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Latoszek E, Czeredys M. Molecular Components of Store-Operated Calcium Channels in the Regulation of Neural Stem Cell Physiology, Neurogenesis, and the Pathology of Huntington's Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:657337. [PMID: 33869222 PMCID: PMC8047111 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.657337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the major Ca2+ signaling pathways is store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE), which is responsible for Ca2+ flow into cells in response to the depletion of endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ stores. SOCE and its molecular components, including stromal interaction molecule proteins, Orai Ca2+ channels, and transient receptor potential canonical channels, are involved in the physiology of neural stem cells and play a role in their proliferation, differentiation, and neurogenesis. This suggests that Ca2+ signaling is an important player in brain development. Huntington’s disease (HD) is an incurable neurodegenerative disorder that is caused by polyglutamine expansion in the huntingtin (HTT) protein, characterized by the loss of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic medium spiny neurons (MSNs) in the striatum. However, recent research has shown that HD is also a neurodevelopmental disorder and Ca2+ signaling is dysregulated in HD. The relationship between HD pathology and elevations of SOCE was demonstrated in different cellular and mouse models of HD and in induced pluripotent stem cell-based GABAergic MSNs from juvenile- and adult-onset HD patient fibroblasts. The present review discusses the role of SOCE in the physiology of neural stem cells and its dysregulation in HD pathology. It has been shown that elevated expression of STIM2 underlying the excessive Ca2+ entry through store-operated calcium channels in induced pluripotent stem cell-based MSNs from juvenile-onset HD. In the light of the latest findings regarding the role of Ca2+ signaling in HD pathology we also summarize recent progress in the in vitro differentiation of MSNs that derive from different cell sources. We discuss advances in the application of established protocols to obtain MSNs from fetal neural stem cells/progenitor cells, embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, and induced neural stem cells and the application of transdifferentiation. We also present recent progress in establishing HD brain organoids and their potential use for examining HD pathology and its treatment. Moreover, the significance of stem cell therapy to restore normal neural cell function, including Ca2+ signaling in the central nervous system in HD patients will be considered. The transplantation of MSNs or their precursors remains a promising treatment strategy for HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Latoszek
- Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Czeredys
- Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Chu L, Yin H, Gao L, Gao L, Xia Y, Zhang C, Chen Y, Liu T, Huang J, Boheler KR, Zhou Y, Yang HT. Cardiac Na +-Ca 2+ exchanger 1 (ncx1h) is critical for the ventricular cardiomyocyte formation via regulating the expression levels of gata4 and hand2 in zebrafish. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2020; 64:255-268. [PMID: 32648190 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-019-1706-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Ca2+ signaling is critical for heart development; however, the precise roles and regulatory pathways of Ca2+ transport proteins in cardiogenesis remain largely unknown. Sodium-calcium exchanger 1 (Ncx1) is responsible for Ca2+ efflux in cardiomyocytes. It is involved in cardiogenesis, while the mechanism is unclear. Here, using the forward genetic screening in zebrafish, we identified a novel mutation at a highly-conserved leucine residue in ncx1 gene (mutantLDD353/ncx1hL154P) that led to smaller hearts with reduced heart rate and weak contraction. Mechanistically, the number of ventricular but not atrial cardiomyocytes was reduced in ncx1hL154P zebrafish. These defects were mimicked by knockdown or knockout of ncx1h. Moreover, ncx1hL154P had cytosolic and mitochondrial Ca2+ overloading and Ca2+ transient suppression in cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, ncx1hL154P and ncx1h morphants downregulated cardiac transcription factors hand2 and gata4 in the cardiac regions, while overexpression of hand2 and gata4 partially rescued cardiac defects including the number of ventricular myocytes. These findings demonstrate an essential role of the novel 154th leucine residue in the maintenance of Ncx1 function in zebrafish, and reveal previous unrecognized critical roles of the 154th leucine residue and Ncx1 in the formation of ventricular cardiomyocytes by at least partially regulating the expression levels of gata4 and hand2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Chu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology and Laboratory of Development and Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), CAS, Shanghai, 200031, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, CAS, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Huimin Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology and Laboratory of Development and Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), CAS, Shanghai, 200031, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, CAS, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Lei Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology and Laboratory of Development and Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), CAS, Shanghai, 200031, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, CAS, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Li Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yu Xia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology and Laboratory of Development and Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), CAS, Shanghai, 200031, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, CAS, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Chiyuan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology and Laboratory of Development and Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), CAS, Shanghai, 200031, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, CAS, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yi Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Tingxi Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology and Laboratory of Development and Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), CAS, Shanghai, 200031, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, CAS, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jijun Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology and Laboratory of Development and Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), CAS, Shanghai, 200031, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, CAS, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Kenneth R Boheler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Yong Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology and Laboratory of Development and Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), CAS, Shanghai, 200031, China. .,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, CAS, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Huang-Tian Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology and Laboratory of Development and Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), CAS, Shanghai, 200031, China. .,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, CAS, Beijing, 100101, China.
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Guo C, Webb SE, Chan CM, Miller AL. TPC2-mediated Ca 2+ signaling is required for axon extension in caudal primary motor neurons in zebrafish embryos. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs244780. [PMID: 32546534 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.244780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of two-pore channel type 2 (TPC2, encoded by tcpn2)-mediated Ca2+ release was recently characterized in zebrafish during establishment of the early spinal circuitry, one of the key events in the coordination of neuromuscular activity. Here, we extend our study to investigate the in vivo role of TPC2 in the regulation of caudal primary motor neuron (CaP) axon extension. We used a combination of TPC2 knockdown with a translation-blocking morpholino antisense oligonucleotide (MO), TPC2 knockout via the generation of a tpcn2dhkz1a mutant line of zebrafish using CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing and pharmacological inhibition of TPC2 via incubation with bafilomycin A1 (an H+-ATPase inhibitor) or trans-ned-19 (an NAADP receptor antagonist), and showed that these treatments attenuated CaP Ca2+ signaling and inhibited axon extension. We also characterized the expression of an arc1-like transcript in CaPs grown in primary culture. MO-mediated knockdown of ARC1-like in vivo led to attenuation of the Ca2+ transients in the CaP growth cones and an inhibition of axon extension. Together, our new data suggest a link between ARC1-like, TPC2 and Ca2+ signaling during axon extension in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Guo
- Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory for Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sarah E Webb
- Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory for Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ching Man Chan
- Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory for Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Andrew L Miller
- Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory for Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
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Furlan S, Campione M, Murgia M, Mosole S, Argenton F, Volpe P, Nori A. Calsequestrins New Calcium Store Markers of Adult Zebrafish Cerebellum and Optic Tectum. Front Neuroanat 2020; 14:15. [PMID: 32372920 PMCID: PMC7188384 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2020.00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium stores in neurons are heterogeneous in compartmentalization and molecular composition. Danio rerio (zebrafish) is an animal model with a simply folded cerebellum similar in cellular organization to that of mammals. The aim of the study was to identify new endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium store markers in zebrafish adult brain with emphasis on cerebellum and optic tectum. By quantitative polymerase chain reaction, we found three RNA transcripts coding for the intra-ER calcium binding protein calsequestrin: casq1a, casq1b, and casq2. In brain homogenates, two isoforms were detected by mass spectrometry and western blotting. Fractionation experiments of whole brain revealed that Casq1a and Casq2 were enriched in a heavy fraction containing ER microsomes and synaptic membranes. By in situ hybridization, we found the heterogeneous expression of casq1a and casq2 mRNA to be compatible with the cellular localization of calsequestrins investigated by immunofluorescence. Casq1 was expressed in neurogenic differentiation 1 expressing the granule cells of the cerebellum and the periventricular zone of the optic tectum. Casq2 was concentrated in parvalbumin expressing Purkinje cells. At a subcellular level, Casq1 was restricted to granular cell bodies, and Casq2 was localized in cell bodies, dendrites, and axons. Data are discussed in relation to the differential cellular and subcellular distribution of other cerebellum calcium store markers and are evaluated with respect to the putative relevance of calsequestrins in the neuron-specific functional activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Furlan
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute of Neuroscience, Padova, Italy
| | - Marina Campione
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute of Neuroscience, Padova, Italy
| | - Marta Murgia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Istituto Interuniversitario di Miologia, Padova, Italy.,Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Simone Mosole
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | - Pompeo Volpe
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Istituto Interuniversitario di Miologia, Padova, Italy
| | - Alessandra Nori
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Istituto Interuniversitario di Miologia, Padova, Italy
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Cao H, Zhu X, Zhang J, Xu M, Ge L, Zhang C. Dose-dependent effects of tetramethylpyrazine on the characteristics of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells for stroke therapy. Neurosci Lett 2020; 722:134797. [PMID: 32067986 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.134797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (ucMSCs) may serve as a new source for cell therapy in stroke patients; however, the poor efficiency of viability, migration, and differentiation limit the application of ucMSCs. This study determined the dose-dependent effects of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) on the characteristics of ucMSCs in vitro. The effect on proliferation was determined with Cell Counting kit-8 assays. Cell migration was analyzed with Transwell assays and western blot analysis. Differentiation of ucMSCs was evaluated according to markers and the expression of relevant proteins and genes. Secretion capacity was detected by ELISA analysis. TMP protected ucMSCs against H2O2 induced-oxidative damage but had no influence on ucMSC activity at a low concentration. Furthermore, ucMSC migration was improved by TMP via the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis. The observed effects were dose dependent. At a high dose, however, TMP induced the differentiation of ucMSCs into neuron-like cells that expressed neuron-specific markers. In addition, the secretion of cytokines was significantly increased by TMP. Therefore, TMP pre-treatment of ucMSCs may be an effective strategy to enhance the efficiency of ucMSC transplantation in stroke therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Cao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinease Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Xiaofei Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinease Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinease Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinease Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Liang Ge
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinease Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Chunbing Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinease Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
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Fan Y, Zhang J. Dietary Modulation of Intestinal Microbiota: Future Opportunities in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis and Multiple Sclerosis. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:740. [PMID: 31040833 PMCID: PMC6476896 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease that affects the functioning of the central nervous system (CNS). Recent studies on MS and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), have shown that the composition and abundance of microbes in the intestinal microbiota are an environmental risk factor for the development of MS and EAE. Changes in certain microbial populations in the gastrointestinal tract can cause MS in humans, but MS inflammation can be reduced or even prevented by introducing other commensal microbes that produce beneficial metabolites. Other risk factors for MS include the presence of an altered gut physiology and the interaction between the intestinal microbiota and the immune system. Metabolites including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), such as butyrate, are the primary signaling molecules produced by the intestinal microbiota that interact with the host immune system, suggesting an association between MS pathophysiology and gut microbiota. In addition, several host microRNAs present in the gut have been found to interact with the intestinal microbial community, these interactions may indirectly affect the neurological system. Increasing evidence has shown that regulation of the intestinal microbiota is an important approach for reducing MS inflammation. Thus, here we review the use of diet to alter the gut microbiota and its application in the treatment and prevention of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Fan
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Junmei Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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