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Gene complementation strategies for filamentous fungi biotechnology. Process Biochem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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Zhang T, Cai G, Rong X, Xu J, Jiang B, Wang H, Li X, Wang L, Zhang R, He W, Yu L. Mining and characterization of the PKS-NRPS hybrid for epicoccamide A: a mannosylated tetramate derivative from Epicoccum sp. CPCC 400996. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:249. [PMID: 36419162 PMCID: PMC9685919 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01975-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genomic analysis indicated that the genomes of ascomycetes might carry dozens of biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), yet many clusters have remained enigmatic. The ascomycete genus Epicoccum, belonging to the family Didymellaceae, is ubiquitous that colonizes different types of substrates and is associated with phyllosphere or decaying vegetation. Species of this genus are prolific producers of bioactive substances. The epicoccamides, as biosynthetically distinct mannosylated tetramate, were first isolated in 2003 from Epicoccum sp. In this study, using a combination of genome mining, chemical identification, genetic deletion, and bioinformatic analysis, we identified the required BGC epi responsible for epicoccamide A biosynthesis in Epicoccum sp. CPCC 400996. RESULTS The unconventional biosynthetic gene cluster epi was obtained from an endophyte Epicoccum sp. CPCC 400996 through AntiSMASH-based genome mining. The cluster epi includes six putative open reading frames (epiA-epiF) altogether, in which the epiA encodes a tetramate-forming polyketide synthase and nonribosomal peptide synthetases (PKS-NRPS hybrid). Sequence alignments and bioinformatic analysis to other metabolic pathways of fungal tetramates, we proposed that the gene cluster epi could be involved in generating epicoccamides. Genetic knockout of epiA completely abolished the biosynthesis of epicoccamide A (1), thereby establishing the correlation between the BGC epi and biosynthesis of epicoccamide A. Bioinformatic adenylation domain signature analysis of EpiA and other fungal PKS-NRPSs (NRPs) indicated that the EpiA is L-alanine incorporating tetramates megasynthase. Furthermore, based on the molecular structures of epicoccamide A and deduced gene functions of the cluster epi, a hypothetic metabolic pathway for biosynthesizing compound 1 was proposed. The corresponding tetramates releasing during epicoccamide A biosynthesis was catalyzed through Dieckmann-type cyclization, in which the reductive (R) domain residing in terminal module of EpiA accomplished the conversion. These results unveiled the underlying mechanism of epicoccamides biosynthesis and these findings might provide opportunities for derivatization of epicoccamides or generation of new chemical entities. CONCLUSION Genome mining and genetic inactivation experiments unveiled a previously uncharacterized PKS - NRPS hybrid-based BGC epi responsible for the generation of epicoccamide A (1) in endophyte Epicoccum sp. CPCC 400996. In addition, based on the gene cluster data, a hypothetical biosynthetic pathway of epicoccamide A was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Guowei Cai
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050 China ,grid.452240.50000 0004 8342 6962Medical Research Center, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, 256603 Shandong China
| | - Xiaoting Rong
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050 China ,grid.510447.30000 0000 9970 6820College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003 Jiangsu China
| | - Jingwen Xu
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Bingya Jiang
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Hao Wang
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Xinxin Li
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Lu Wang
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Ran Zhang
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Wenni He
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Liyan Yu
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050 China
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Spermidine and 1,3-Diaminopropane Have Opposite Effects on the Final Stage of Cephalosporin C Biosynthesis in High-Yielding Acremonium chrysogenum Strain. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314625. [PMID: 36498951 PMCID: PMC9738377 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The addition of exogenous polyamines increases the production of antibiotic cephalosporin C (CPC) in Acremonium chrysogenum high-yielding (HY) strain during fermentation on a complex medium. However, the molecular basis of this phenomenon is still unknown. In the current study, we developed a special synthetic medium on which we revealed the opposite effect of polyamines. The addition of 1,3-diaminopropane resulted in an increase in the yield of CPC by 12-15%. However, the addition of spermidine resulted in a decrease in the yield of CPC by 14-15% and accumulation of its metabolic pathway precursor, deacetylcephalosporin C (DAC); the total amount of cephems (DAC and CPC) was the same as after the addition of DAP. This indicates that spermidine, but not 1,3-diaminopropane, affects the final stage of CPC biosynthesis, associated with the acetylation of its precursor. In both cases, upregulation of biosynthetic genes from beta-lactam BGCs occurred at the same level as compared to the control; expression of transport genes was at the control level. The opposite effect may be due to the fact that N1-acetylation is much more efficient during spermidine catabolism than for 1,3-diaminopropane. The addition of spermidine, but not 1,3-diaminopropane, depleted the pool of acetyl coenzyme A by more than two-fold compared to control, which could lead to the accumulation of DAC.
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Cephalosporin C biosynthesis and fermentation in Acremonium chrysogenum. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:6413-6426. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12181-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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5
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Zhgun A, Dumina M, Valiakhmetov A, Eldarov M. The critical role of plasma membrane H+-ATPase activity in cephalosporin C biosynthesis of Acremonium chrysogenum. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238452. [PMID: 32866191 PMCID: PMC7458343 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The filamentous fungus Acremonium chrysogenum is the main industrial producer of cephalosporin C (CPC), one of the major precursors for manufacturing of cephalosporin antibiotics. The plasma membrane H+-ATPase (PMA) plays a key role in numerous fungal physiological processes. Previously we observed a decrease of PMA activity in A. chrysogenum overproducing strain RNCM 408D (HY) as compared to the level the wild-type strain A. chrysogenum ATCC 11550. Here we report the relationship between PMA activity and CPC biosynthesis in A. chrysogenum strains. The elevation of PMA activity in HY strain through overexpression of PMA1 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, under the control of the constitutive gpdA promoter from Aspergillus nidulans, results in a 1.2 to 10-fold decrease in CPC production, shift in beta-lactam intermediates content, and is accompanied by the decrease in cef genes expression in the fermentation process; the characteristic colony morphology on agar media is also changed. The level of PMA activity in A. chrysogenum HY OE::PMA1 strains has been increased by 50–100%, up to the level observed in WT strain, and was interrelated with ATP consumption; the more PMA activity is elevated, the more ATP level is depleted. The reduced PMA activity in A. chrysogenum HY strain may be one of the selected events during classical strain improvement, aimed at elevating the ATP content available for CPC production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Zhgun
- Research Center of Biotechnology RAS, Moscow, Russia
- * E-mail:
| | - Mariya Dumina
- Research Center of Biotechnology RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ayrat Valiakhmetov
- Skryabin Institute of Biophysics and Physiology of Microorganisms, RAS, Pushchino, Russia
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Yu M, Yu J, Cao H, Yong M, Liu Y. Genome-wide identification and analysis of the GATA transcription factor gene family in Ustilaginoidea virens. Genome 2019; 62:807-816. [PMID: 31437416 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2018-0190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In filamentous fungi, the conserved transcription factors play important roles in multiple cellular and developmental processes. The GATA proteins, a family of GATA-binding zinc finger transcription factors, play diverse functions in fungi. Ustilaginoidea virens is an economically important pathogen-causing rice false smut worldwide. To gain additional insight into the cellular and molecular mechanisms of this pathogen, in this study, we identified and functionally characterized seven GATA proteins from the U. virens genome (UvGATA). Sequences analysis indicated that these GATA proteins are divided into seven clades. The proteins in each clade contained conserved clade-specific sequences and structures, thus leading to the same motif serving different purposes in various contexts. The expression profiles of UvGATA genes at different infection stages and under H2O2 stress were detected. Results showed that the majority of UvGATA genes performed functions at both processes, thereby confirming the roles of these genes in pathogenicity and reactive oxygen species stress tolerance. This study provided an important starting point to further explore the biological functions of UvGATA genes and increased our understanding of their potential transcriptional regulatory mechanisms in U. virens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Yu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing 210014, China.,Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Junjie Yu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing 210014, China.,Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Huijuan Cao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing 210014, China.,Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Mingli Yong
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing 210014, China.,Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yongfeng Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing 210014, China.,Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing 210014, China
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7
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Genetic mining of the “dark matter” in fungal natural products. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2019; 62:1250-1252. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-019-9818-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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8
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Liu X, Zheng G, Wang G, Jiang W, Li L, Lu Y. Overexpression of the diguanylate cyclase CdgD blocks developmental transitions and antibiotic biosynthesis in Streptomyces coelicolor. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2019; 62:1492-1505. [PMID: 31228045 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-019-9549-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic dimeric GMP (c-di-GMP) has emerged as the nucleotide second messenger regulating both development and antibiotic production in high-GC, Gram-positive streptomycetes. Here, a diguanylate cyclase (DGC), CdgD, encoded by SCO5345 from the model strain Streptomyces coelicolor, was functionally identified and characterized to be involved in c-di-GMP synthesis through genetic and biochemical analysis. cdgD overexpression resulted in significantly reduced production of actinorhodin and undecylprodigiosin, as well as completely blocked sporulation or aerial mycelium formation on two different solid media. In the cdgD-overexpression strain, intracellular c-di-GMP levels were 13-27-fold higher than those in the wild-type strain. In vitro enzymatic assay demonstrated that CdgD acts as a DGC, which could efficiently catalyze the synthesis of c-di-GMP from two GTP molecules. Heterologous overproduction of cdgD in two industrial Streptomyces strains could similarly impair developmental transitions as well as antibiotic biosynthesis. Collectively, our results combined with previously reported data clearly demonstrated that c-di-GMP-mediated signalling pathway plays a central and universal role in the life cycle as well as secondary metabolism in streptomycetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.,School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Guosong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Gang Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Weihong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, SICAM, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Lei Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Yinhua Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200232, China.
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9
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Li C, He H, Wang J, Liu H, Wang H, Zhu Y, Wang X, Zhang Y, Xiang W. Characterization of a LAL-type regulator NemR in nemadectin biosynthesis and its application for increasing nemadectin production in Streptomyces cyaneogriseus. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2019; 62:394-405. [PMID: 30689104 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-018-9442-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nemadectin, a macrocyclic lactone antibiotic, is produced by Streptomyces cyaneogriseus ssp. noncyanogenus. A methoxime derivative of nemadectin, moxdectin, has been widely used to control insect and helminth in animal health. Despite the importance of nemadectin, little attention has been paid to the regulation of nemadectin biosynthesis, which has hindered efforts to improve nemadectin production via genetic manipulation of regulatory genes. Here, we characterize the function of nemR, the cluster-situated regulatory gene encoding a LAL-family transcriptional regulator, in the nemadectin biosynthesis gene cluster of S. cyaneogriseus ssp. noncyanogenus NMWT1. NemR is shown to be essential for nemadectin production and found to directly activate the transcription of nemA1-1/A1-2/A2, nemC and nemA4/A3/E/D operons, but indirectly activate that of nemG and nemF. A highly conserved sequence 5'-TGGGGTGKATAGGGGGTA-3' (K=T/G) is verified to be essential for NemR binding. Moreover, four novel targets of NemR, including genes encoding an SsgA-like protein (TU94_12730), a methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (TU94_19950), a thioesterase of oligomycin biosynthesis (TU94_22425) and a MFS family transporter (TU94_24835) are identified. Overexpression of nemR significantly increased nemadectin production by 79.9%, in comparison with NMWT1, suggesting that nemR plays an important role in the nemadectin biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.,School of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.,College of Food and Bioengineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | - Hairong He
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.,School of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Jiabin Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.,School of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.,School of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yajie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiangjing Wang
- School of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Wensheng Xiang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China. .,School of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
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10
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Li H, Hu P, Wang Y, Pan Y, Liu G. Enhancing the production of cephalosporin C through modulating the autophagic process of Acremonium chrysogenum. Microb Cell Fact 2018; 17:175. [PMID: 30424777 PMCID: PMC6233533 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-018-1021-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Autophagy is used for degradation of cellular components and nutrient recycling. Atg8 is one of the core proteins in autophagy and used as a marker for autophagic detection. However, the autophagy of filamentous fungi is poorly understood compared with that of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Our previous study revealed that disruption of the autophagy related gene Acatg1 significantly enhanced cephalosporin C yield through reducing degradation of cephalosporin biosynthetic proteins in Acremonium chrysogenum, suggesting that modulation of autophagic process is one promising way to increase antibiotic production in A. chrysogenum. Results In this study, a S. cerevisiae ATG8 homologue gene Acatg8 was identified from A. chrysogenum. Acatg8 could complement the ATG8 mutation in S. cerevisiae, indicating that Acatg8 is a functional homologue of ATG8. Microscope observation demonstrated the fluorescently labeled AcAtg8 was localized in the cytoplasm and autophagosome of A. chrysogenum, and the expression of Acatg8 was induced by nutrient starvation. Gene disruption and genetic complementation revealed that Acatg8 is essential for autophagosome formation. Disruption of Acatg8 significantly reduced fungal conidiation and delayed conidial germination. Localization of GFP-AcAtg8 implied that autophagy is involved in the early phase of conidial germination. Similar to Acatg1, disruption of Acatg8 remarkably enhanced cephalosporin C yield. The cephalosporin C biosynthetic enzymes (isopenicillin N synthase PcbC and isopenicillin N epimerase CefD2) and peroxisomes were accumulated in the Acatg8 disruption mutant (∆Acatg8), which might be the main reasons for the enhancement of cephalosporin C production. However, the biomass of ΔAcatg8 decreased drastically at the late stage of fermentation, suggesting that autophagy is critical for A. chrysogenum cell survival under nutrition deprived condition. Disruption of Acatg8 also resulted in accumulation of mitochondria, which might produce more reactive oxygen species (ROS) which promotes fungal death. However, the premature death is unfavorable for cephalosporin C production. To solve this problem, a plasmid containing Acatg8 under control of the xylose/xylan-inducible promoter was introduced into ∆Acatg8. Conidiation and growth of the recombinant strain restored to the wild-type level in the medium supplemented with xylose, while the cephalosporin C production maintained at a high level even prolonged fermentation. Conclusions Our results demonstrated inducible expression of Acatg8 and disruption of Acatg8 remarkably increased cephalosporin C production. This study provides a promising approach for yield improvement of cephalosporin C in A. chrysogenum. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12934-018-1021-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Pengjie Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yuanyuan Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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11
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SCO3129, a TetR family regulator, is responsible for osmotic stress in Streptomyces coelicolor. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2018; 3:261-267. [PMID: 30417142 PMCID: PMC6223229 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptomyces are the soil-dwelling bacteria with a complex lifecycle and a considerable ability to produce a variety of secondary metabolites. Osmoregulation is important for their lifecycle in nature. In the genome of Streptomyces coelicolor M145, SCO3128 (encodes a putative fatty acid desaturase), SCO3129 (encodes a putative TetR family regulator) and SCO3130 (encodes a putative l-carnitine dehydratase) constitute a transcriptional unit, and its transcript was found to be in response to osmotic stress. Disruption of SCO3130 led to a bald phenotype on MMG medium and the mycelia lysis on the edge of the colony when KCl/NaCl was added to the medium. These results indicated that SCO3130 is important for the osmotic stress resistance in S. coelicolor. Transcriptional analysis and electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) demonstrated that SCO3129 repressed the transcription of SCO3128-3130 operon through directly binding to the promoter region of SCO3128, indicating that SCO3129 regulates the transcription of SCO3128-3130 in response to osmotic stress.
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12
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Wang Y, Hu P, Li H, Wang Y, Long LK, Li K, Zhang X, Pan Y, Liu G. A Myb transcription factor represses conidiation and cephalosporin C production in Acremonium chrysogenum. Fungal Genet Biol 2018; 118:1-9. [PMID: 29870835 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Acremonium chrysogenum is the industrial producer of cephalosporin C (CPC). We isolated a mutant (AC554) from a T-DNA inserted mutant library of A. chrysogenum. AC554 exhibited a reduced conidiation and lack of CPC production. In consistent with it, the transcription of cephalosporin biosynthetic genes pcbC and cefEF was significantly decreased in AC554. Thermal asymmetric interlaced polymerase chain reaction (TAIL-PCR) was performed and sequence analysis indicated that a T-DNA was inserted upstream of an open reading frame (ORF) which was designated AcmybA. On the basis of sequence analysis, AcmybA encodes a Myb domain containing transcriptional factor. Observation of red fluorescent protein (RFP) tagged AcMybA showed that AcMybA is naturally located in the nucleus of A. chrysogenum. Transcriptional analysis demonstrated that the AcmybA transcription was increased in AC554. In contrast, the AcmybA deleted mutant (ΔAcmybA) overproduced conidia and CPC. To screen the targets of AcmybA, we sequenced and compared the transcriptome of ΔAcmybA, AC554 and the wild-type strain at different developmental stages. Twelve differentially expressed regulatory genes were identified. Taken together, our results indicate that AcMybA negatively regulates conidiation and CPC production in A. chrysogenum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Pengjie Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Honghua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Liang-Kun Long
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Kuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yuanyuan Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Liu J, Gao W, Pan Y, Liu G. Metabolic engineering of Acremonium chrysogenum for improving cephalosporin C production independent of methionine stimulation. Microb Cell Fact 2018; 17:87. [PMID: 29879990 PMCID: PMC5992653 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-018-0936-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cephalosporin C (CPC) produced by Acremonium chrysogenum is one of the most important drugs for treatment of bacterial infectious diseases. As the major stimulant, methionine is widely used in the industrial production of CPC. In this study, we found methionine stimulated CPC production through enhancing the accumulation of endogenous S-adenosylmethionine (SAM). To overcome the methionine dependent stimulation of CPC production, the methionine cycle of A. chrysogenum was reconstructed by metabolic engineering. Results Three engineered strains were obtained by overexpressing the SAM synthetase gene AcsamS and the cystathionine-γ-lyase gene mecB, and disrupting a SAM dependent methyltransferase gene Acppm1, respectively. Overexpression of AcsamS resulted in fourfold increase of CPC production which reached to 129.7 µg/mL. Disruption of Acppm1 also increased CPC production (up to 135.5 µg/mL) through enhancing the accumulation of intracellular SAM. Finally, an optimum recombinant strain (Acppm1DM-mecBOE) was constructed through overexpressing mecB in the Acppm1 disruption mutant. In this strain, CPC production reached to the maximum value (142.7 µg/mL) which was 5.5-fold of the wild-type level and its improvement was totally independent of methionine stimulation. Conclusions In this study, we constructed a recombinant strain in which the improvement of CPC production was totally independent of methionine stimulation. This work provides an economic route for improving CPC production in A. chrysogenum through metabolic engineering. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12934-018-0936-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wenyan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yuanyuan Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Guo Z, Hao T, Wang Y, Pan Y, Ren F, Liu X, Che Y, Liu G. VerZ, a Zn(II) 2Cys 6 DNA-binding protein, regulates the biosynthesis of verticillin in Clonostachys rogersoniana. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2017; 163:1654-1663. [PMID: 29058652 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Verticillins are the dimeric epipolythiodioxopiperazines (ETPs) produced by the fungus Clonostachys rogersoniana. Despite their profound biological effects, they are commonly produced in rice medium as complex mixtures that are difficult to separate, limiting further study and evaluation for this class of metabolites. Therefore, there is an urgent need to understand the regulation of verticillin biosynthesis. Recently, we cloned the biosynthetic gene cluster of verticillin (ver), and identified the only regulatory gene verZ in this cluster. The deduced product of verZ contains a basic Zn(II)2Cys6 DNA-binding domain. Disruption of verZ significantly reduced the production of 11'-deoxyverticillin A (C42) and decreased the transcriptional level of the verticillin biosynthetic genes. To further reveal its function, a recombinant gene encoding the DNA-binding domain of VerZ was expressed in E. coli and the His6-tagged VerZbd was purified to homogeneity by Ni-NTA chromatography. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) showed that VerZbd bound specifically to the promoter regions of the verticillin biosynthetic genes. Bioinformatic analysis of the VerZbd-binding regions revealed a conserved palindromic sequence of (T/C)(C/A)(G/T)GN3CC(G/T)(A/G)(G/C). Base substitution of the conserved sequence completely abolished the binding activity of VerZbd to its targets. These results suggested that VerZ controls verticillin production through directly activating transcription of the biosynthetic genes in C. rogersoniana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Tianchao Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Fengxia Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Xingzhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Yongsheng Che
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
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