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Smoliga JM. From beaks to brains-Challenges in translating woodpecker biology into traumatic brain injury innovation. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2024. [PMID: 39166436 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
The biomechanics of woodpeckers have captivated researchers for decades. These birds' unique ability to withstand repeated impacts, seemingly without apparent harm, has piqued the interests of scientists and clinicians across multiple disciplines. Historical and recent studies have dissected the anatomical and physiological underpinnings of woodpeckers' protective mechanisms and sparked interest in the development of woodpecker-inspired safety equipment. Despite the intuitive appeal of translating woodpecker adaptations into strategies for human traumatic brain injury (TBI) prevention, significant challenges hinder such innovation. Critical examinations reveal a lack of direct applicability of these findings to human TBI prevention, attributed to fundamental biological and mechanical dissimilarities between humans and woodpeckers. Additionally, some commercial endeavors attempting to capitalize on our fascination with woodpeckers are rooted in unsubstantiated claims about these birds. This paper explores the narrative surrounding woodpecker biomimicry, including its origins and history, and highlights the challenges of translating findings from unconventional animal models of TBI into effective human medical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Smoliga
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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2
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Statistical analysis of mechanical properties of biological soft tissue under quasi-static mechanical loading. MEDICINE IN NOVEL TECHNOLOGY AND DEVICES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medntd.2022.100202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Kang W, Xu P, Yue Y, Wang L, Fan Y. Difference analysis of phenomenological models with two variable forms for soft tissue quasi-static mechanical characterization. Comput Biol Med 2022; 150:106150. [PMID: 36228461 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.106150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
It was important to understand the accurate mechanical properties of soft tissue for the evaluation of its injury, provide reliable protective ways or design effective human resist-injury devices. There was little study that clarified the difference between phenomenological models based on strain invariant and the principal stretches variables respectively although some quasi-static constitutive models of soft tissue were developed. In this study, we enumerate several typical hyperelastic models and derive the tensor equation of stress-strain based on continuum mechanics to fit the experimental data of human brain specimens under multiple loading modes in previous studies and give the coefficient of determination based on the least square fitting. It was suggested that two variable forms of phenomenological models with only the first strain invariant are consistent under uniaxial compression and tension, but the Cauchy stress tensor expressed by strain is completely different under simple shear loading. Also, the shear stress derived from the constitutive model based on strain invariants and principal stretchs has multiple relationships related to shear strain. The results in this study would be used to understand the more accurate mechanical characterization of soft tissue, which will allow us to evaluate the injury and develop much accurate injury criteria for soft tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Kang
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yanxian Yue
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Lizhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Yubo Fan
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China; School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
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Wang J, Sun H, Jia W, Zhang F, Qian Z, Cui X, Ren L, Ren L. In Vivo Analysis of the Dynamic Motion Stability Characteristics of Geese’s Neck. Biomimetics (Basel) 2022; 7:biomimetics7040160. [PMID: 36278717 PMCID: PMC9590001 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics7040160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The goose’s neck is an excellent stabilizing organ with its graceful neck curves and flexible movements. However, the stabilizing mechanism of the goose’s neck remains unclear. This study adopts a dynamic in vivo experimental method to obtain continuous and accurate stable motion characteristics of the goose’s cervical vertebra. Firstly, the results showed that when the body of a goose was separately moved back and forth along the Y direction (front and back) and Z direction (up and down), the goose’s neck can significantly stabilize the head. Then, because of the limitation of the X-ray imaging area, the three-dimensional intervertebral rotational displacements for vertebrae C4–C8 were obtained, and the role that these five segments play in the stabilization of the bird’s neck was analyzed. This study reveals that the largest range of the adjacent vertebral rotational movement is around the X-axis, the second is around the Y-axis, and the smallest is around the Z-axis. This kinematic feature is accord with the kinematic feature of the saddle joint, which allows the flexion/around X-axis and lateral bending/around Y-axis, and prevents axial rotation/around Z-axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Wang
- College of Agricultural Equipment Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Haoxuan Sun
- College of Agricultural Equipment Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Wenfeng Jia
- College of Agricultural Equipment Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Fu Zhang
- College of Agricultural Equipment Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
- Correspondence: (F.Z.); (Z.Q.)
| | - Zhihui Qian
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
- Correspondence: (F.Z.); (Z.Q.)
| | - Xiahua Cui
- College of Agricultural Equipment Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Lei Ren
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Luquan Ren
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
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Enhancing the Impact Strength of Prepacked Aggregate Fibrous Concrete Using Asphalt-Coated Aggregates. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15072598. [PMID: 35407930 PMCID: PMC9000576 DOI: 10.3390/ma15072598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The brittleness of plain concrete represents a significant issue to the integrity of concrete structures when subjected to impact loading. Recent rapid industrialization has attracted researchers to find a solution for concrete brittleness and enhance its ductility. In light of this, the prepacked aggregate fibrous concrete (PAFC) with single and double precoated coarse aggregates using asphalt is proposed and examined. Nine different mixtures were designed using polypropylene and steel fibre of 3% dosage with single and double asphalt-coated aggregates. Specimens were prepared with natural aggregate and 100% C-graded asphalt-coated aggregate to evaluate their impact strength. The ACI Committee 544 drop-weight impact standard was followed in the testing of all specimens. Results indicated that using asphalt-coated aggregate can improve the impact energies of concrete. The impact energy at cracking and failure of the single asphalt-coated aggregate specimen was 1.55 and 2.11 times higher, while the double-coated aggregate specimens exhibited 1.73 and 2.56 times greater than the natural aggregate specimen, respectively. The contribution of fibres in enhancing the impact resistance is remarkable compared to the single- and double-coated aggregates used in PAFC.
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Abstract
Due to huge demand in engineering, vibration control technology and related studies have always been at the frontiers of research. Although traditional vibration control methods are stable and reliable, they have obvious shortcomings. Through evolution and natural selection, certain body-parts of animals in the natural world have been cleverly constructed and well designed. This provides a steady stream of inspiration for the design of vibration control equipment. The prime objective of this review is to highlight recent advances in the bionic design of vibration control devices. Current bionic vibration control devices were classified, and their bionic principles were briefly described. One kind was the bionic device based on the brain structure of the woodpecker, which is mostly used to reduce vibration at high frequencies. Another kind of bionic device was based on animal leg structure and showed outstanding performance in low frequency vibration reduction. Finally, we briefly listed the problems that need to be solved in current bionic vibration control technology and gave recommendations for future research direction.
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Lazarus BS, Chadha C, Velasco-Hogan A, Barbosa JD, Jasiuk I, Meyers MA. Engineering with keratin: A functional material and a source of bioinspiration. iScience 2021; 24:102798. [PMID: 34355149 PMCID: PMC8319812 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Keratin is a highly multifunctional biopolymer serving various roles in nature due to its diverse material properties, wide spectrum of structural designs, and impressive performance. Keratin-based materials are mechanically robust, thermally insulating, lightweight, capable of undergoing reversible adhesion through van der Waals forces, and exhibit structural coloration and hydrophobic surfaces. Thus, they have become templates for bioinspired designs and have even been applied as a functional material for biomedical applications and environmentally sustainable fiber-reinforced composites. This review aims to highlight keratin's remarkable capabilities as a biological component, a source of design inspiration, and an engineering material. We conclude with future directions for the exploration of keratinous materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin S. Lazarus
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Charul Chadha
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Audrey Velasco-Hogan
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Iwona Jasiuk
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Marc A. Meyers
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
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Mohan KSR, Diviyabharrathi KB, Murali G. Research on the Development of High Impact Resistant Preplaced Aggregate Fibrous Concrete by the Inclusion of Coarse Aggregates Coated with Asphalt. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-021-06064-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Simulation analysis of impact damage to the bone tissue surrounding a dental implant. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6927. [PMID: 32332927 PMCID: PMC7181623 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63666-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental implant may suffer transient external impacts. To simulate the effect of impact forces on bone damage is very important for evaluation of damage and guiding treatment in clinics. In this study, an animal model was established by inserting an implant into the femoral condyle of New Zealand rabbit. Implant with good osseointegration was loaded with impact force. A three-dimensional finite element model was established based on the data of the animal model. Damage process to bone tissue was simulated with Abaqus 6.13 software combining dynamic mechanical properties of the femur. The characteristics of bone damage were analyzed by comparing the results of animal testing with numerical simulation data. After impact, cortical bone around the implant and trabecular at the bottom of the implant were prone to damage. The degree of damage correlated with the direction of loading and the magnitude of the impact. Lateral loading was most likely performed to damage cancellous bone. The stress wave formed by the impact force can damage the implant–bone interface and peri-implant trabeculae. The data from numerical simulations were consistent with data from animal experiments, highlighting the importance of a thorough examination and evaluation based on the patient’s medical history.
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Biomechanism of resistance to retinal injury in woodpecker’s eyes. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2020; 63:592-598. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-019-1664-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Smoliga JM, Zavorsky GS. "Tighter fit" theory-physiologists explain why "higher altitude" and jugular occlusion are unlikely to reduce risks for sports concussion and brain injuries. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2017; 122:215-217. [PMID: 27609202 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00661.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- James M Smoliga
- Department of Physical Therapy, High Point University, High Point, North Carolina; and
| | - Gerald S Zavorsky
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Georgia State University, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
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Jung JY, Naleway SE, Yaraghi NA, Herrera S, Sherman VR, Bushong EA, Ellisman MH, Kisailus D, McKittrick J. Structural analysis of the tongue and hyoid apparatus in a woodpecker. Acta Biomater 2016; 37:1-13. [PMID: 27000554 PMCID: PMC5063634 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Woodpeckers avoid brain injury while they peck at trees up to 20Hz with speeds up to 7m/s, undergoing decelerations up to 1200g. Along with the head, beak and neck, the hyoid apparatus (tongue bone and associated soft tissues) is subjected to these high impact forces. The shape of the hyoid apparatus is unusual in woodpeckers and its structure and mechanical properties have not been reported in detail. High-resolution X-ray micro-computed tomography and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were performed and correlated with nanoindentation mapping. The hyoid apparatus has four distinct bone sections, with three joints between these sections. Nanoindentation results on cross-sectional regions of each bone reveal a previously unreported structure consisting of a stiff core and outer, more compliant shell with moduli of up to 27.4GPa and 8.5GPa, respectively. The bending resistance is low at the posterior section of the hyoid bones, indicating that this region has a high degree of flexibility to absorb impact. These new structural findings can be applied to further studies on the energy dissipation of the woodpecker during its drumming behavior, and may have implications for the design of engineered impact-absorbing structures. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Woodpeckers avoid brain injury while they peck at trees, which results in extreme impact conditions. One common adaptation in woodpeckers is the unusual shape of the elongated tongue, also called the hyoid apparatus. The relationship between the structure and mechanical properties of the bony part of the hyoid apparatus has not been previously reported. A three dimensional model of the bony tongue was developed, and the hardness and stiffness were evaluated. A new type of bone structure, which is opposite of typical skeletal bone structure was found. The combined microstructural and mechanical property analysis indicate possible energy absorption routes for the hyoid apparatus and are applicable to the design of engineered structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Young Jung
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Steven E Naleway
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Nicholas A Yaraghi
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Steven Herrera
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Vincent R Sherman
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Eric A Bushong
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research and Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Mark H Ellisman
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research and Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - David Kisailus
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Joanna McKittrick
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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