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Bozkurt YT, Taş Cengiz Z, Ekici A, Yılmaz H. Frequency of Intestinal Parasites in Substance Abusers. TURKIYE PARAZITOLOJII DERGISI 2022; 46:45-49. [PMID: 35232705 DOI: 10.4274/tpd.galenos.2021.47955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to investigate the frequency of intestinal parasites in substance abusers and to reveal its significance. METHODS The study was conducted in Van Yüzüncü Yıl University Medical Faculty Parasitology Research Laboratory and University of Health Sciences Turkey Van Training and Research Hospital between May 2019 and February 2020. The patient group included 150 patients with substance abuse who applied to the Alcohol and Drug Addicted Treatment Center of University of Health Sciences Turkey Van Training and Research Hospital, while the control group included 75 patients who had no chronic illness and did not use cigarettes, alcohol, or drugs. Stool samples were examined using native-Lugol and modified acid-fast staining methods. RESULTS In this study, one or more intestinal parasites were found in 21.3% of 150 patients who applied to the internal medicine outpatient clinic and had no chronic illness and did not use cigarettes, alcohol, or drugs. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of the parasite frequency (p=0.03). In the patient group, Giardia intestinalis was detected in 7.3% (p=0.02), Blastocystis hominis in 6.7%, and Hymenolepis nana in 0.7%. Considering the frequency of parasites in terms of age groups, intestinal parasites were found at a higher rate in the 35 and younger age group (23.8%) than in the 36 and older age group (17.2%). Intestinal parasite positivity was found at the highest rate (23.8%) in those using methamphetamine. Constipation (79.3%) was the most prevalent in parasite-positive substance abusers, followed by diarrhea (23%). CONCLUSION This study contributed to the literature by determining the frequency of intestinal parasites in people addicted to substance, and it was revealed that intestinal parasite infections are a negative consequence of substance addiction. Conclusively, our findings revealed that intestinal parasites should be considered in substance abusers. Also, more detailed studies involving more individuals should be conducted to obtain information about intestinal parasite infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeter Taylan Bozkurt
- Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi, Van Bölge Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, Van, Türkiye
| | - Zeynep Taş Cengiz
- Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Parazitoloji Anabilim Dalı, Van, Türkiye
| | - Abdurrahman Ekici
- Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Parazitoloji Anabilim Dalı, Van, Türkiye
| | - Hasan Yılmaz
- Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Parazitoloji Anabilim Dalı, Van, Türkiye
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Ka'e AC, Sosso SM, Fokam J, Simo RK, Essama SR, Nka AD, Yagai B, Dzukou CJN, Tchouaket MCT, Chenwi C, Abba A, Fainguem N, Zam MKN, Yimga JF, Colizzi V, Ndjolo A. Anti-Toxoplasmic Immunoglobulin G Quantitation Correlates with Immunovirological Parameters of HIV-Infected Cameroonians. Curr HIV Res 2021; 19:73-83. [PMID: 32885755 DOI: 10.2174/1570162x18666200903172523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toxoplasmosis is still a neglected common opportunistic infection in immunocompromised individuals, who are mainly people living with HIV (PLHIV) in whom reactivation of toxoplasmosis may occur with advanced HIV conditions in resource-limited settings (RLS). OBJECTIVE The objective was to assess the correlation between anti-toxoplasmic immunoglobulin G (anti-Toxo IgG) concentration and the immuno-virological status of PLHIV. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in the year 2018 among 100 PLHIV aged ≥18 years in Yaounde-Cameroon. For each participant, anti-Toxo IgG, CD4-T lymphocytes, and plasma viral load (PVL) were measured using ELISA, flow cytometry, and real-time PCR, respectively. RESULTS Overall, 56% of the participants were seropositive for anti-Toxo IgG, while 33% were negative and 11% were equivocal. All (n=19) those with PVL>1000 copies/mL were seropositive to anti-Toxo IgG versus 52.85% (37/70) with PVL<1000 copies/mL; p<0.0001. Interestingly, all (n=11) those with severe immunodeficiency (T-CD4<200 cells/μL) were positive to anti-Toxo IgG versus 57.69% (45/78) with T-CD4>200 cells/μL; p<0.0001. Most importantly, PVL and anti- Toxo IgG concentration were positively correlated (r = 0.54; p<0.0001), while T-CD4 and anti- Toxo IgG concentration were negatively correlated (r = - 0.70; p<0.0001). Adjusting age, gender, immune status, and virological profile in logistic regression shows that only immune status was independently associated with the serological status of toxoplasmosis (p=0.0004). CONCLUSION In Cameroon, about half of PLHIV might be seropositive to anti-Toxo IgG, with decreasing immunity appearing as a risk of toxoplasmosis relapse. Thus, in the context of immunodeficiency, routine quantification of anti-Toxo IgG would alleviate the programmatic burden of this opportunistic infection in RLS with the generalized HIV epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude Christelle Ka'e
- Chantal BIYA International Reference Center for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Samuel Martin Sosso
- Chantal BIYA International Reference Center for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Joseph Fokam
- Chantal BIYA International Reference Center for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Rachel Kamgaing Simo
- Chantal BIYA International Reference Center for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Sara Riwom Essama
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Alex Durand Nka
- Chantal BIYA International Reference Center for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Bouba Yagai
- Chantal BIYA International Reference Center for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | - Michel Carlos Tommo Tchouaket
- Chantal BIYA International Reference Center for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Collins Chenwi
- Chantal BIYA International Reference Center for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Aissatou Abba
- Chantal BIYA International Reference Center for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Nadine Fainguem
- Chantal BIYA International Reference Center for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Marie Krystel Nnomo Zam
- Chantal BIYA International Reference Center for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Junie Flore Yimga
- Chantal BIYA International Reference Center for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | - Alexis Ndjolo
- Chantal BIYA International Reference Center for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Yaounde, Cameroon
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Li Z, Sun CY, Yang RD, Xu CJ, Chen MC, Zhang YJ, Cong W, Zhu XQ, Liu Y, Zou FC. A Large-Scale Serological Survey of Toxoplasma gondii Infection Among Persons Participated in Health Screening in Yunnan Province, Southwestern China. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2019; 19:441-445. [PMID: 30801237 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2018.2334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Surveys of Toxoplasma gondii infection in animals have been reported in Yunnan province, southwestern China. However, limited information is available regarding the epidemiology of T. gondii infection among persons participated in health screening in Yunnan. From January 2014 to December 2016, a large-scale and cross-sectional serological survey was conducted to reveal the seroprevalence of T. gondii infection in persons participated in health screening in three major hospitals. A total of 64,533 serum samples were collected and anti-T. gondii antibodies were examined by commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. The total seroprevalence of T. gondii infection was 6.67% (4306/64,533). Of these, 3721 persons (5.77%, 3721/64,533) were positive for Immunoglobulin G (IgG) only, 473 persons (0.73%, 473/64,533) were positive for Immunoglobulin M (IgM) only, and 112 persons (0.17%, 112/64,533) were positive for both IgG and IgM. Female seroprevalence (6.83%, 3167/46,389) was higher than male (6.28%, 1139/18,144). The highest seroprevalence of T. gondii infection was found in the age range of 41-50 years (10.60%, 228/2150) (p < 0.001). The seroprevalence in 2014, 2015, and 2016 were 6.39% (1083/16,946), 6.24% (1261/20,201), and 7.16% (1962/27,386), respectively. The results showed that T. gondii infection is common in persons participated in health screening in Yunnan province, which has significant public health concern. Thus, improved integrated measures should be executed to prevent and control T. gondii infection humans and animals in Yunnan province.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Li
- 1 College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Yi Sun
- 2 Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Ren-Dan Yang
- 1 College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Chang-Jun Xu
- 2 Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Mei-Chen Chen
- 3 Yan'an Hospital of Kunming City and Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Yun-Jiang Zhang
- 4 Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province and Yunnan Red Cross Hospital, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Wei Cong
- 5 College of Marine Science, Shandong University, Weihai, P.R. China
| | - Xing-Quan Zhu
- 6 State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- 2 Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Feng-Cai Zou
- 1 College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, P.R. China
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Li T, Qian F, Yuan T, Xu W, Zhu L, Huang J, Wang H, Zhu Y, Wang Y, Li X, Gu S, Tan Z, Chen H, Luo X, Zhu W, Lu W, Xu P, Li M, Chen Y, Gao Y, Yang R, Zhu C, Sun B. Drug resistance mutation profiles of the drug-naïve and first-line regimen-treated HIV-1-infected population of Suzhou, China. Virol Sin 2017; 32:271-279. [PMID: 28795354 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-017-4002-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the prevalence of drug-resistant mutations in HIV-1-positive individuals in Suzhou, China. To elucidate the transmitted drug resistance (TDR) and acquired drug resistance mutation (ADR) profiles, we collected blood specimens from 127 drug-naïve and 117 first-line drug-treated HIV-1-infected individuals sampled from 2014 to 2016 in Suzhou. We successfully amplified pol fragments from 100 drug-naïve and 20 drug-treated samples. We then determined the drug-resistant mutations to protease (PR) and reverse-transcriptase (RT) inhibitors according to the Stanford drug resistance database. Overall, 11 and 13 individuals had transmitted (drug-naïve group) and acquired (treated group) resistance mutations, respectively. Six transmitted drug-resistant mutations were found, including two mutations (L33F and L76V) in the protease region and four (K70N/E and V179D/E) in the RT region. Only L76V was a major mutation, and K70N/E and V179D/E are known to cause low-level resistance to RT inhibitors. All 13 treated participants who had major drug resistance mutations demonstrated intermediate to high resistance to efavirenz and nevirapine, and six had a treatment duration of less than three months. No major mutations to RT inhibitors were found, implying that the epidemic of transmitted resistance mutations was not significant in this area. Our results suggest that more frequent virus load and drug resistance mutation tests should be conducted for individuals receiving antiretroviral treatment, especially for newly treated patients. Our research provides insights into the occurrence of HIV-1 drug resistance in Suzhou and will help to optimize the treatment strategy for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Li
- Research Group of HIV-1 Molecular Epidemiology and Virology, The State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Feng Qian
- Division of HIV-1/AIDS, the Fifth People's Hospital of Suzhou, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Ting Yuan
- Research Group of HIV-1 Molecular Epidemiology and Virology, The State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Weilu Xu
- Division of HIV-1/AIDS, the Fifth People's Hospital of Suzhou, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Division of HIV-1/AIDS, the Fifth People's Hospital of Suzhou, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Jinlong Huang
- Division of HIV-1/AIDS, the Fifth People's Hospital of Suzhou, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Division of HIV-1/AIDS, the Fifth People's Hospital of Suzhou, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Yueping Zhu
- Division of HIV-1/AIDS, the Fifth People's Hospital of Suzhou, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Yinling Wang
- Division of HIV-1/AIDS, the Fifth People's Hospital of Suzhou, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Division of HIV-1/AIDS, the Fifth People's Hospital of Suzhou, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Saihong Gu
- Division of HIV-1/AIDS, the Fifth People's Hospital of Suzhou, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Zhuqing Tan
- Division of HIV-1/AIDS, the Fifth People's Hospital of Suzhou, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Division of HIV-1/AIDS, the Fifth People's Hospital of Suzhou, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Xiangrong Luo
- Division of HIV-1/AIDS, the Fifth People's Hospital of Suzhou, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Division of HIV-1/AIDS, the Fifth People's Hospital of Suzhou, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Wenjuan Lu
- Division of HIV-1/AIDS, the Fifth People's Hospital of Suzhou, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Division of HIV-1/AIDS, the Fifth People's Hospital of Suzhou, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Ming Li
- Division of HIV-1/AIDS, the Fifth People's Hospital of Suzhou, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Yuying Chen
- Research Group of HIV-1 Molecular Epidemiology and Virology, The State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Yong Gao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Rongge Yang
- Research Group of HIV-1 Molecular Epidemiology and Virology, The State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Chuanwu Zhu
- Division of HIV-1/AIDS, the Fifth People's Hospital of Suzhou, Suzhou, 215000, China.
| | - Binlian Sun
- Research Group of HIV-1 Molecular Epidemiology and Virology, The State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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