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Tan C, Hong J, Xu W. Ion Bunching in Square-Wave-Driven Mobility Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2022; 94:13682-13690. [PMID: 36170210 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The ion-bunching effect was typically produced for ion beams in the gas phase, such as in ion accelerators. In this work, ion bunching was generated for ions in a liquid channel, specifically in a mobility capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (MCE-MS) setup. MCE was recently developed and coupled with MS for ion separation and the precise measurements of ion hydrodynamic radius and effective charge in solution. In conventional MCE, a DC high voltage is applied, which serves as the separation voltage. In this study, square waves were employed to replace this DC voltage, and the ion-bunching phenomenon was observed and characterized in both simulations and experiments. After applying a high voltage square wave, cations and anions would be bunched and concentrated at the positive and negative half cycle of the square wave, respectively. Accordingly, ion signal intensities detected by the following mass spectrometer could be increased by up to ∼50 folds for the aspartic acid anion. This square wave could also dissociate metal adduct cations from nucleic acid anions, which results in stronger nucleic acid ion intensities (up to ∼10 folds) with cleaner backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congrui Tan
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jie Hong
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wei Xu
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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2
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Hong J, Wu H, Zhang R, He M, Xu W. The Coupling of Taylor Dispersion Analysis and Mass Spectrometry to Differentiate Protein Conformations. Anal Chem 2020; 92:5200-5206. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Hong
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Haimei Wu
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Rongkai Zhang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Muyi He
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Institute of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection & Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Wei Xu
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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Zhang W, Wu H, Zhang R, Fang X, Xu W. Structure and effective charge characterization of proteins by a mobility capillary electrophoresis based method. Chem Sci 2019; 10:7779-7787. [PMID: 31588326 PMCID: PMC6761862 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc02039j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Measuring the conformations and effective charges of proteins in solution is critical for investigating protein bioactivity, but their rapid analysis remains a challenging problem. Here we report a mobility capillary electrophoresis (MCE) based method for the rapid analysis of protein stereo-structures and effective charges in different solution environments. With the capability of mixture separation, MCE measures the hydrodynamic radius of a protein through Taylor dispersion analysis and its effective charge through ion mobility analysis. The experimental results acquired from MCE are then utilized to restrain molecular dynamics simulations, so that the most probable conformation of that protein can be obtained. As proof-of-concept demonstrations, the charge states and structures of five proteins were analyzed under close to native environments. The conformation transitions and charge state variations of bovine serum albumin and lysozyme under different pH conditions were also investigated. This method is promising for high-throughput protein analysis, which could potentially be coupled with mass spectrometry for investigating protein stereo-structures and functions in top-down proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Zhang
- School of Life Science , Beijing Institute of Technology , No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian Dist , Beijing , China .
| | - Haimei Wu
- School of Life Science , Beijing Institute of Technology , No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian Dist , Beijing , China .
| | - Rongkai Zhang
- School of Life Science , Beijing Institute of Technology , No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian Dist , Beijing , China .
| | - Xiang Fang
- National Institute of Metrology , No. 18, Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Chaoyang Dist , Beijing , China
| | - Wei Xu
- School of Life Science , Beijing Institute of Technology , No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian Dist , Beijing , China .
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Khodabandehloo A, Chen DDY. Electroosmotic Flow Dispersion of Large Molecules in Electrokinetic Migration. Anal Chem 2017; 89:7823-7827. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b01592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akram Khodabandehloo
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V6T 1Z1
| | - David D. Y. Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V6T 1Z1
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Zarabadi AS, Pawliszyn J. Accurate Determination of the Diffusion Coefficient of Proteins by Fourier Analysis with Whole Column Imaging Detection. Anal Chem 2015; 87:2100-6. [PMID: 25607375 DOI: 10.1021/ac503069g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh S. Zarabadi
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2l 3G1, Canada
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2l 3G1, Canada
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Lewandrowska A, Majcher A, Ochab-Marcinek A, Tabaka M, Hołyst R. Taylor Dispersion Analysis in Coiled Capillaries at High Flow Rates. Anal Chem 2013; 85:4051-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ac4007792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lewandrowska
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Poland
| | - Aldona Majcher
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Poland
| | - Anna Ochab-Marcinek
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Poland
| | - Marcin Tabaka
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Poland
| | - Robert Hołyst
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Poland
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Hulse WL, Forbes RT. A nanolitre method to determine the hydrodynamic radius of proteins and small molecules by Taylor dispersion analysis. Int J Pharm 2011; 411:64-8. [PMID: 21440611 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2010] [Accepted: 03/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The escalating number of new therapeutic biopharmaceuticals being developed and their high value increases the need for the development of novel analytical technologies. Faster analysis time, high accuracy, low sample consumption and the ability to monitor process flow are all essential prerequisites. We evaluate a novel analytical instrument that combines UV area imaging and Taylor dispersion analysis (TDA) to determine the hydrodynamic radius of proteins and small molecules in solution. Benchmarking the results against dynamic light scattering, we report the influence of injection system, injection volume, flow rates, analyte concentration and highlight the importance of washing procedures. Issues arising from the manual injection valve in the alpha laboratory system that led to high standard deviations were eliminated by incorporating an automated injector in a beta system. The hydrodynamic radii obtained show good correlation with literature values and in most cases a relative standard deviation of less than 5%. The system is fully automated after coupling to the CE which allows for multiple injections and sample/buffer changes without operator intervention. The small sample size (approx. 60 nL), the lack of sample preparation required, and the speed of analysis (approx. 2-3 mins) makes this instrument highly applicable to the real-time analysis of inherently unstable, high cost biopharmaceutical materials where understanding their aggregation state and size is important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy L Hulse
- Pharmaceutical Innovation Research and Biopharmaceutical Formulation Group, School of Pharmacy, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK
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Yang S, Zhang Y, Liao T, Guo Z, Chen Y. Electromigration diffusivity spectrometry: A way for simultaneous determination of diffusion coefficients from mixed samples. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:2949-56. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Østergaard J, Jensen H. Simultaneous Evaluation of Ligand Binding Properties and Protein Size by Electrophoresis and Taylor Dispersion in Capillaries. Anal Chem 2009; 81:8644-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ac901419x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jesper Østergaard
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Jensen
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Wang X, Cheng C, Wang S, Zhao M, Dasgupta PK, Liu S. Nanocapillaries for open tubular chromatographic separations of proteins in femtoliter to picoliter samples. Anal Chem 2009; 81:7428-35. [PMID: 19663450 PMCID: PMC2802834 DOI: 10.1021/ac901265t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have recently examined the potential of bare nanocapillaries for free solution DNA separations and demonstrated efficiencies exceeding 10(6) theoretical plates/m. In the present work, we demonstrate the use of bare and hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC) coated open tubular nanocapillaries for protein separations. Using 1.5 microm inner diameter (i.d.) capillary columns, hydrodynamically injecting femto- to picoliter volumes of fluorescent or fluorescent dye labeled protein samples, utilizing a pneumatically pressurized chamber containing 1.0 mM sodium tetraborate solution eluent (typically 200 psi) as the pump, and performing on-column detection using a simple laser-induced fluorescence detector, we demonstrate efficiencies of close to a million theoretical plates/m while generating single digit microliter volumes of waste for a complete chromatographic run. We achieve baseline resolution for a protein mixture consisting of transferrin, alpha-lactalbumin, insulin, and alpha-2-macroglobulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiayan Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
| | - Chang Cheng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
| | - Shili Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
| | - Meiping Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
| | - Purnendu K. Dasgupta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | - Shaorong Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
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