Reconsidering Valuing Happiness: the Application of Goal Type Theory

The Role of Spirituality in Anxiety and Psychological Resilience of Hemodialysis Patients in Turkey

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a significant health problem that affects millions of people worldwide and its end-stage manifestation requires hemodialysis treatment, which can have a considerable impact on patients' mental health and quality of life. This study aims to examine the relationship between spirituality and anxiety, as well as spirituality and psychological resilience among hemodialysis patients using the iterative weighted least squares method. Participants included 91 hemodialysis patients, consisting of 49 females and 42 males, whose ages ranged from 20 to 82 years, with a mean age of 48 (SD = 14). The data were collected using the Beck Anxiety Inventory, Spirituality Scale, and Brief Psychological Resilience Scale. Results indicated a weak positive relationship between spirituality and psychological resilience (t = 1.35, P = .183) and a moderate negative relationship between spirituality and anxiety (t = -2.84, P = .006). Furthermore, spirituality accounted for a 1% variance in psychological resilience and a 5% of the variance in anxiety. Additionally, patients' education level, gender, and whom they live with were relatively stronger correlates of psychological resilience, while the patient's education level, gender, marital status, whom they live with, presence of another patient at home receiving hemodialysis treatment were strong correlates of anxiety. This study emphasizes the need for comprehensive care that addresses both physical and psychological aspects of CKD management to improve patient outcomes and quality of life.

Resilience and Extrinsic Motivation as Mediators in the Relationship between Fear of Failure and Burnout

Athletes with fear of failure are at risk of developing the symptoms of a wide range of psychological problems, including burnout. Understanding the risks and protective factors of athletes' psychological health is an essential step in tailoring strategies and interventions to promote athletes' psychological and mental health. This study examined the mediating roles of resilience and extrinsic motivation in the relationship between fear of failure and burnout among Turkish athletes. The study included 335 young athletes (93.4% males) whose ages ranged from 18 to 55 years (M = 24.95, SD = 8.22). Participants completed the self-reported measures of fear of failure, resilience, extrinsic motivation, and burnout. The analysis revealed that fear of failure had significant predictive effects on resilience, extrinsic motivation, and burnout. Resilience and extrinsic motivation also had significant predictive effects on burnout. The mediation analysis results showed that both resilience and extrinsic motivation partially mediated the effect of fear of failure on athlete burnout. The findings of the study provide a better insight into the underlying mechanisms between fear of failure and athlete burnout by considering resilience and extrinsic motivation as mediators. These results suggest that the adverse impact of fear of failure on athlete burnout can be mitigated by cultivating resilience and hindering extrinsic motivation.

Psychological inflexibility and valuing happiness: Dangerous liaisons

Previous evidence has shown that excessive valuing happiness may relate to lower psychological wellbeing across cultures. Considering the lack of data with Spanish population, we examined the relation between tightly holding happiness emotion goals and subjective wellbeing in a sample of Spanish women, and explored the mediation role exerted by psychological inflexibility components (namely, cognitive fusion and experiential avoidance) in the relation between valuing happiness and subjective wellbeing. A female adult sample (n = 168) filled out measures of excessive valuing happiness, psychological inflexibility, positive affect, negative affect, and life satisfaction. Valuing happiness only showed positive total effects on negative affect and strong direct effects on both cognitive fusion and experiential avoidance. Analyses revealed the mediating roles exerted by psychological inflexibility components, with experiential avoidance leading to lower pleasure; and cognitive fusion leading to greater displeasure and lower life satisfaction. Psychological inflexibility components explained between 40 and 80% of the total effect of valuing happiness on our outcome variables. Our findings highlight the need for further research on the benefits of hedonic vs. values-based approaches to happiness.