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Bone WP, Siewert KM, Jha A, Klarin D, Damrauer SM, Chang KM, Tsao PS, Assimes TL, Ritchie MD, Voight BF. Multi-trait association studies discover pleiotropic loci between Alzheimer's disease and cardiometabolic traits. Alzheimers Res Ther 2021; 13:34. [PMID: 33541420 PMCID: PMC7860582 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-021-00773-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identification of genetic risk factors that are shared between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other traits, i.e., pleiotropy, can help improve our understanding of the etiology of AD and potentially detect new therapeutic targets. Previous epidemiological correlations observed between cardiometabolic traits and AD led us to assess the pleiotropy between these traits. METHODS We performed a set of bivariate genome-wide association studies coupled with colocalization analysis to identify loci that are shared between AD and eleven cardiometabolic traits. For each of these loci, we performed colocalization with Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) to identify candidate causal genes. RESULTS We identified three previously unreported pleiotropic trait associations at known AD loci as well as four novel pleiotropic loci. One associated locus was tagged by a low-frequency coding variant in the gene DOCK4 and is potentially implicated in its alternative splicing. Colocalization with GTEx eQTL data identified additional candidate genes for the loci we detected, including ACE, the target of the hypertensive drug class of ACE inhibitors. We found that the allele associated with decreased ACE expression in brain tissue was also associated with increased risk of AD, providing human genetic evidence of a potential increase in AD risk from use of an established anti-hypertensive therapeutic. CONCLUSION Our results support a complex genetic relationship between AD and these cardiometabolic traits, and the candidate causal genes identified suggest that blood pressure and immune response play a role in the pleiotropy between these traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- William P Bone
- Genomics and Computational Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Katherine M Siewert
- Genomics and Computational Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Anupama Jha
- Department of Computer and Information Science, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Derek Klarin
- Boston VA Healthcare System, Boston, MA, 02130, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Scott M Damrauer
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, 19104, Philadelphia, USA
- Corporal Michael Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Kyong-Mi Chang
- Corporal Michael Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Philip S Tsao
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, 94550, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Themistocles L Assimes
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, 94550, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Marylyn D Ritchie
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Center for Precision Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Benjamin F Voight
- Corporal Michael Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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Wu L, Zhang X, Che Y, Zhang Y, Tang S, Liao Y, Na R, Xiong X, Liu L, Li Q. A cellular response protein induced during HSV-1 infection inhibits viral replication by interacting with ATF5. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2013; 56:1124-33. [PMID: 24302293 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-013-4569-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Studies of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection have shown that many known and unknown cellular molecules involved in viral proliferation are up-regulated following HSV-1 infection. In this study, using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, we found that the expression of the HSV-1 infection response repressive protein (HIRRP, GI 16552881) was up-regulated in human L02 cells infected with HSV-1. HIRRP, an unknown protein, was initially localized in the cytoplasm and then translocated into the nucleus of HSV-1-infected cells. Further analysis showed that HIRRP represses HSV-1 proliferation by inhibiting transcription of the viral genome by interacting with the cellular transcription factor, ATF5, via its N-terminal domain. ATF5 represses the transcription of many host genes but can also act as an activator of genes containing a specific motif. We found that ATF5 promotes the proliferation of HSV-1 via a potential mechanism by which ATF5 enhances the transcription of viral genes during the course of an HSV-1 infection; HIRRP then induces feedback repression of this transcription by interacting with ATF5.
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Affiliation(s)
- LianQiu Wu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, 650118, China
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