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Liang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jinqiu Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zhaoqiong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiaojuan Dai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Ye Zou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Luxi Tan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Xiangfeng Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Chong-An Di
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Chunyang Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Hao-Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zitong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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Gao H, Qi X, Zhang J, Wang N, Xin J, Jiao D, Liu K, Qi J, Guan Y, Ding D. Smart One-for-All Agent with Adaptive Functions for Improving Photoacoustic /Fluorescence Imaging-Guided Photodynamic Immunotherapy. SMALL METHODS 2023; 7:e2201582. [PMID: 36807567 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202201582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Multifunctional phototheranostics that integrate several diagnostic and therapeutic strategies into one platform hold great promise for precision medicine. However, it is really difficult for one molecule to possess multimodality optical imaging and therapy properties that all functions are in the optimized mode because the absorbed photoenergy is fixed. Herein, a smart one-for-all nanoagent that the photophysical energy transformation processes can be facilely tuned by external light stimuli is developed for precise multifunctional image-guided therapy. A dithienylethene-based molecule is designed and synthesized because it has two light-switchable forms. In the ring-closed form, most of the absorbed energy dissipates via nonradiative thermal deactivation for photoacoustic (PA) imaging. In the ring-open form, the molecule possesses obvious aggregation-induced emission features with excellent fluorescence and photodynamic therapy properties. In vivo experiments demonstrate that preoperative PA and fluorescence imaging help to delineate tumors in a high-contrast manner, and intraoperative fluorescence imaging is able to sensitively detect tiny residual tumors. Furthermore, the nanoagent can induce immunogenic cell death to elicit antitumor immunity and significantly suppress solid tumors. This work develops a smart one-for-all agent that the photophysical energy transformation and related phototheranostic properties can be optimized by light-driven structure switch, which is promising for multifunctional biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heqi Gao
- Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Xinwen Qi
- Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jingtian Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jingrui Xin
- Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Di Jiao
- Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Kaining Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Ji Qi
- Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yong Guan
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Children's Hospital /Tianjin University Children's Hospital, Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - Dan Ding
- Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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Lu Y, Zhang P, Zhou Y, Zhang R, Fu X, Feng J, Zhang H. Novel nanocarrier for promoting tumor synergistic therapy by down-regulation of heat shock proteins and increased Fe3+ supply. Sci China Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1505-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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Qu J, Zhang Y, Cai Z, Tong B, Xie H, Dong Y, Shi J. An acceptor-shielding strategy of photosensitizers for enhancing the generation efficiency of type I reactive oxygen species and the related photodynamic immunotherapy. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:14064-14072. [PMID: 36053244 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr02273g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Developing efficient photosensitizers (PSs) that can generate type I reactive oxygen species (ROS) under illumination is considered an effective way to improve photodynamic therapy (PDT) outcomes due to the hypoxic nature of the tumor environment, but also is very challenging. Herein, a new PS of the multiarylpyrrole (MAP) derivative with a typical donor-acceptor structure was synthesized to efficiently generate type I ROS by using an acceptor-shielding strategy in their aggregated state. The enhanced generation mechanism of type I ROS originated from its ultralong triplet lifetime and the narrow singlet-triplet energy gap of the MAP. More importantly, type I ROS can transform protumoral M2 macrophages (M2) into antitumoral M1 macrophages (M1), which showed synergistic immunotherapy in in vivo experiments. Therefore, introducing shielding groups into acceptors provides general guidance for developing efficient PSs in the aggregation state for clinical PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Qu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Yahui Zhang
- School of Life Science, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China.
| | - Zhengxu Cai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Bin Tong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Haiyan Xie
- School of Life Science, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yuping Dong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Jianbing Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
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Qi J, Jia S, Kang X, Wu X, Hong Y, Shan K, Kong X, Wang Z, Ding D. Semiconducting Polymer Nanoparticles with Surface-Mimicking Protein Secondary Structure as Lysosome-Targeting Chimaeras for Self-Synergistic Cancer Immunotherapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2203309. [PMID: 35704513 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202203309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has received tremendous attention for tumor treatment, but the efficacy is greatly hindered by insufficient tumor-infiltration of immune cells and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. The strategy that can efficiently activate cytotoxic T lymphocytes and inhibit negative immune regulators will greatly amplify immunotherapy outcome, which is however very rare. Herein, a new kind of semiconducting polymer (SP) nanoparticles is developed, featured with surface-mimicking protein secondary structure (SPSS NPs) for self-synergistic cancer immunotherapy by combining immunogenic cell death (ICD) and immune checkpoint blockade therapy. The SPs with excellent photodynamic property are synthesized by rational fluorination, which can massively induce ICD. Additionally, the peptide antagonists are introduced and self-assembled into β-sheet protein secondary structures on the photodynamic NP surface via preparation process optimization, which function as efficient lysosome-targeting chimaeras (LYTACs) to mediate the degradation of programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) in lysosome. In vivo experiments demonstrate that SPSS NPs can not only elicit strong antitumor immunity to suppress both primary tumor and distant tumor, but also evoke long-term immunological memory against tumor rechallenge. This work introduces a new kind of robust immunotherapy agents by combining well-designed photosensitizer-based ICD induction and protein secondary structures-mediated LYTAC-like multivalence PD-L1 blockade, rendering great promise for synergistic immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Qi
- Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Shaorui Jia
- Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xiaoying Kang
- Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xinying Wu
- Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yuning Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Ke Shan
- Shandong Artificial intelligence Institute and Shandong Computer Science Center, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong, 250353, China
| | - Xianglong Kong
- Shandong Artificial intelligence Institute and Shandong Computer Science Center, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong, 250353, China
| | - Zhiming Wang
- AIE Institute, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates of Guangdong Province, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, China
| | - Dan Ding
- Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, China
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Yao Y, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Yang X, Ding D, Shi Y, Xu H, Gao X. Azulene-Containing Squaraines for Photoacoustic Imaging and Photothermal Therapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:19192-19203. [PMID: 35438482 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c02308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) guided photothermal therapy (PTT) can realize real-time diagnosis and in situ treatment of cancer at the same time. Absorption in the near-infrared (NIR) region with large molar extinction coefficient (ε) and high value of photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE) are key prerequisites for photothermal agents (PTAs) to realize dual PAI and PTT treatments. Squaraines have stable quinoid structures with strong planarity and rigidity, in favor of the NIR absorption and high ε values. On the other hand, azulene derivatives mostly have very faint fluorescence emission, which is beneficial for photothermal transformation. Herein, two azulene-containing squaraines Az-SQ-1 and Az-SQ-2 are synthesized as high-performance PTAs. In comparison with Az-SQ-1, Az-SQ-2 possesses larger εmax of 3 × 105 M-1 cm-1 at 780 nm in organic solution and higher PCE of 53.2% in the form of nanoparticles under 808 nm laser irradiation. Accordingly, Az-SQ-2 NPs present stronger photoacoustic signals (about 15.1-times the background signal) and more efficient suppression of tumor growth. Our research indicates that the introduction of azulene unit to traditional NIR dyes is a simple but effective approach to obtain outstanding PTAs in the aspect of phototheranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Yao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211116, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Jianwei Zhang
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaodi Yang
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Dan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Yang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Huae Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211116, China
| | - Xike Gao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
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Duan X, Zhang Q, Jiang Y, Wu X, Yue X, Geng Y, Shen J, Ding D. Semiconducting Polymer Nanoparticles with Intramolecular Motion-Induced Photothermy for Tumor Phototheranostics and Tooth Root Canal Therapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2200179. [PMID: 35239994 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202200179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Much effort is devoted to develop agents with superior photoacoustic/photothermal properties for improved disease diagnosis and treatment. Herein, a new fused two isoindigo (DIID)-based semiconducting conjugated polymer (named PBDT-DIID) is rationally designed and synthesized with a strong near-infrared absorption band ranging from 700 to 1000 nm. Water-dispersing nanoparticles (NPs) of PBDT-DIID are prepared with good biocompatibility and a rather high photothermal conversion efficiency (70.6%), as the active excited-state intramolecular twist around the central double bonds in DIID permits most of the absorbed excitation energy flow to heat deactivation pathway through internal conversion. The photoacoustic signal can be further magnified by incorporation of polylactide (PLA) in the NP core to confine the generated heat of PBDT-DIID within NPs. The resultant doped NPs show excellent performance in photoacoustic imaging-guided photothermal therapy in an orthotopic 4T1 breast tumor-bearing mouse model. It is also found that the photothermal effect of the PBDT-DIID NPs is safe and quite efficacious to highly improve the root canal treatment outcome by heating the 1% NaClO solution inside the root canal upon 808 nm laser irradiation in a human extracted tooth root canal infection model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingchen Duan
- Central Laboratory of Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Function Reconstruction, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nankai University, Tianjin, 300041, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Qianyu Zhang
- Central Laboratory of Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Function Reconstruction, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nankai University, Tianjin, 300041, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
| | - Xinying Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xin Yue
- Central Laboratory of Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Function Reconstruction, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nankai University, Tianjin, 300041, China
| | - Yanhou Geng
- School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Jing Shen
- Central Laboratory of Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Function Reconstruction, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nankai University, Tianjin, 300041, China
| | - Dan Ding
- Central Laboratory of Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Function Reconstruction, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nankai University, Tianjin, 300041, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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