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Eschrig S, Schäffer M, Shu LJ, Illig T, Eibel S, Fernandez A, Ranf S. LORE receptor homomerization is required for 3-hydroxydecanoic acid-induced immune signaling and determines the natural variation of immunosensitivity within the Arabidopsis genus. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:2163-2179. [PMID: 38532564 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
The S-domain-type receptor-like kinase (SD-RLK) LIPOOLIGOSACCHARIDE-SPECIFIC REDUCED ELICITATION (LORE) from Arabidopsis thaliana is a pattern recognition receptor that senses medium-chain 3-hydroxy fatty acids, such as 3-hydroxydecanoic acid (3-OH-C10:0), to activate pattern-triggered immunity. Here, we show that LORE homomerization is required to activate 3-OH-C10:0-induced immune signaling. Fluorescence lifetime imaging in Nicotiana benthamiana demonstrates that AtLORE homomerizes via the extracellular and transmembrane domains. Co-expression of AtLORE truncations lacking the intracellular domain exerts a dominant negative effect on AtLORE signaling in both N. benthamiana and A. thaliana, highlighting that homomerization is essential for signaling. Screening for 3-OH-C10:0-induced reactive oxygen species production revealed natural variation within the Arabidopsis genus. Arabidopsis lyrata and Arabidopsis halleri do not respond to 3-OH-C10:0, although both possess a putative LORE ortholog. Both LORE orthologs have defective extracellular domains that bind 3-OH-C10:0 to a similar level as AtLORE, but lack the ability to homomerize. Thus, ligand binding is independent of LORE homomerization. Analysis of AtLORE and AlyrLORE chimera suggests that the loss of AlyrLORE homomerization is caused by several amino acid polymorphisms across the extracellular domain. Our findings shed light on the activation mechanism of LORE and the loss of 3-OH-C10:0 perception within the Arabidopsis genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Eschrig
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Chair of Phytopathology, Technical University of Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan, 85354, Germany
| | - Milena Schäffer
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Chair of Phytopathology, Technical University of Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan, 85354, Germany
| | - Lin-Jie Shu
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Chair of Phytopathology, Technical University of Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan, 85354, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, 1700, Switzerland
| | - Tina Illig
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Chair of Phytopathology, Technical University of Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan, 85354, Germany
| | - Sonja Eibel
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Chair of Phytopathology, Technical University of Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan, 85354, Germany
| | - Atiara Fernandez
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Chair of Phytopathology, Technical University of Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan, 85354, Germany
| | - Stefanie Ranf
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Chair of Phytopathology, Technical University of Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan, 85354, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, 1700, Switzerland
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Gao S, Li C. CrRLK1L receptor kinases-regulated pollen-pistil interactions. REPRODUCTION AND BREEDING 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repbre.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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3
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Chen SY, Wang L, Jia PF, Yang WC, Sze H, Li HJ. Osmoregulation determines sperm cell geometry and integrity for double fertilization in flowering plants. MOLECULAR PLANT 2022; 15:1488-1496. [PMID: 35918896 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2022.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Distinct from the motile flagellated sperm of animals and early land plants, the non-motile sperm cells of flowering plants are carried in the pollen grain to the female pistil. After pollination, a pair of sperm cells are delivered into the embryo sac by pollen tube growth and rupture. Unlike other walled plant cells with an equilibrium between internal turgor pressure and mechanical constraints of the cell walls, sperm cells wrapped inside the cytoplasm of a pollen vegetative cell have only thin and discontinuous cell walls. The sperm cells are uniquely ellipsoid in shape, although it is unclear how they maintain this shape within the pollen tubes and after release. In this study, we found that genetic disruption of three endomembrane-associated cation/H+ exchangers specifically causes sperm cells to become spheroidal in hydrated pollens of Arabidopsis. Moreover, the released mutant sperm cells are vulnerable and rupture before double fertilization, leading to failed seed set, which can be partially rescued by depletion of the sperm-expressed vacuolar water channel. These results suggest a critical role of cell-autonomous osmoregulation in adjusting the sperm cell shape for successful double fertilization in flowering plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peng-Fei Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wei-Cai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Heven Sze
- Department of Cell Biology & Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Hong-Ju Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Luo Y, Shi DQ, Jia PF, Bao Y, Li HJ, Yang WC. Nucleolar histone deacetylases HDT1, HDT2 and HDT3 regulate plant reproductive development. J Genet Genomics 2021; 49:30-39. [PMID: 34699991 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nucleolus is a membrane-less organelle where ribosomes are assembled and rRNAs transcribed and processed. The assembled ribosomes composed of ribosomal proteins and rRNAs synthesize proteins for cell survival. In plants, the loss of nucleolar ribosomal proteins often causes gametophytically or embryonically lethality. The amount of rRNAs are under stringent regulation according to demand and partially switched off by epigenetic modifications. However, the molecular mechanism for the selective activation or silencing is still unclear, and the transcriptional coordination of rRNAs and ribosomal proteins is also unknown. Here we report the critical role of three Arabidopsis nucleolar protein HDT1, HDT2 and HDT3 in fertility and transcription of rDNAs and rRNA processing-related genes through histone acetylation. This study highlights the important roles of transcriptional repression of ribosome biogenesis-related genes for plant reproductive development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dong-Qiao Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peng-Fei Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yuan Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hong-Ju Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei-Cai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Liu C, Shen L, Xiao Y, Vyshedsky D, Peng C, Sun X, Liu Z, Cheng L, Zhang H, Han Z, Chai J, Wu HM, Cheung AY, Li C. Pollen PCP-B peptides unlock a stigma peptide-receptor kinase gating mechanism for pollination. Science 2021; 372:171-175. [PMID: 33833120 DOI: 10.1126/science.abc6107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sexual reproduction in angiosperms relies on precise communications between the pollen and pistil. The molecular mechanisms underlying these communications remain elusive. We established that in Arabidopsis, a stigmatic gatekeeper, the ANJEA-FERONIA (ANJ-FER) receptor kinase complex, perceives the RAPID ALKALINIZATION FACTOR peptides RALF23 and RALF33 to induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the stigma papillae, whereas pollination reduces stigmatic ROS, allowing pollen hydration. Upon pollination, the POLLEN COAT PROTEIN B-class peptides (PCP-Bs) compete with RALF23/33 for binding to the ANJ-FER complex, leading to a decline of stigmatic ROS that facilitates pollen hydration. Our results elucidate a molecular gating mechanism in which distinct peptide classes from pollen compete with stigma peptides for interaction with a stigmatic receptor kinase complex, allowing the pollen to hydrate and germinate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Liu
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lianping Shen
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Xiao
- School of Life Sciences, Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - David Vyshedsky
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular and Cell Biology Program, Plant Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Chao Peng
- National Facility for Protein Science in Shanghai, Zhangjiang Lab, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, CAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Sun
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiwen Liu
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijun Cheng
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhifu Han
- School of Life Sciences, Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jijie Chai
- School of Life Sciences, Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hen-Ming Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular and Cell Biology Program, Plant Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Alice Y Cheung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular and Cell Biology Program, Plant Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Chao Li
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
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6
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Yu CY, Zhang HK, Wang N, Gao XQ. Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins mediate the interactions between pollen/pollen tube and pistil tissues. PLANTA 2021; 253:19. [PMID: 33394122 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03526-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In flowering plants, pollen germination on the stigma and pollen tube growth in pistil tissues are critical for sexual plant reproduction, which are involved in the interactions between pollen/pollen tube and pistil tissues. GPI-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) are located on the external surface of the plasma membrane and function in various processes of sexual plant reproduction. The evidences suggest that GPI-APs participate in endosome machinery, Ca2+ oscillations, the development of the transmitting tract, the maintenance of the integrity of pollen tube, the enhancement of interactions of the receptor-like kinase (RLK) and ligand, and guidance of the growth of pollen tube, and so on. In this review, we will summarize the recent progress on the roles of GPI-APs in the interactions between pollen/pollen tube and pistil tissues during pollination, such as pollen germination on the stigma, pollen tube growth in the transmitting tract, pollen tube guidance to the ovule, and pollen tube reception in the embryo sac. We will also discuss the future outlook of GPI-APs in the interactions between pollen/pollen tube and pistil tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai Yu Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Huan Kai Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Ning Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Xin-Qi Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China.
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7
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Chen W, Jia PF, Yang WC, Li HJ. Plasma membrane H + -ATPases-mediated cytosolic proton gradient regulates pollen tube growth. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 62:1817-1822. [PMID: 32520397 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The polar growth of pollen tubes is essential for the delivery of sperm cells during fertilization in angiosperms. How this polar growth is regulated has been a long-standing question. An in vitro pharmacological assay previously implicated proton flux in pollen tube growth, although genetic and cellular supporting evidence was lacking. Here, we report that protons form a gradient from the pollen tube tip to the shank region and this gradient is generated by three members of Arabidopsis H+ -ATPases (AHAs). Genetic analysis suggested that these AHAs are essential for pollen tube growth, thus providing new insight into the regulation of polar growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Peng-Fei Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Wei-Cai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hong-Ju Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
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8
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Doucet J, Lee HK, Udugama N, Xu J, Qi B, Goring DR. Investigations into a putative role for the novel BRASSIKIN pseudokinases in compatible pollen-stigma interactions in Arabidopsis thaliana. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:549. [PMID: 31829135 PMCID: PMC6907349 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2160-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the Brassicaceae, the early stages of compatible pollen-stigma interactions are tightly controlled with early checkpoints regulating pollen adhesion, hydration and germination, and pollen tube entry into the stigmatic surface. However, the early signalling events in the stigma which trigger these compatible interactions remain unknown. RESULTS A set of stigma-expressed pseudokinase genes, termed BRASSIKINs (BKNs), were identified and found to be present in only core Brassicaceae genomes. In Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0, BKN1 displayed stigma-specific expression while the BKN2 gene was expressed in other tissues as well. CRISPR deletion mutations were generated for the two tandemly linked BKNs, and very mild hydration defects were observed for wild-type Col-0 pollen when placed on the bkn1/2 mutant stigmas. In further analyses, the predominant transcript for the stigma-specific BKN1 was found to have a premature stop codon in the Col-0 ecotype, but a survey of the 1001 Arabidopsis genomes uncovered three ecotypes that encoded a full-length BKN1 protein. Furthermore, phylogenetic analyses identified intact BKN1 orthologues in the closely related outcrossing Arabidopsis species, A. lyrata and A. halleri. Finally, the BKN pseudokinases were found to be plasma-membrane localized through the dual lipid modification of myristoylation and palmitoylation, and this localization would be consistent with a role in signaling complexes. CONCLUSION In this study, we have characterized the novel Brassicaceae-specific family of BKN pseudokinase genes, and examined the function of BKN1 and BKN2 in the context of pollen-stigma interactions in A. thaliana Col-0. Additionally, premature stop codons were identified in the predicted stigma specific BKN1 gene in a number of the 1001 A. thaliana ecotype genomes, and this was in contrast to the out-crossing Arabidopsis species which carried intact copies of BKN1. Thus, understanding the function of BKN1 in other Brassicaceae species will be a key direction for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Doucet
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3B2 Canada
| | - Hyun Kyung Lee
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3B2 Canada
| | - Nethangi Udugama
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3B2 Canada
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF UK
- College of Horticulture, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding City, 071001 Hebei Province China
| | - Baoxiu Qi
- School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF UK
| | - Daphne R. Goring
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3B2 Canada
- Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution & Function, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3B2 Canada
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Feng H, Liu C, Fu R, Zhang M, Li H, Shen L, Wei Q, Sun X, Xu L, Ni B, Li C. LORELEI-LIKE GPI-ANCHORED PROTEINS 2/3 Regulate Pollen Tube Growth as Chaperones and Coreceptors for ANXUR/BUPS Receptor Kinases in Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT 2019; 12:1612-1623. [PMID: 31541739 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2019.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Pollen tube growth is crucial for successful fertilization. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the ANXUR (ANX)/BUPS receptor kinase complex controls and maintains pollen tube growth in response to autocrine rapid alkalinization factor 4/19 (RALF4/19) signaling; however, the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the ANX/BUPS-mediated regulation of pollen tube growth remain unclear. In this study, we found that pollen-specific LORELEI-like GPI-anchored proteins 2 and 3 (LLG2/3) promote pollen tube growth in vitro and in vivo. LLG2/3 interacte with ANX/BUPS in a RALF4-concentration-dependent manner, suggesting that ANX/BUPS and LLG2/3 might form a receptor-coreceptor complex for perceiving RALF peptide signals. Disruption of the ANX/BUPS-LLG2/3 interaction led to the cytoplasmic retention of ANX1/2, in either llg2/3 knockdown mutants or in anx1/2 mutants lacking the J region, which mediates the ANX/BUPS-LLG2/3 interaction. Moreover, we found that RALF4 induced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which stimulate pollen tube growth and reduce pollen burst rate. ROS levels are reduced in the pollen tubes of LLG2/3 RNAi lines, and application of exogenous H2O2 could partially rescue the defective pollen tube growth of LLG2/3 RNAi lines. Taken together, our study identifies LLG2/3 as novel regulatory components of pollen tube growth, and shows that they chaperone ANX/BUPS for secretion to the apical plasma membrane of pollen tube and act as coreceptors of ANX/BUPS in the activation of ROS production for promoting pollen tube growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanqian Feng
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Chen Liu
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Rong Fu
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Minmin Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Hui Li
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Lianping Shen
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Qiqi Wei
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xiang Sun
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Lin Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bin Ni
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Chao Li
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
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10
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TICKET attracts pollen tubes and mediates reproductive isolation between relative species in Brassicaceae. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2019; 62:1413-1419. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-019-9833-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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11
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Golgi-localized LOT regulates trans-Golgi network biogenesis and pollen tube growth. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:12307-12312. [PMID: 30413616 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1809206115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The trans-Golgi network (TGN) is an essential tubular-vesicular organelle derived from the Golgi and functions as an independent sorting and trafficking hub within the cell. However, the molecular regulation of TGN biogenesis remains enigmatic. Here we identified an Arabidopsis mutant loss of TGN (lot) that is defective in TGN formation and sterile due to impaired pollen tube growth in the style. The mutation leads to overstacking of the Golgi cisternae and significant reduction in the number of TGNs and vesicles surrounding the Golgi in pollen, which is corroborated by the dispersed cytosolic distribution of TGN-localized proteins. Consistently, deposition of extracellular pectin and plasma membrane localization of kinases and phosphoinositide species are also impaired. Subcellular localization analysis suggests that LOT is localized on the periphery of the Golgi cisternae, but the mutation does not affect the localization of Golgi-resident proteins. Furthermore, the yeast complementation result suggests that LOT could functionally act as a component of the guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) complex of small Rab GTPase Ypt6. Taken together, these findings suggest that LOT is a critical player for TGN biogenesis in the plant lineage.
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12
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Zhu L, Chu LC, Liang Y, Zhang XQ, Chen LQ, Ye D. The Arabidopsis CrRLK1L protein kinases BUPS1 and BUPS2 are required for normal growth of pollen tubes in the pistil. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 95:474-486. [PMID: 29763520 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In flowering plants, the interaction of pollen tubes with female tissues is important for the accomplishment of double fertilization. Little information is known about the mechanisms that underlie signalling between pollen tubes and female tissues. In this study, two Arabidopsis pollen tube-expressed CrRLK1L protein kinases, Buddha's Paper Seal 1 (BUPS1) and BUPS2, were identified as being required for normal tip growth of pollen tubes in the pistil. They are expressed prolifically in pollen and pollen tubes and are localized on the plasma membrane of the pollen tube tip region. Mutations in BUPS1 drastically reduced seed set. Most of the bups1 mutant pollen tubes growing in the pistil exhibited a swollen pollen tube tip, leading to failure of fertilization. The bups2 pollen tubes had a slightly abnormal morphology but could still accomplish double fertilization. The bups1 bups2 double mutant exhibited a slightly enhanced phenotype compared to the single bups1 mutants. The BUPS1 proteins could form homomers and heteromers with BUPS2, whereas BUPS2 could only form heteromers with BUPS1. The BUPS proteins could interact with the Arabidopsis pollen-expressed RopGEFs in the yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assays. The results indicated that the BUPSs may mediate normal polar growth of pollen tubes in the pistil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Liang-Cui Chu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Qin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Qun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - De Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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13
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Ke M, Gao Z, Chen J, Qiu Y, Zhang L, Chen X. Auxin controls circadian flower opening and closure in the waterlily. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:143. [PMID: 29996787 PMCID: PMC6042438 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1357-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flowers open at sunrise and close at sunset, establishing a circadian floral movement rhythm to facilitate pollination as part of reproduction. By the coordination of endogenous factors and environmental stimuli, such as circadian clock, photoperiod, light and temperature, an appropriate floral movement rhythm has been established; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. RESULTS In our study, we use waterlily as a model which represents an early-diverging grade of flowering plants, and we aim to reveal the general mechanism of flower actions. We found that the intermediate segment of petal cells of waterlily are highly flexible, followed by a circadian cell expansion upon photoperiod stimuli. Auxin causes constitutively flower opening while auxin inhibitor suppresses opening event. Subsequent transcriptome profiles generated from waterlily's intermediate segment of petals at different day-time points showed that auxin is a crucial phytohormone required for floral movement rhythm via the coordination of YUCCA-controlled auxin synthesis, GH3-mediated auxin homeostasis, PIN and ABCB-dependent auxin efflux as well as TIR/AFB-AUX/IAA- and SAUR-triggered auxin signaling. Genes involved in cell wall organization were downstream of auxin events, resulting in the output phenotypes of rapid cell expansion during flower opening and cell shrinkage at flower closure stage. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our data demonstrate a central regulatory role of auxin in floral movement rhythm and provide a global understanding of flower action in waterlily, which could be a conserved feature of angiosperms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyu Ke
- College of Horticulture and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian China
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
| | - Zhen Gao
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
| | - Jianqing Chen
- College of Horticulture and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian China
| | - Yuting Qiu
- College of Horticulture and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian China
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
| | - Liangsheng Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian China
| | - Xu Chen
- College of Horticulture and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian China
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
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Abstract
In this introductory chapter, we describe male germline development in plants taking Arabidopsis thaliana as a reference species. We first describe the transition from sporophytic to germline development, then microsporogenesis including meiosis, followed by male gametophyte development prior to pollination, and finally the progamic phase culminating in double fertilization, which leads to the formation of the embryo and the endosperm. For detailed information on some of these processes or on the molecular underpinning of certain fate transitions, we refer the reader to recent reviews. An important but often neglected aspect of male gametophyte development is the formation of the unique pollen cell wall. In contrast to that of other plant cells, the pollen cell wall is composed of two principal layers, the intine and exine. While the intine, the inner pecto-cellulosic cell wall layer, is biochemically and structurally similar to a "classical" plant cell wall, the exine is a unique composite with sporopollenin as its main component. Biosynthesis of the cell wall is remarkably similar between the spores of mosses and ferns, and pollen of seed plants, although slight differences exist, even between closely related species (reviewed in Wallace et al., AoB Plants 2011:plr027, 2011). In the latter sections of this chapter, we will present a brief overview of cell wall development in Arabidopsis pollen, where this aspect has been intensively studied.
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15
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Li HJ, Yang WC. Ligands Switch Model for Pollen-Tube Integrity and Burst. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 23:369-372. [PMID: 29571836 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In flowering plants, pollen tubes deliver and release the immotile sperms to the female gametes for fertilization, but mechanisms remain unclear. New results show that the RALF family peptides control pollen-tube integrity and burst by binding to CrRLK1L family receptors and cell wall leucine-rich repeat extensins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Ju Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Wei-Cai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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16
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Li HJ, Meng JG, Yang WC. Multilayered signaling pathways for pollen tube growth and guidance. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2018; 31:31-41. [PMID: 29441420 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-018-0324-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Sexual reproductive success is essential for the survival of all higher organisms. As the most prosperous and diverse group of land plants on earth, flowering plants evolved highly sophisticated fertilization mechanisms. To adapt to the terrestrial environment, a tubular structure pollen tube has been evolved to deliver the immobile sperm cells to the egg and central cell enclosed within the ovule. The pollen tube is generated from the vegetative cell of the pollen (male gametophyte), where two sperm cells are hosted. Pollen tube elongation in the maternal tissue and navigation to the ovule require intimate cell-cell interactions between the tube and female tissues. Questions on how the single-celled pollen tube accomplishes such task and how the female tissues accommodate the tube have attracted many plant biologists. Here, we review recent progresses and concepts in understanding the molecular mechanisms governing pollen tube growth and its interactions with the female tissues. We will also discuss the future perspective in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Ju Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, East Lincui Road, Beijing, 100101, China.
- The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Jiang-Guo Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, East Lincui Road, Beijing, 100101, China
- The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wei-Cai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, East Lincui Road, Beijing, 100101, China.
- The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China.
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17
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Yu Y, Song J, Tian X, Zhang H, Li L, Zhu H. Arabidopsis PRK6 interacts specifically with AtRopGEF8/12 and induces depolarized growth of pollen tubes when overexpressed. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2018; 61:100-112. [PMID: 28795376 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-016-9107-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The pollen receptor kinases (PRK) are critical regulators of pollen tube growth. The Arabidopsis genome encodes eight PRK genes, of which six are highly expressed in pollen tubes. The potential functions of AtPRK1 through AtPRK5, but not of AtPRK6, in pollen growth were analyzed in tobacco. Herein, AtPRK6 was cloned, and its function was identified. AtPRK6 was expressed specifically in pollen tubes. A yeast two-hybrid screen of AtPRK6 against 14 Arabidopsis Rop guanine nucleotide exchange factors (RopGEFs) showed that AtPRK6 interacted with AtRopGEF8 and AtRopGEF12. These interactions were confirmed in Arabidopsis mesophyll protoplasts. The interactions between AtPRK6 and AtRopGEF8/12 were mediated by the C-termini of AtRopGEF8/12 and by the juxtamembrane and kinase domain of AtPRK6, but were not dependent on the kinase activity. In addition, transient overexpression of AtPRK6::GFP in Arabidopsis protoplasts revealed that AtPRK6 was localized to the plasma membrane. Tobacco pollen tubes overexpressing AtPRK6 exhibited shorter tubes with enlarged tips. This depolarized tube growth required the kinase domain of AtPRK6 and was not dependent on kinase activity. Taken together, the results show that AtPRK6, through its juxtamembrane and kinase domains (KD), interacts with AtRopGEF8/12 and plays crucial roles in polarized growth of pollen tubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuexuan Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Jiali Song
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Xiaohui Tian
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Haiwen Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Legong Li
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Huifen Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China.
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18
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Kanda N, Ichikawa M, Ono A, Toyoda A, Fujiyama A, Abe J, Tsuchikane Y, Nishiyama T, Sekimoto H. CRISPR/Cas9-based knockouts reveal that CpRLP1 is a negative regulator of the sex pheromone PR-IP in the Closterium peracerosum-strigosum-littorale complex. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17873. [PMID: 29259295 PMCID: PMC5736609 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18251-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterothallic strains of the Closterium peracerosum-strigosum-littorale (C. psl.) complex have two sexes, mating-type plus (mt+) and mating-type minus (mt-). Conjugation between these two sexes is regulated by two sex pheromones, protoplast-release-inducing protein (PR-IP) and PR-IP Inducer, which are produced by mt+ and mt- cells, respectively. PR-IP mediates the release of protoplasts from mt- cells during mating. In this study, we examined the mechanism of action of CpRLP1 (receptor-like protein 1), which was previously identified in a cDNA microarray analysis as one of the PR-IP-inducible genes. Using CRISPR/Cas9 technology, we generated CpRLP1 knockout mutants in mt- cells of the C. psl. complex. When the knockout mt- cells were mixed with wild-type mt+ cells, conjugation was severely reduced. Many cells released protoplasts without pairing, suggesting a loss of synchronization between the two mating partners. Furthermore, the knockout mutants were hypersensitive to PR-IP. We conclude that CpRLP1 is a negative regulator of PR-IP that regulates the timing of protoplast release in conjugating C. psl. cells. As the first report of successful gene knockout in the class Charophyceae, this study provides a basis for research aimed at understanding the ancestral roles of genes that are indispensable for the development of land plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naho Kanda
- Graduate School of Science, Japan Women's University, 2-8-1 Mejirodai, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8681, Japan
| | - Machiko Ichikawa
- Graduate School of Science, Japan Women's University, 2-8-1 Mejirodai, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8681, Japan
| | - Ayaka Ono
- Faculty of Science, Japan Women's University, 2-8-1 Mejirodai, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8681, Japan
| | - Atsushi Toyoda
- Center for Information Biology, National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540, Japan
| | - Asao Fujiyama
- Center for Information Biology, National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540, Japan
| | - Jun Abe
- Faculty of Science, Japan Women's University, 2-8-1 Mejirodai, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8681, Japan
| | - Yuki Tsuchikane
- Faculty of Science, Japan Women's University, 2-8-1 Mejirodai, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8681, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Nishiyama
- Advanced Science Research Center, Kanazawa University, Takaramachi 13-1, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-0934, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sekimoto
- Graduate School of Science, Japan Women's University, 2-8-1 Mejirodai, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8681, Japan.
- Faculty of Science, Japan Women's University, 2-8-1 Mejirodai, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8681, Japan.
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19
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The integration of Gβ and MAPK signaling cascade in zygote development. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8732. [PMID: 28821747 PMCID: PMC5562876 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08230-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells respond to many signals with a limited number of signaling components. Heterotrimeric G proteins and MAPK cascades are universally used by eukaryotic cells to transduce signals in various developmental processes or stress responses by activating different effectors. MAPK cascade is integrated with G proteins by scaffold protein during plant immunity. However, the molecular relationship between G proteins and MAPK modules in plant development is still unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that Arabidopsis Gβ protein AGB1 interacts with MPK3 and 6, MKK4 and 5, as well as the regulatory domains of YODA (YDA), the upstream MEKK of MKK4/5. Remarkably, YDA interacts with the plasma membrane associated SHORT SUSPENSOR (SSP) through its N- and C-terminal region in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, genetic analysis shows that AGB1 functions together with MPK3/6 signaling cascade during the asymmetric division of the zygote. These data indicate that Gβ may function likely as a scaffold, through direct physical interaction with the components of the MPK signaling module in plant development. Our results provide new insights into the molecular functions of G protein and will advance the understanding of the complex mechanism of kinase signaling cascades.
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20
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Zhou JM, Yang WC. Receptor-like kinases take center stage in plant biology. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2016; 59:863-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-016-5112-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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