1
|
Temaj G, Chichiarelli S, Telkoparan-Akillilar P, Saha S, Nuhii N, Hadziselimovic R, Saso L. P53: A key player in diverse cellular processes including nuclear stress and ribosome biogenesis, highlighting potential therapeutic compounds. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 226:116332. [PMID: 38830426 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor proteins are key transcription factors involved in the regulation of various cellular processes, such as apoptosis, DNA repair, cell cycle, senescence, and metabolism. The tumor suppressor protein p53 responds to different type of stress signaling, such as hypoxia, DNA damage, nutrient deprivation, oncogene activation, by activating or repressing the expression of different genes that target processes mentioned earlier. p53 has the ability to modulate the activity of many other proteins and signaling pathway through protein-protein interaction, post-translational modifications, or non-coding RNAs. In many cancers the p53 is found to be mutated or inactivated, resulting in the loss of its tumor suppressor function and acquisition of new oncogenic properties. The tumor suppressor protein p53 also plays a role in the development of other metabolic disorders such as diabetes, obesity, and fatty liver disease. In this review, we will summarize the current data and knowledge on the molecular mechanisms and the functions of p53 in different pathways and processes at the cellular level and discuss the its implications for human health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gazmend Temaj
- Faculty of Pharmacy, College UBT, 10000 Prishtina, Kosovo.
| | - Silvia Chichiarelli
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Sarmistha Saha
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Applied Sciences & Humanities, GLA University, Mathura 00185, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Nexhibe Nuhii
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Tetovo, 1200 Tetovo, Macedonia.
| | - Rifat Hadziselimovic
- Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", La Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wu L, Qiao L, Zhang S, Qiu J, Du Z, Sun Y, Chang X, Li L, Li C, Qiao X, Yin X, Hua Z. Dual-Engineered Macrophage-Microbe Encapsulation for Metastasis Immunotherapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2406140. [PMID: 39023382 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202406140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Lung metastases are the leading cause of death among cancer patients. The challenges of inefficient drug delivery, compounded by a robust immunosuppressive microenvironment, make effective treatment difficult. Here, an innovative dual-engineered macrophage-microbe encapsulation (Du-EMME) therapy is developed that integrates modified macrophages and engineered antitumor bacteria. These engineered macrophages, termed R-GEM cells, are designed to express RGD peptides on extracellular membranes, enhancing their tumor cell binding and intratumor enrichment. R-GEM cells are cocultured with attenuated Salmonella typhimurium VNP20009, producing macrophage-microbe encapsulation (R-GEM/VNP cells). The intracellular bacteria maintain bioactivity for more than 24 h, and the bacteria released from R-GEM/VNP cells within the tumor continue to exert bacteria-mediated antitumor effects. This is further supported by macrophage-based chemotaxis and camouflage, which enhance the intratumoral enrichment and biocompatibility of the bacteria. Additionally, R-GEM cells loaded with IFNγ-secreting strains (VNP-IFNγ) form R-GEM/VNP-IFNγ cells. Treatment with these cells effectively halts lung metastatic tumor progression in three mouse models (breast cancer, melanoma, and colorectal cancer). R-GEM/VNP-IFNγ cells vigorously activate the tumor microenvironment, suppressing tumor-promoting M2-type macrophages, MDSCs, and Tregs, and enhancing tumor-antagonizing M1-type macrophages, mature DCs, and Teffs. Du-EMME therapy offers a promising strategy for targeted and enhanced antitumor immunity in treating cancer metastases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leyang Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Neurology of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Life Sciences and The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, P. R. China
- Nanjing Generecom Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, P. R. China
- Changzhou High-Tech Research Institute of Nanjing University and Jiangsu TargetPharma Laboratories, Inc., Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213164, P. R. China
| | - Liyuan Qiao
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Neurology of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Life Sciences and The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Shuhui Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Neurology of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Life Sciences and The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Jiahui Qiu
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Neurology of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Life Sciences and The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Zengzheng Du
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Neurology of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Life Sciences and The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Ying Sun
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Neurology of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Life Sciences and The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyao Chang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Neurology of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Life Sciences and The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Lin Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Neurology of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Life Sciences and The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Chenyang Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Neurology of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Life Sciences and The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Xinyue Qiao
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Neurology of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Life Sciences and The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Xingpeng Yin
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Neurology of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Life Sciences and The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Zichun Hua
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Neurology of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Life Sciences and The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, P. R. China
- Nanjing Generecom Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, P. R. China
- Changzhou High-Tech Research Institute of Nanjing University and Jiangsu TargetPharma Laboratories, Inc., Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213164, P. R. China
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453002, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hu X, Chen J, Dai W, Xiao Y, Chen X, Chen Z, Zhang S, Hu Y. PHLDA1-PRDM1 mediates the effect of lentiviral vectors on fate-determination of human retinal progenitor cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:305. [PMID: 39012348 PMCID: PMC11335229 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05279-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Lentiviral vectors have markedly enhanced gene therapy efficiency in treating congenital diseases, but their long-term safety remains controversial. Most gene therapies for congenital eye diseases need to be carried out at early ages, yet the assessment of related risks to ocular development posed by lentiviral vectors is challenging. Utilizing single-cell transcriptomic profiling on human retinal organoids, this study explored the impact of lentiviral vectors on the retinal development and found that lentiviral vectors can cause retinal precursor cells to shift toward photoreceptor fate through the up-regulation of key fate-determining genes such as PRDM1. Further investigation demonstrated that the intron and intergenic region of PRDM1 was bound by PHLDA1, which was also up-regulated by lentiviral vectors exposure. Importantly, knockdown of PHLDA1 successfully suppressed the lentivirus-induced differentiation bias of photoreceptor cells. The findings also suggest that while lentiviral vectors may disrupt the fate determination of retinal precursor cells, posing risks in early-stage retinal gene therapy, these risks could potentially be reduced by inhibiting the PHLDA1-PRDM1 axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wangxuan Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhua Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheyao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuyao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Youjin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zeng H, Zhang Y, Liu N, Wei Q, Yang F, Li J. Stimulus-Responsive Nanodelivery and Release Systems for Cancer Gene Therapy: Efficacy Improvement Strategies. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:7099-7121. [PMID: 39045344 PMCID: PMC11265383 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s470637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction of exogenous genes into target cells to overcome various tumor diseases caused by genetic defects or abnormalities and gene therapy, a new treatment method, provides a promising strategy for tumor treatment. Over the past decade, gene therapy has made exciting progress; however, it still faces the challenge of low nucleic acid delivery and release efficiencies. The emergence of nonviral vectors, primarily nanodelivery and release systems (NDRS), has resulted in a historic breakthrough in the application of gene therapy. NDRS, especially stimulus-responsive NDRS that can respond in a timely manner to changes in the internal and external microenvironment (eg, low pH, high concentration of glutathione/reactive oxygen species, overexpressed enzymes, temperature, light, ultrasound, and magnetic field), has shown excellent loading and release advantages in the precision and efficiency of tumor gene therapy and has been widely applied. The only disadvantage is that poor transfection efficiency limits the in-depth application of gene therapy in clinical practice, owing to the presence of biological barriers in the body. Therefore, this review first introduces the development history of gene therapy, the current obstacles faced by gene delivery, strategies to overcome these obstacles, and conventional vectors, and then focuses on the latest research progress in various stimulus-responsive NDRS for improving gene delivery efficiency. Finally, the future challenges and prospects that stimulus-responsive NDRS may face in clinical application and transformation are discussed to provide references for enhancing in-depth research on tumor gene therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huamin Zeng
- Cancer Prevention and Treatment Institute of Chengdu, Department of Pathology, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Fifth People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiran Zhang
- Cancer Prevention and Treatment Institute of Chengdu, Department of Pathology, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Fifth People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People’s Republic of China
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ningyi Liu
- Cancer Prevention and Treatment Institute of Chengdu, Department of Pathology, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Fifth People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People’s Republic of China
- School of Basic Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637007, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingqing Wei
- Cancer Prevention and Treatment Institute of Chengdu, Department of Pathology, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Fifth People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People’s Republic of China
- School of Basic Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637007, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fan Yang
- Cancer Prevention and Treatment Institute of Chengdu, Department of Pathology, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Fifth People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Li
- Institute of Herbgenomics, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Taghdiri M, Mussolino C. Viral and Non-Viral Systems to Deliver Gene Therapeutics to Clinical Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7333. [PMID: 39000440 PMCID: PMC11242246 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Clustered regularly interspersed short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) technology has revolutionized the field of gene therapy as it has enabled precise genome editing with unprecedented accuracy and efficiency, paving the way for clinical applications to treat otherwise incurable genetic disorders. Typically, precise genome editing requires the delivery of multiple components to the target cells that, depending on the editing platform used, may include messenger RNA (mRNA), protein complexes, and DNA fragments. For clinical purposes, these have to be efficiently delivered into transplantable cells, such as primary T lymphocytes or hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells that are typically sensitive to exogenous substances. This challenge has limited the broad applicability of precise gene therapy applications to those strategies for which efficient delivery methods are available. Electroporation-based methodologies have been generally applied for gene editing applications, but procedure-associated toxicity has represented a major burden. With the advent of novel and less disruptive methodologies to deliver genetic cargo to transplantable cells, it is now possible to safely and efficiently deliver multiple components for precise genome editing, thus expanding the applicability of these strategies. In this review, we describe the different delivery systems available for genome editing components, including viral and non-viral systems, highlighting their advantages, limitations, and recent clinical applications. Recent improvements to these delivery methods to achieve cell specificity represent a critical development that may enable in vivo targeting in the future and will certainly play a pivotal role in the gene therapy field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Taghdiri
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center-University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Ph.D. Program, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Claudio Mussolino
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center-University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Manav N, Jit BP, Kataria B, Sharma A. Cellular and epigenetic perspective of protein stability and its implications in the biological system. Epigenomics 2024:1-22. [PMID: 38884355 DOI: 10.1080/17501911.2024.2351788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein stability is a fundamental prerequisite in both experimental and therapeutic applications. Current advancements in high throughput experimental techniques and functional ontology approaches have elucidated that impairment in the structure and stability of proteins is intricately associated with the cause and cure of several diseases. Therefore, it is paramount to deeply understand the physical and molecular confounding factors governing the stability of proteins. In this review article, we comprehensively investigated the evolution of protein stability, examining its emergence over time, its relationship with organizational aspects and the experimental methods used to understand it. Furthermore, we have also emphasized the role of Epigenetics and its interplay with post-translational modifications (PTMs) in regulating the stability of proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Manav
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi, Ansari Nagar, 110029, India
| | - Bimal Prasad Jit
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi, Ansari Nagar, 110029, India
| | - Babita Kataria
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Institute, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jhajjar, 124105, India
| | - Ashok Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi, Ansari Nagar, 110029, India
- Department of Biochemistry, National Cancer Institute, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jhajjar, 124105, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kavousinia P, Ahmadi MH, Sadeghian H, Hosseini Bafghi M. Therapeutic potential of CRISPR/CAS9 genome modification in T cell-based immunotherapy of cancer. Cytotherapy 2024; 26:436-443. [PMID: 38466263 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2024.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Today, genome editing technologies like zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) are being used in clinical trials and the treatment of diseases like acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and cancer. CRISPR stands out as one of the most advanced tools for genome editing due to its simplicity and cost-effectiveness. It can selectively modify specific locations in the genome, offering new possibilities for treating human diseases. The CRISPR system uses ribonucleic acid-deoxyribonucleic acid (RNA-DNA) recognition to combat infections, regulate gene expression, and treat cancer. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, which uses T lymphocytes to eliminate cancer cells, can be improved by combining it with CRISPR technology. However, there are challenges in using CAR-T cells, including a lack of quantity and quality, exhaustion, neurotoxicity, cytokine release syndrome (CRS), B cell aplasia, tumor lysis syndrome, and anaphylaxis. Preclinical studies on CRISPR-edited CAR-T cells show promising results and targeting detrimental regulatory genes can enhance cancer treatment in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pegah Kavousinia
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedical and Rehabilitation Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Ahmadi
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedical and Rehabilitation Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid Sadeghian
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedical and Rehabilitation Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahdi Hosseini Bafghi
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedical and Rehabilitation Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li Y, Zheng Y, Liu T, Liao C, Shen G, He Z. The potential and promise for clinical application of adoptive T cell therapy in cancer. J Transl Med 2024; 22:413. [PMID: 38693513 PMCID: PMC11064426 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05206-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapy has revolutionized cancer treatment, especially for hematologic malignancies. T cells are the most extensively utilized cells in adoptive cell therapy. Currently, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, T cell receptor-transgenic T cells and chimeric antigen receptor T cells are the three main adoptive T cell therapies. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes kill tumors by reinfusing enlarged lymphocytes that naturally target tumor-specific antigens into the patient. T cell receptor-transgenic T cells have the ability to specifically destroy tumor cells via the precise recognition of exogenous T cell receptors with major histocompatibility complex. Chimeric antigen receptor T cells transfer genes with specific antigen recognition structural domains and T cell activation signals into T cells, allowing T cells to attack tumors without the assistance of major histocompatibility complex. Many barriers have been demonstrated to affect the clinical efficacy of adoptive T cell therapy, such as tumor heterogeneity and antigen loss, hard trafficking and infiltration, immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and T cell exhaustion. Several strategies to improve the efficacy of adoptive T cell therapy have been explored, including multispecific chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy, combination with immune checkpoint blockade, targeting the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, etc. In this review, we will summarize the current status and clinical application, followed by major bottlenecks in adoptive T cell therapy. In addition, we will discuss the promising strategies to improve adoptive T cell therapy. Adoptive T cell therapy will result in even more incredible advancements in solid tumors if the aforementioned problems can be handled.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinqi Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yeteng Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Taiqing Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Chuanyun Liao
- Department of Pharmacy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Guobo Shen
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Zhiyao He
- Department of Pharmacy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Baylot V, Le TK, Taïeb D, Rocchi P, Colleaux L. Between hope and reality: treatment of genetic diseases through nucleic acid-based drugs. Commun Biol 2024; 7:489. [PMID: 38653753 PMCID: PMC11039704 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06121-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Rare diseases (RD) affect a small number of people compared to the general population and are mostly genetic in origin. The first clinical signs often appear at birth or in childhood, and patients endure high levels of pain and progressive loss of autonomy frequently associated with short life expectancy. Until recently, the low prevalence of RD and the gatekeeping delay in their diagnosis have long hampered research. The era of nucleic acid (NA)-based therapies has revolutionized the landscape of RD treatment and new hopes arise with the perspectives of disease-modifying drugs development as some NA-based therapies are now entering the clinical stage. Herein, we review NA-based drugs that were approved and are currently under investigation for the treatment of RD. We also discuss the recent structural improvements of NA-based therapeutics and delivery system, which overcome the main limitations in their market expansion and the current approaches that are developed to address the endosomal escape issue. We finally open the discussion on the ethical and societal issues that raise this new technology in terms of regulatory approval and sustainability of production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Baylot
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CINAM, ERL INSERM U 1326, CERIMED, Marseille, France.
| | - Thi Khanh Le
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CINAM, ERL INSERM U 1326, CERIMED, Marseille, France
| | - David Taïeb
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CINAM, ERL INSERM U 1326, CERIMED, Marseille, France
| | - Palma Rocchi
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CINAM, ERL INSERM U 1326, CERIMED, Marseille, France.
| | - Laurence Colleaux
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CINAM, ERL INSERM U 1326, CERIMED, Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Xu F, Zheng C, Xu W, Zhang S, Liu S, Chen X, Yao K. Breaking genetic shackles: The advance of base editing in genetic disorder treatment. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1364135. [PMID: 38510648 PMCID: PMC10953296 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1364135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The rapid evolution of gene editing technology has markedly improved the outlook for treating genetic diseases. Base editing, recognized as an exceptionally precise genetic modification tool, is emerging as a focus in the realm of genetic disease therapy. We provide a comprehensive overview of the fundamental principles and delivery methods of cytosine base editors (CBE), adenine base editors (ABE), and RNA base editors, with a particular focus on their applications and recent research advances in the treatment of genetic diseases. We have also explored the potential challenges faced by base editing technology in treatment, including aspects such as targeting specificity, safety, and efficacy, and have enumerated a series of possible solutions to propel the clinical translation of base editing technology. In conclusion, this article not only underscores the present state of base editing technology but also envisions its tremendous potential in the future, providing a novel perspective on the treatment of genetic diseases. It underscores the vast potential of base editing technology in the realm of genetic medicine, providing support for the progression of gene medicine and the development of innovative approaches to genetic disease therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Xu
- Institute of Visual Neuroscience and Stem Cell Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Caiyan Zheng
- Institute of Visual Neuroscience and Stem Cell Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weihui Xu
- Institute of Visual Neuroscience and Stem Cell Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shiyao Zhang
- Institute of Visual Neuroscience and Stem Cell Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Institute of Visual Neuroscience and Stem Cell Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaopeng Chen
- Institute of Visual Neuroscience and Stem Cell Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Yao
- Institute of Visual Neuroscience and Stem Cell Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang X, Zhu Y, Liu T, Zhou L, Fu Y, Zhao J, Li Y, Zheng Y, Yang X, Di X, Yang Y, He Z. Duchenne muscular dystrophy treatment with lentiviral vector containing mini-dystrophin gene in vivo. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e423. [PMID: 38188603 PMCID: PMC10771042 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an incurable X-linked recessive genetic disease caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene. Many researchers aim to restore truncated dystrophin via viral vectors. However, the low packaging capacity and immunogenicity of vectors have hampered their clinical application. Herein, we constructed four lentiviral vectors with truncated and sequence-optimized dystrophin genes driven by muscle-specific promoters. The four lentiviral vectors stably expressed mini-dystrophin in C2C12 muscle cells in vitro. To estimate the treatment effect in vivo, we transferred the lentiviral vectors into neonatal C57BL/10ScSn-Dmdmdx mice through local injection. The levels of modified dystrophin expression increased, and their distribution was also restored in treated mice. At the same time, they exhibited the restoration of pull force and a decrease in the number of mononuclear cells. The remissions lasted 3-6 months in vivo. Moreover, no integration sites of vectors were distributed into the oncogenes. In summary, this study preliminarily demonstrated the feasibility and safety of lentiviral vectors with mini-dystrophin for DMD gene therapy and provided a new strategy to restore truncated dystrophin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of PharmacyCancer Center and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Yanghui Zhu
- Department of PharmacyCancer Center and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Taiqing Liu
- Department of PharmacyCancer Center and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Lingyan Zhou
- Department of PharmacyCancer Center and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Yunhai Fu
- Department of PharmacyCancer Center and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Jinhua Zhao
- Department of PharmacyCancer Center and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Yinqi Li
- Department of PharmacyCancer Center and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Yeteng Zheng
- Department of PharmacyCancer Center and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- Department of PharmacyCancer Center and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Xiangjie Di
- Clinical Trial Center/NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative DrugWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of PharmacyCancer Center and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Zhiyao He
- Department of PharmacyCancer Center and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
- Key Laboratory of Drug‐Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education MinistrySichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant‐Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of PharmacySichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Singh K, Bhushan B, Kumar S, Singh S, Macadangdang RR, Pandey E, Varma AK, Kumar S. Precision Genome Editing Techniques in Gene Therapy: Current State and Future Prospects. Curr Gene Ther 2024; 24:377-394. [PMID: 38258771 DOI: 10.2174/0115665232279528240115075352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Precision genome editing is a rapidly evolving field in gene therapy, allowing for the precise modification of genetic material. The CRISPR and Cas systems, particularly the CRISPRCas9 system, have revolutionized genetic research and therapeutic development by enabling precise changes like single-nucleotide substitutions, insertions, and deletions. This technology has the potential to correct disease-causing mutations at their source, allowing for the treatment of various genetic diseases. Programmable nucleases like CRISPR-Cas9, transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) can be used to restore normal gene function, paving the way for novel therapeutic interventions. However, challenges, such as off-target effects, unintended modifications, and ethical concerns surrounding germline editing, require careful consideration and mitigation strategies. Researchers are exploring innovative solutions, such as enhanced nucleases, refined delivery methods, and improved bioinformatics tools for predicting and minimizing off-target effects. The prospects of precision genome editing in gene therapy are promising, with continued research and innovation expected to refine existing techniques and uncover new therapeutic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuldeep Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Rajiv Academy for Pharmacy, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bharat Bhushan
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, P.K. University, Thanra, Karera, Shivpuri, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Supriya Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Babu Banarasi Das Northern India Institute of Technology, Faizabaad road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Ekta Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, Bundelkhand Institute of Engineering and Technology, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ajit Kumar Varma
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rama University, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shivendra Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Rajiv Academy for Pharmacy, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yue J, Qi YF, Zhang WB, Liu SH, Chen H, Li ZZ, Wu HF. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Mutation of Tropoelastin Gene Affects Tropoelastin mRNA and Elastin Expressions in Human Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells. DNA Cell Biol 2023; 42:735-745. [PMID: 38011321 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2023.0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to explore the effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in tropoelastin gene on tropoelastin mRNA and elastin expressions in human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs). Two SNP loci, rs2071307 (G/A) and rs1785598 (G/C), were selected to construct recombinant lentivirus vectors carrying wild-type and mutant tropoelastin gene. Recombinant plasmids including pWSLV-02-ELN, pWSLV-02-ELN-mut1, and pWSLV-02-ELN-mut2 were constructed, before being amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequenced. The prepared plasmids and the packaging plasmids (pVSV-G and psPAX2) were cotransfected into HEK293T cells to obtain recombinant lentiviruses carrying tropoelastin gene. Afterward, HASMCs were infected with recombinant lentiviruses, and the positive cells sorted by flow cytometry were amplified. Four stable HASMCs cell lines including pWSLV-02-ELN, pWSLV-02-ELN-mut1, pWSLV-02-ELN-mut2, and pWSLV-02 vector were constructed. The expressions of tropoelastin mRNA and elastin in HASMCs were detected by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and western blot, respectively. Recombinant plasmids including pWSLV-02-ELN-mut1, pWSLV-02-ELN-mut2, and pWSLV-02-ELN were successfully constructed. Recombinant lentiviruses carrying tropoelastin gene were obtained via lentivirus packaging. After infection for 24 h, 3 days and 5 days in HASMCs, tropoelastin mRNA expressions in pWSLV-02-ELN-mut1 and pWSLV-02-ELN-mut2 groups were significantly lower than that of pWSLV-02-ELN group. Besides, after infection for 24 h, 3 days, and 5 days, elastin levels in pWSLV-02-ELN-mut1 and pWSLV-02-ELN-mut2 groups were significantly lower than that in pWSLV-02-ELN group. In conclusion, SNPs mutation of tropoelastin gene affected the expression of tropoelastin mRNA and elastin, suggesting that the polymorphisms of rs2071307 and rs17855988 in tropoelastin gene might be important factors for AD development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yue
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, People's Republic of China
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - You-Fei Qi
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, People's Republic of China
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Bo Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, People's Republic of China
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, People's Republic of China
| | - Sa-Hua Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, People's Republic of China
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, People's Republic of China
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, People's Republic of China
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Fei Wu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, People's Republic of China
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Shu R, Hammett M, Evtimov V, Pupovac A, Nguyen N, Islam R, Zhuang J, Lee S, Kang T, Lee K, Nisbet I, Hudson P, Lee JY, Boyd R, Trounson A. Engineering T cell receptor fusion proteins using nonviral CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing for cancer immunotherapy. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10571. [PMID: 38023726 PMCID: PMC10658519 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Manufacture of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells usually involves the use of viral delivery systems to achieve high transgene expression. However, it can be costly and may result in random integration of the CAR into the genome, creating several disadvantages including variation in transgene expression, functional gene silencing and potential oncogenic transformation. Here, we optimized the method of nonviral, CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing using large donor DNA delivery, knocked-in an anti-tumor single chain variable fragment (scFv) into the N-terminus of CD3ε and efficiently generated fusion protein (FP) T cells. These cells displayed FP integration within the TCR/CD3 complex, lower variability in gene expression compared to CAR-T cells and good cell expansion after transfection. CD3ε FP T cells were predominantly CD8+ effector memory T cells, and exhibited anti-tumor activity in vitro and in vivo. Dual targeting FP T cells were also generated through the incorporation of scFvs into other CD3 subunits and CD28. Compared to viral-based methods, this method serves as an alternative and versatile way of generating T cells with tumor-targeting receptors for cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Runzhe Shu
- Cartherics Pty Ltd.Notting HillAustralia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine InstituteMonash UniversityClaytonAustralia
| | - Maree Hammett
- Cartherics Pty Ltd.Notting HillAustralia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine InstituteMonash UniversityClaytonAustralia
| | - Vera Evtimov
- Cartherics Pty Ltd.Notting HillAustralia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine InstituteMonash UniversityClaytonAustralia
| | - Aleta Pupovac
- Cartherics Pty Ltd.Notting HillAustralia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine InstituteMonash UniversityClaytonAustralia
| | - Nhu‐Y Nguyen
- Cartherics Pty Ltd.Notting HillAustralia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine InstituteMonash UniversityClaytonAustralia
| | - Rasa Islam
- Cartherics Pty Ltd.Notting HillAustralia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine InstituteMonash UniversityClaytonAustralia
| | - Junli Zhuang
- Cartherics Pty Ltd.Notting HillAustralia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine InstituteMonash UniversityClaytonAustralia
| | | | | | | | - Ian Nisbet
- Cartherics Pty Ltd.Notting HillAustralia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine InstituteMonash UniversityClaytonAustralia
| | - Peter Hudson
- Cartherics Pty Ltd.Notting HillAustralia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine InstituteMonash UniversityClaytonAustralia
| | | | - Richard Boyd
- Cartherics Pty Ltd.Notting HillAustralia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine InstituteMonash UniversityClaytonAustralia
| | - Alan Trounson
- Cartherics Pty Ltd.Notting HillAustralia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine InstituteMonash UniversityClaytonAustralia
- Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyMonash UniversityClaytonAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Tu C, Liu B, Li C, Feng C, Wang H, Zhang H, He S, Li Z. Integrative analysis of TROAP with molecular features, carcinogenesis, and related immune and pharmacogenomic characteristics in soft tissue sarcoma. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e369. [PMID: 37731946 PMCID: PMC10507284 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Soft tissue sarcoma (STS) is an uncommon malignancy that often carries a grim prognosis. Trophinin-associated protein (TROAP) is augmented in a variety of tumors and can affect tumor proliferation. Nevertheless, the prognostic value and specific functions of TROAP in STS are still vague. Herein, we display that TROAP exhibits an augmented trend in STS, and its elevation correlates with a poor prognosis of STS. Furthermore, its reduction is related to increased immune cell infiltration, enhanced stroma, and elevation of immune activation. Meanwhile, the TROAP-derived genomic signature is validated to predict patient prognosis, immunotherapy, and drug response reliably. A nomogram constructed based on age, metastatic status, and a TROAP-derived risk score of an STS individual could be used to quantify the survival probability of STS. In addition, in vitro experiments have demonstrated that TROAP is overexpressed in STS, and the downregulation of TROAP could affect the proliferation, migration, metastasis, and cell cycle of STS cells. In summary, the TROAP expression is elevated in STS tissues and cells, which is related to the poor prognosis and malignant biological behaviors of STS. It could act as a potential prognostic biomarker for diagnosis and treatment of STS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Tu
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized MedicineThe Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Central South UniversityGuangdongChina
| | - Binfeng Liu
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized MedicineThe Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Chenbei Li
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized MedicineThe Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Chengyao Feng
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized MedicineThe Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized MedicineThe Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Haixia Zhang
- Department of OncologyThe Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Shasha He
- Department of OncologyThe Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Zhihong Li
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized MedicineThe Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Central South UniversityGuangdongChina
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wang Y, Zhang K, Zhao Y, Li Y, Su W, Li S. Construction and Applications of Mammalian Cell-Based DNA-Encoded Peptide/Protein Libraries. ACS Synth Biol 2023; 12:1874-1888. [PMID: 37315219 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.3c00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
DNA-encoded peptide/protein libraries are the starting point for protein evolutionary modification and functional peptide/antibody selection. Different display technologies, protein directed evolution, and deep mutational scanning (DMS) experiments employ DNA-encoded libraries to provide sequence variations for downstream affinity- or function-based selections. Mammalian cells promise the inherent post-translational modification and near-to-natural conformation of exogenously expressed mammalian proteins and thus are the best platform for studying transmembrane proteins or human disease-related proteins. However, due to the current technical bottlenecks of constructing mammalian cell-based large size DNA-encoded libraries, the advantages of mammalian cells as screening platforms have not been fully exploited. In this review, we summarize the current efforts in constructing DNA-encoded libraries in mammalian cells and the existing applications of these libraries in different fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin; Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Kaili Zhang
- Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin; Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Yanjie Zhao
- Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin; Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Yifan Li
- Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin; Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Weijun Su
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Shuai Li
- Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin; Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Tan JS, Jaffar Ali MNB, Gan BK, Tan WS. Next-generation viral nanoparticles for targeted delivery of therapeutics: Fundamentals, methods, biomedical applications, and challenges. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2023; 20:955-978. [PMID: 37339432 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2023.2228202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Viral nanoparticles (VNPs) are virus-based nanocarriers that have been studied extensively and intensively for biomedical applications. However, their clinical translation is relatively low compared to the predominating lipid-based nanoparticles. Therefore, this article describes the fundamentals, challenges, and solutions of the VNP-based platform, which will leverage the development of next-generation VNPs. AREAS COVERED Different types of VNPs and their biomedical applications are reviewed comprehensively. Strategies and approaches for cargo loading and targeted delivery of VNPs are examined thoroughly. The latest developments in controlled release of cargoes from VNPs and their mechanisms are highlighted too. The challenges faced by VNPs in biomedical applications are identified, and solutions are provided to overcome them. EXPERT OPINION In the development of next-generation VNPs for gene therapy, bioimaging and therapeutic deliveries, focus must be given to reduce their immunogenicity, and increase their stability in the circulatory system. Modular virus-like particles (VLPs) which are produced separately from their cargoes or ligands before all the components are coupled can speed up clinical trials and commercialization. In addition, removal of contaminants from VNPs, cargo delivery across the blood brain barrier (BBB), and targeting of VNPs to organelles intracellularly are challenges that will preoccupy researchers in this decade.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Sen Tan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muhamad Norizwan Bin Jaffar Ali
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Bee Koon Gan
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wen Siang Tan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Syzdykova L, Zauatbayeva G, Keyer V, Ramanculov Y, Arsienko R, Shustov AV. Process for production of chimeric antigen receptor-transducing lentivirus particles using infection with replicon particles containing self-replicating RNAs. Biochem Eng J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2023.108814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
19
|
Solomon M, Liang C. Pseudotyped Viruses for Retroviruses. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1407:61-84. [PMID: 36920692 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-0113-5_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of retroviruses, their genome and replication strategies have been extensively studied, leading to the discovery of several unique features that make them invaluable vectors for virus pseudotyping, gene delivery, and gene therapy. Notably, retroviral vectors enable the integration of a gene of interest into the host genome, they can be used to stably transduce both dividing and nondividing cells, and they can deliver relatively large genes. Today, retroviral vectors are commonly used for many research applications and have become an active tool in gene therapy and clinical trials. This chapter will discuss the important features of the retroviral genome and replication cycle that are crucial for the development of retroviral vectors, the different retrovirus-based vector systems that are commonly used, and finally the research and clinical applications of retroviral vectors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magan Solomon
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill Centre for Viral Diseases, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Chen Liang
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill Centre for Viral Diseases, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Yu J, Li T, Zhu J. Gene Therapy Strategies Targeting Aging-Related Diseases. Aging Dis 2022; 14:398-417. [PMID: 37008065 PMCID: PMC10017145 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.00725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid advancements have taken place in gene therapy technology. However, effective methods for treating aging- or age-related chronic diseases, which are often closely related to genes or even multiple genes, are still lacking. The path to developing cures is winding, while gene therapy that targets genes related to aging represents an exciting research direction with tremendous potential. Among aging-related genes, some candidates have been studied at different levels, from cell to organismal levels (e.g., mammalian models) with different methods, from overexpression to gene editing. The TERT and APOE have even entered the stage of clinical trials. Even those displaying only a preliminary association with diseases have potential applications. This article discusses the foundations and recent breakthroughs in the field of gene therapy, providing a summary of current mainstream strategies and gene therapy products with clinical and preclinical applications. Finally, we review representative target genes and their potential for treating aging or age-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jianhong Zhu
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Prof. Jianhong Zhu, Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .
| |
Collapse
|