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Qiu Y, Abe T, Nakao R, Satoh K, Sugimoto C. Viral population analysis of the taiga tick, Ixodes persulcatus, by using Batch Learning Self-Organizing Maps and BLAST search. J Vet Med Sci 2019; 81:401-410. [PMID: 30674747 PMCID: PMC6451905 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.18-0483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ticks transmit a wide range of viral, bacterial, and protozoal pathogens, which are often zoonotic. Several novel tick-borne viral pathogens have been reported during the past few years.
The aim of this study was to investigate a diversity of tick viral populations, which may contain as-yet unidentified viruses, using a combination of high throughput pyrosequencing and Batch
Learning Self-Organizing Map (BLSOM) program, which enables phylogenetic estimation based on the similarity of oligonucleotide frequencies. DNA/cDNA prepared from virus-enriched fractions
obtained from Ixodes persulcatus ticks was pyrosequenced. After de novo assembly, contigs were cataloged by the BLSOM program. In total 41 different viral
families and order including those previously associated with human and animal diseases such as Bunyavirales, Flaviviridae, and Reoviridae,
were detected. Therefore, our strategy is applicable for viral population analysis of other arthropods of medical and veterinary importance, such as mosquitos and lice. The results lead to
the contribution to the prediction of emerging tick-borne viral diseases. A sufficient understanding of tick viral populations will also empower to analyze and understand tick biology
including vector competency and interactions with other pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjin Qiu
- Division of Collaboration and Education, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Kita 20 Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020 Japan.,Hokudai Center for Zoonosis Control in Zambia, the University of Zambia, Lusaka, 10101 Zambia
| | - Takashi Abe
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Ikarashi 2 no-cho 8050, Nishi-ku, Niigata, Niigata 950-2181 Japan
| | - Ryo Nakao
- Unit of Risk Analysis and Management, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Kita 20 Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020 Japan.,Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Graduate School of Infectious Diseases, Hokkaido University, Kita 18 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818 Japan
| | - Kenro Satoh
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Ikarashi 2 no-cho 8050, Nishi-ku, Niigata, Niigata 950-2181 Japan
| | - Chihiro Sugimoto
- Division of Collaboration and Education, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Kita 20 Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020 Japan.,Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Kita 20 Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020 Japan
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Ng TFF, Willner DL, Lim YW, Schmieder R, Chau B, Nilsson C, Anthony S, Ruan Y, Rohwer F, Breitbart M. Broad surveys of DNA viral diversity obtained through viral metagenomics of mosquitoes. PLoS One 2011; 6:e20579. [PMID: 21674005 PMCID: PMC3108952 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2011] [Accepted: 05/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses are the most abundant and diverse genetic entities on Earth; however, broad surveys of viral diversity are hindered by the lack of a universal assay for viruses and the inability to sample a sufficient number of individual hosts. This study utilized vector-enabled metagenomics (VEM) to provide a snapshot of the diversity of DNA viruses present in three mosquito samples from San Diego, California. The majority of the sequences were novel, suggesting that the viral community in mosquitoes, as well as the animal and plant hosts they feed on, is highly diverse and largely uncharacterized. Each mosquito sample contained a distinct viral community. The mosquito viromes contained sequences related to a broad range of animal, plant, insect and bacterial viruses. Animal viruses identified included anelloviruses, circoviruses, herpesviruses, poxviruses, and papillomaviruses, which mosquitoes may have obtained from vertebrate hosts during blood feeding. Notably, sequences related to human papillomaviruses were identified in one of the mosquito samples. Sequences similar to plant viruses were identified in all mosquito viromes, which were potentially acquired through feeding on plant nectar. Numerous bacteriophages and insect viruses were also detected, including a novel densovirus likely infecting Culex erythrothorax. Through sampling insect vectors, VEM enables broad survey of viral diversity and has significantly increased our knowledge of the DNA viruses present in mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry Fei Fan Ng
- College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, Florida, United States of America
| | - Dana L. Willner
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Yan Wei Lim
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Robert Schmieder
- Computational Science Research Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Betty Chau
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | | | - Simon Anthony
- Wildlife Disease Labs, San Diego Zoo's Institute for Conservation Research, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Yijun Ruan
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Forest Rohwer
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Mya Breitbart
- College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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The three-dimensional structure of Infectious flacherie virus capsid determined by cryo-electron microscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 52:1186-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-009-0151-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2008] [Accepted: 06/08/2009] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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