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Dai T, Xu Y, Yang X, Jiao B, Qiu M, Xue J, Arredondo F, Tyler BM. An Improved Transformation System for Phytophthora cinnamomi Using Green Fluorescent Protein. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:682754. [PMID: 34290684 PMCID: PMC8287854 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.682754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytophthora cinnamomi is a destructive pathogen causing root rot and dieback diseases on hundreds of economically and ecologically important plant species. Effective transformation systems enable modifications of candidate genes to understand the pathogenesis of P. cinnamomi. A previous study reported a polyethylene glycol and calcium dichloride (PEG/CaCl2)-mediated protoplast transformation method of P. cinnamomi. However, the virulence of the transformants was compromised. In this study, we selected ATCC 15400 as a suitable wild-type isolate for PEG/CaCl2 transformation using the green fluorescent protein after screening 11 P. cinnamomi isolates. Three transformants, namely, PcGFP-1, PcGFP-3, and PcGFP-5, consistently displayed a green fluorescence in their hyphae, chlamydospores, and sporangia. The randomly selected transformant PcGFP-1 was as virulent as the wild-type isolate in causing hypocotyl lesions on lupines. Fluorescent hyphae and haustoria were observed intracellularly and intercellularly in lupine tissues inoculated with PcGFP-1 zoospores. The potential application of this improved transformation system for functional genomics studies of P. cinnamomi is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Dai
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Xu
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Fort Detrick, MD, United States.,ARS Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Binbin Jiao
- Technical Center for Animal, Plant and Food Inspection and Quarantine of Shanghai Customs, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Qiu
- Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junxin Xue
- Technical Center for Animal, Plant and Food Inspection and Quarantine of Shanghai Customs, Shanghai, China
| | - Felipe Arredondo
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States.,Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Brett M Tyler
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States.,Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
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