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Nikitin D, Kolosov N, Murzina A, Pats K, Zamyatin A, Tkachev V, Sorokin M, Kopylov P, Buzdin A. Retroelement-Linked H3K4me1 Histone Tags Uncover Regulatory Evolution Trends of Gene Enhancers and Feature Quickly Evolving Molecular Processes in Human Physiology. Cells 2019; 8:cells8101219. [PMID: 31597351 PMCID: PMC6830109 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Retroelements (REs) are mobile genetic elements comprising ~40% of human DNA. They can reshape expression patterns of nearby genes by providing various regulatory sequences. The proportion of regulatory sequences held by REs can serve a measure of regulatory evolution rate of the respective genes and molecular pathways. Methods: We calculated RE-linked enrichment scores for individual genes and molecular pathways based on ENCODE project epigenome data for enhancer-specific histone modification H3K4me1 in five human cell lines. We identified consensus groups of molecular processes that are enriched and deficient in RE-linked H3K4me1 regulation. Results: We calculated H3K4me1 RE-linked enrichment scores for 24,070 human genes and 3095 molecular pathways. We ranked genes and pathways and identified those statistically significantly enriched and deficient in H3K4me1 RE-linked regulation. Conclusion: Non-coding RNA genes were statistically significantly enriched by RE-linked H3K4me1 regulatory modules, thus suggesting their high regulatory evolution rate. The processes of gene silencing by small RNAs, DNA metabolism/chromatin structure, sensory perception/neurotransmission and lipids metabolism showed signs of the fastest regulatory evolution, while the slowest processes were connected with immunity, protein ubiquitination/degradation, cell adhesion, migration and interaction, metals metabolism/ion transport, cell death, intracellular signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniil Nikitin
- Group for genomic analysis of cell signaling systems, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia.
- Omicsway Corp., Walnut, CA 91789, USA.
| | | | | | - Karina Pats
- ITMO University, 195251 Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
| | | | | | - Maxim Sorokin
- Omicsway Corp., Walnut, CA 91789, USA.
- Institute of Personalized Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Philippe Kopylov
- Institute of Personalized Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Anton Buzdin
- Group for genomic analysis of cell signaling systems, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia.
- Omicsway Corp., Walnut, CA 91789, USA.
- Institute of Personalized Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
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Yuan L, Geiser F, Lin B, Sun H, Chen J, Zhang S. Down but Not Out: The Role of MicroRNAs in Hibernating Bats. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135064. [PMID: 26244645 PMCID: PMC4526555 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate many physiological processes through post-transcriptional control of gene expression and are a major part of the small noncoding RNAs (snRNA). As hibernators can survive at low body temperatures (Tb) for many months without suffering tissue damage, understanding the mechanisms that enable them to do so are of medical interest. Because the brain integrates peripheral physiology and white adipose tissue (WAT) is the primary energy source during hibernation, we hypothesized that both of these organs play a crucial role in hibernation, and thus, their activity would be relatively increased during hibernation. We carried out the first genomic analysis of small RNAs, specifically miRNAs, in the brain and WAT of a hibernating bat (Myotis ricketti) by comparing deeply torpid with euthermic individual bats using high-throughput sequencing (Solexa) and qPCR validation of expression levels. A total of 196 miRNAs (including 77 novel bat-specific miRNAs) were identified, and of these, 49 miRNAs showed significant differences in expression during hibernation, including 33 in the brain and 25 in WAT (P≤0.01 &│logFC│≥1). Stem-loop qPCR confirmed the miRNA expression patterns identified by Solexa sequencing. Moreover, 31 miRNAs showed tissue- or state-specific expression, and six miRNAs with counts >100 were specifically expressed in the brain. Putative target gene prediction combined with KEGG pathway and GO annotation showed that many essential processes of both organs are significantly correlated with differentially expressed miRNAs during bat hibernation. This is especially evident with down-regulated miRNAs, indicating that many physiological pathways are altered during hibernation. Thus, our novel findings of miRNAs and Interspersed Elements in a hibernating bat suggest that brain and WAT are active with respect to the miRNA expression activity during hibernation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Yuan
- Guangdong Entomological Institute, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fritz Geiser
- Center for Behavioural and Physiological Ecology, Zoology, University of New England, Armidale, Australia
| | - Benfu Lin
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Bureau of Huadu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haibo Sun
- MininGene Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Jinping Chen
- Guangdong Entomological Institute, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuyi Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Ecology and Evolution, Institutes for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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Han Y, Zheng G, Yang T, Zhang S, Dong D, Pan YH. Adaptation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha to hibernation in bats. BMC Evol Biol 2015; 15:88. [PMID: 25980933 PMCID: PMC4435907 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-015-0373-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hibernation is a survival mechanism in the winter for some animals. Fat preserved instead of glucose produced is the primary fuel during winter hibernation of mammals. Many genes involved in lipid metabolism are regulated by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα). The role of PPARα in hibernation of mammals remains largely unknown. Using a multidisciplinary approach, we investigated whether PPARα is adapted to hibernation in bats. Results Evolutionary analyses revealed that the ω value of Pparα of the ancestral lineage of hibernating bats in both Yinpterochiroptera and Yangochiroptera was lower than that of non-hibernating bats in Yinpterochiroptera, suggesting that a higher selective pressure acts on Pparα in hibernating bats. PPARα expression was found to be increased at both mRNA and protein levels in distantly related bats (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum and Hipposideros armiger in Yinpterochiroptera and Myotis ricketti in Yangochiroptera) during their torpid episodes. Transcription factors such as FOXL1, NFYA, NFYB, SP1, TBP, and ERG were bioinformatically determined to have a higher binding affinity to the potential regulatory regions of Pparα in hibernating than in non-hibernating mammals. Genome-wide bioinformatic analyses of 64 mammalian species showed that PPARα has more potential target genes and higher binding affinity to these genes in hibernating than in non-hibernating mammals. Conclusions We conclude that PPARα is adapted to hibernation in bats based on the observations that Pparα has a more stringent functional constraint in the ancestral lineage of hibernating bats and a higher level of expression in hibernating than in non-hibernating bats. We also conclude that PPARα plays a very important role in hibernation as hibernators have more PPARα target genes than non-hibernators, and PPARα in hibernators has a higher binding affinity for its target genes than in non-hibernators. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-015-0373-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Han
- Laboratory of Molecular Ecology and Evolution, Institute for Advanced Studies in Multidisciplinary Science and Technology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China.
| | - Guantao Zheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Ecology and Evolution, Institute for Advanced Studies in Multidisciplinary Science and Technology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China.
| | - Tianxiao Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Ecology and Evolution, Institute for Advanced Studies in Multidisciplinary Science and Technology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China.
| | - Shuyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China.
| | - Dong Dong
- Laboratory of Molecular Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China.
| | - Yi-Hsuan Pan
- Laboratory of Molecular Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China.
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Zhu T, Yuan L, Jones G, Hua P, He G, Chen J, Zhang S. OB-RL silencing inhibits the thermoregulatory ability of Great Roundleaf Bats (Hipposideros armiger). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2014; 204:80-7. [PMID: 24815886 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2014.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2013] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that the hormone Leptin has an important role in mammalian heterothermy by regulating metabolism and food intake via lipolysis, as well as adaptive evolution of Leptin in heterothermic bats driven by selected pressure. However, the mechanism of Leptin in heterothermic regulation in mammals is unknown. By combining previous results, we speculated that the Leptin signaling pathway mediated by OB-RL (Leptin receptor long form) in the hypothalamus is important. OB-RL is one of the products of db gene and mainly distributed in the hypothalamus. In this study, we used OB-RL as a molecular marker, combining with the RNA interference technology and physiological/molecular analyses with Hipposideros armiger (a hibernating bat species) as an animal model, to explore the mechanism of Leptin in heterothermic regulation. Our data showed that all of four anti-OB-RL shRNA lentivirus significantly inhibited OB-RL expression (>90%), and the interference efficiency of PSC1742 lentivirus reached the highest value. In situ hybridization proved that PSC1742 lentivirus significantly decreased the OB-RL expression in the hypothalamus, especially in the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VHM, 86.6%). Physiological analysis demonstrated that the thermoregulatory ability of bats (e.g., reducing core body temperature and heart rate) was significantly depressed after OB-RL silencing in the hypothalamus, and animals could not enter torpor state. Our study for the first time proved that the knock-down of OB-RL expression in hypothalamus inhibits heterothermic regulation of bats, and also provided the clues for further analyzing the mechanism of Leptin in the heterothermic regulation of mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengteng Zhu
- Institute of Molecular Ecology and Evolution, Institutes for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research in Science and Technology, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Lihong Yuan
- Guangdong Entomological Institute/South China Institute of Endangered Animals, Guangzhou 510260, China.
| | - Gareth Jones
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Woodland Road, BS8 1UG Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Panyu Hua
- Institute of Molecular Ecology and Evolution, Institutes for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research in Science and Technology, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Guimei He
- Institute of Molecular Ecology and Evolution, Institutes for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research in Science and Technology, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Jinping Chen
- Guangdong Entomological Institute/South China Institute of Endangered Animals, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Shuyi Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Ecology and Evolution, Institutes for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research in Science and Technology, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China.
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