1
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Ramirez-Franco J, Debreux K, Sangiardi M, Belghazi M, Kim Y, Lee SH, Lévêque C, Seagar M, El Far O. The downregulation of Kv 1 channels in Lgi1 -/-mice is accompanied by a profound modification of its interactome and a parallel decrease in Kv 2 channels. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 196:106513. [PMID: 38663634 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
In animal models of LGI1-dependent autosomal dominant lateral temporal lobe epilepsy, Kv1 channels are downregulated, suggesting their crucial involvement in epileptogenesis. The molecular basis of Kv1 channel-downregulation in LGI1 knock-out mice has not been elucidated and how the absence of this extracellular protein induces an important modification in the expression of Kv1 remains unknown. In this study we analyse by immunofluorescence the modifications in neuronal Kv1.1 and Kv1.2 distribution throughout the hippocampal formation of LGI1 knock-out mice. We show that Kv1 downregulation is not restricted to the axonal compartment, but also takes place in the somatodendritic region and is accompanied by a drastic decrease in Kv2 expression levels. Moreover, we find that the downregulation of these Kv channels is associated with a marked increase in bursting patterns. Finally, mass spectrometry uncovered key modifications in the Kv1 interactome that highlight the epileptogenic implication of Kv1 downregulation in LGI1 knock-out animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Ramirez-Franco
- INSERM UMR_S 1072, Unité de Neurobiologie des canaux Ioniques et de la Synapse, Aix-Marseille Université, 13015 Marseille, France.
| | - Kévin Debreux
- INSERM UMR_S 1072, Unité de Neurobiologie des canaux Ioniques et de la Synapse, Aix-Marseille Université, 13015 Marseille, France
| | - Marion Sangiardi
- INSERM UMR_S 1072, Unité de Neurobiologie des canaux Ioniques et de la Synapse, Aix-Marseille Université, 13015 Marseille, France
| | - Maya Belghazi
- Marseille Protéomique (MaP), Plateforme Protéomique IMM, CNRS FR3479, Aix-Marseille Université, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Yujin Kim
- Department of Physiology, Cell Physiology Lab, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, South Korea
| | - Suk-Ho Lee
- Department of Physiology, Cell Physiology Lab, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, South Korea
| | - Christian Lévêque
- INSERM UMR_S 1072, Unité de Neurobiologie des canaux Ioniques et de la Synapse, Aix-Marseille Université, 13015 Marseille, France
| | - Michael Seagar
- INSERM UMR_S 1072, Unité de Neurobiologie des canaux Ioniques et de la Synapse, Aix-Marseille Université, 13015 Marseille, France
| | - Oussama El Far
- INSERM UMR_S 1072, Unité de Neurobiologie des canaux Ioniques et de la Synapse, Aix-Marseille Université, 13015 Marseille, France.
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2
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Han J, Zhang J, Yao X, Meng M, Wan Y, Cheng Y. Mechanism of HDAC1 Regulating Iron Overload-Induced Neuronal Oxidative Damage After Cerebral Hemorrhage. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04000-2. [PMID: 38403721 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04000-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Iron overload is associated with brain edema in the context of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Here, we investigated the role of histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) in mediating oxidative damage induced by iron overload after ICH. Utilizing ICH mouse models and FeCl2-induced HT-22 cell models, we assessed HDAC1 expression and its impact on iron overload and oxidative damage. We examined the levels of Kruppel like factor 4 (KLF4), RAN binding protein 9 (RANBP9), as well as the acetylation levels of HDAC1 and histones H3 and H4 in the KLF4 promoter, and the KLF4 level in the RANBP9 promoter. Additionally, we investigated the binding relationships between KLF4 and the RANBP9 promoter, HDAC1 and miR-129-5p. Our results demonstrated elevated HDAC1 expression in ICH mice and FeCl2-induced HT-22 cells. HDAC1 silencing improved neurological function in mice, reduced brain edema, and alleviated iron overload and oxidative damage in vitro. HDAC1 downregulated KLF4 expression by reducing acetylation levels in the KLF4 promoter, leading to decreased KLF4 enrichment in the RANBP9 promoter and increased RANBP9 expression. Furthermore, upstream miR-129-5p inhibited HDAC1, and the downregulation of miR-129-5p mitigated the protective effect of HDAC1 silencing. Collectively, our findings highlight the significant role of HDAC1 in exacerbating iron overload-induced oxidative damage following ICH and its regulation by miR-129-5p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Han
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Jinnan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Xiaojuan Yao
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Meng Meng
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Airport Hospital, Tianjin, 300000, China
| | - Yahui Wan
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Airport Hospital, Tianjin, 300000, China
| | - Yan Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China.
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3
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Koch D, Kho AL, Fukuzawa A, Alexandrovich A, Vanaanen KJ, Beavil A, Pfuhl M, Rees M, Gautel M. Obscurin Rho GEF domains are phosphorylated by MST-family kinases but do not exhibit nucleotide exchange factor activity towards Rho GTPases in vitro. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284453. [PMID: 37079638 PMCID: PMC10118190 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Obscurin is a giant muscle protein (>800 kDa) featuring multiple signalling domains, including an SH3-DH-PH domain triplet from the Trio-subfamily of guanosine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs). While previous research suggests that these domains can activate the small GTPases RhoA and RhoQ in cells, in vitro characterization of these interactions using biophysical techniques has been hampered by the intrinsic instability of obscurin GEF domains. To study substrate specificity, mechanism and regulation of obscurin GEF function by individual domains, we successfully optimized recombinant production of obscurin GEF domains and found that MST-family kinases phosphorylate the obscurin DH domain at Thr5798. Despite extensive testing of multiple GEF domain fragments, we did not detect any nucleotide exchange activity in vitro against 9 representative small GTPases. Bioinformatic analyses show that obscurin differs from other Trio-subfamily GEFs in several important aspects. While further research is necessary to evaluate obscurin GEF activity in vivo, our results indicate that obscurin has atypical GEF domains that, if catalytically active at all, are subject to complex regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Koch
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ay Lin Kho
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Atsushi Fukuzawa
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Alexandrovich
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kutti J. Vanaanen
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Beavil
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Pfuhl
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Rees
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mathias Gautel
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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4
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Onea G, Maitland MER, Wang X, Lajoie GA, Schild-Poulter C. Distinct assemblies and interactomes of the nuclear and cytoplasmic mammalian CTLH E3 ligase complex. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:276121. [PMID: 35833506 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The C-terminal to LisH (CTLH) complex is a newly discovered multi-subunit E3 ubiquitin ligase whose cellular functions are poorly characterized. While some CTLH subunits have been found to localize in both the nucleus and cytoplasm of mammalian cells, differences between the compartment-specific complexes have not been explored. Here, we show that the CTLH complex forms different molecular weight complexes in nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions. Loss of WDR26 severely decreases nuclear CTLH complex subunit levels and impairs higher-order CTLH complex formation, revealing WDR26 as a critical determinant of CTLH complex nuclear stability. Through affinity purification coupled to mass spectrometry (AP-MS) of endogenous CTLH complex member RanBPM from nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions, we identified over 170 compartment-specific interactors involved in various conserved biological processes such as ribonucleoprotein biogenesis and chromatin assembly. We validated the nuclear-specific RanBPM interaction with macroH2A1 and the cytoplasmic-specific interaction with Tankyrase-1/2. Overall, this study provides critical insights into CTLH complex function and composition in both the cytoplasm and nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Onea
- Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, ON N6G 2V4, Canada
| | - Matthew E R Maitland
- Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, ON N6G 2V4, Canada.,Don Rix Protein Identification Facility, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6G 2V4, Canada
| | - Xu Wang
- Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, ON N6G 2V4, Canada
| | - Gilles A Lajoie
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, ON N6G 2V4, Canada.,Don Rix Protein Identification Facility, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6G 2V4, Canada
| | - Caroline Schild-Poulter
- Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, ON N6G 2V4, Canada
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5
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D'Amico F, Nadalin F, Libra M. S100A7/Ran-binding protein 9 coevolution in mammals. Immunogenetics 2020; 72:155-164. [PMID: 32043173 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-020-01155-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
S100A7 has been suggested to interact with Ran-binding protein 9. Both proteins are nowadays considered key effectors in immune response. Functional interaction between proteins is ensured by coevolution. The mechanisms of vertebrate coevolution between S100A7 and RanBP9 remain unclear. Several approaches for studying coevolution have been developed. Protein coevolution was inferred by calculating the linear correlation coefficients between inter-protein distance matrices using Mirrortree. We found an overall moderate correlation value (R = 0.53, p < 1e-06). Moreover, owing to the high conservation of RanBP9 protein among vertebrates, we chose to utilize a recent version of Blocks in Sequences (BIS2) algorithm implemented in BIS2Analyzer webserver. A coevolution cluster was identified between the two proteins (p < 8.10e-05). In conclusion, our coevolutionary analysis suggests that amino acid variations may modulate S100A7/RanBP9 interaction with potential pathogenic effects. Such findings could guide further analysis to better elucidate the function of S100A7 and RanBP9 and to design drugs targeting for these molecules in diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio D'Amico
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
| | - Francesca Nadalin
- Laboratoire de Biologie Computationnelle et Quantitative (LCQB) - UMR 7238, Sorbonne Université, Univ P6, CNRS, IBPS, Paris, France
| | - Massimo Libra
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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6
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Cend1, a Story with Many Tales: From Regulation of Cell Cycle Progression/Exit of Neural Stem Cells to Brain Structure and Function. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:2054783. [PMID: 31191667 PMCID: PMC6525816 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2054783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural stem/precursor cells (NPCs) generate the large variety of neuronal phenotypes comprising the adult brain. The high diversity and complexity of this organ have its origin in embryonic life, during which NPCs undergo symmetric and asymmetric divisions and then exit the cell cycle and differentiate to acquire neuronal identities. During these processes, coordinated regulation of cell cycle progression/exit and differentiation is essential for generation of the appropriate number of neurons and formation of the correct structural and functional neuronal circuits in the adult brain. Cend1 is a neuronal lineage-specific modulator involved in synchronization of cell cycle exit and differentiation of neuronal precursors. It is expressed all along the neuronal lineage, from neural stem/progenitor cells to mature neurons, and is associated with the dynamics of neuron-generating divisions. Functional studies showed that Cend1 has a critical role during neurogenesis in promoting cell cycle exit and neuronal differentiation. Mechanistically, Cend1 acts via the p53-dependent/Cyclin D1/pRb signaling pathway as well as via a p53-independent route involving a tripartite interaction with RanBPM and Dyrk1B. Upon Cend1 function, Notch1 signaling is suppressed and proneural genes such as Mash1 and Neurogenins 1/2 are induced. Due to its neurogenic activity, Cend1 is a promising candidate therapeutic gene for brain repair, while the Cend1 minimal promoter is a valuable tool for neuron-specific gene delivery in the CNS. Mice with Cend1 genetic ablation display increased NPC proliferation, decreased migration, and higher levels of apoptosis during development. As a result, they show in the adult brain deficits in a range of motor and nonmotor behaviors arising from irregularities in cerebellar cortex lamination and impaired Purkinje cell differentiation as well as a paucity in GABAergic interneurons of the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and amygdala. Taken together, these studies highlight the necessity for Cend1 expression in the formation of a structurally and functionally normal brain.
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7
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Qin C, Zhang Q, Wu G. RANBP9 suppresses tumor proliferation in colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:4409-4416. [PMID: 30988811 PMCID: PMC6447939 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RAN binding protein 9 (RANBP9) is widely expressed in mammalian tissues, including osteosarcoma, lung, gastric and breast cancer tissues. However, currently, not much is known about the role of RANBP9 in colorectal cancer (CRC). In the present study, RANBP9 expression in CRC tissues and cell lines was measured by immunohistochemistry and western blotting, respectively. Subsequently, RANBP9-short hairpin RNA (shRNA) and RANBP9 plasmids were constructed and transfected into HCT116 and HT29 cells. The effects of RANBP9 knockdown were assessed by Cell Counting kit-8 and colony formation assays, and its effects on tumorigenicity in a nude mouse animal model were investigated. The effect of RANBP9-shRNA on cell cycle progression was analyzed by flow cytometry, while cell cycle-associated protein expression levels were examined by western blotting. Compared with in paired normal mucosa, RANBP9 was overexpressed in CRC tissues. Inhibition of RANBP9 in HCT116 and HT29 cells significantly promoted cell growth, colony formation and S phase transition, and increased tumorigenesis in vivo. Accordingly, RANBP9 overexpression inhibited cell growth and colony formation. Knockdown of RANBP9 was associated with upregulated cyclin A2 in the two cell lines. In conclusion, RANBP9 served an inhibitory role in CRC in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, RANBP9 may be considered a potential target for treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunzhi Qin
- Department of General Surgery, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China
| | - Guangbin Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China
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8
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Salemi LM, Maitland MER, McTavish CJ, Schild-Poulter C. Cell signalling pathway regulation by RanBPM: molecular insights and disease implications. Open Biol 2018; 7:rsob.170081. [PMID: 28659384 PMCID: PMC5493780 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.170081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
RanBPM (Ran-binding protein M, also called RanBP9) is an evolutionarily conserved, ubiquitous protein which localizes to both nucleus and cytoplasm. RanBPM has been implicated in the regulation of a number of signalling pathways to regulate several cellular processes such as apoptosis, cell adhesion, migration as well as transcription, and plays a critical role during development. In addition, RanBPM has been shown to regulate pathways implicated in cancer and Alzheimer's disease, implying that RanBPM has important functions in both normal and pathological development. While its functions in these processes are still poorly understood, RanBPM has been identified as a component of a large complex, termed the CTLH (C-terminal to LisH) complex. The yeast homologue of this complex functions as an E3 ubiquitin ligase that targets enzymes of the gluconeogenesis pathway. While the CTLH complex E3 ubiquitin ligase activity and substrates still remain to be characterized, the high level of conservation between the complexes in yeast and mammals infers that the CTLH complex could also serve to promote the degradation of specific substrates through ubiquitination, therefore suggesting the possibility that RanBPM's various functions may be mediated through the activity of the CTLH complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa M Salemi
- Robarts Research Institute, Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street North, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7
| | - Matthew E R Maitland
- Robarts Research Institute, Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street North, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7
| | - Christina J McTavish
- Robarts Research Institute, Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street North, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7
| | - Caroline Schild-Poulter
- Robarts Research Institute, Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street North, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7
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9
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Tau Protein Squired by Molecular Chaperones During Alzheimer’s Disease. J Mol Neurosci 2018; 66:356-368. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-018-1174-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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10
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Palmieri D, Tessari A, Coppola V. Scorpins in the DNA Damage Response. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061794. [PMID: 29914204 PMCID: PMC6032341 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The DNA Damage Response (DDR) is a complex signaling network that comes into play when cells experience genotoxic stress. Upon DNA damage, cellular signaling pathways are rewired to slow down cell cycle progression and allow recovery. However, when the damage is beyond repair, cells activate complex and still not fully understood mechanisms, leading to a complete proliferative arrest or cell death. Several conventional and novel anti-neoplastic treatments rely on causing DNA damage or on the inhibition of the DDR in cancer cells. However, the identification of molecular determinants directing cancer cells toward recovery or death upon DNA damage is still far from complete, and it is object of intense investigation. SPRY-containing RAN binding Proteins (Scorpins) RANBP9 and RANBP10 are evolutionarily conserved and ubiquitously expressed proteins whose biological functions are still debated. RANBP9 has been previously implicated in cell proliferation, survival, apoptosis and migration. Recent studies also showed that RANBP9 is involved in the Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM) signaling upon DNA damage. Accordingly, cells lacking RANBP9 show increased sensitivity to genotoxic treatment. Although there is no published evidence, extensive protein similarities suggest that RANBP10 might have partially overlapping functions with RANBP9. Like RANBP9, RANBP10 bears sites putative target of PIK-kinases and high throughput studies found RANBP10 to be phosphorylated following genotoxic stress. Therefore, this second Scorpin might be another overlooked player of the DDR alone or in combination with RANBP9. This review focuses on the relatively unknown role played by RANBP9 and RANBP10 in responding to genotoxic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Palmieri
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Anna Tessari
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Vincenzo Coppola
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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11
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Wang L, Geist J, Grogan A, Hu LYR, Kontrogianni-Konstantopoulos A. Thick Filament Protein Network, Functions, and Disease Association. Compr Physiol 2018; 8:631-709. [PMID: 29687901 PMCID: PMC6404781 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c170023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sarcomeres consist of highly ordered arrays of thick myosin and thin actin filaments along with accessory proteins. Thick filaments occupy the center of sarcomeres where they partially overlap with thin filaments. The sliding of thick filaments past thin filaments is a highly regulated process that occurs in an ATP-dependent manner driving muscle contraction. In addition to myosin that makes up the backbone of the thick filament, four other proteins which are intimately bound to the thick filament, myosin binding protein-C, titin, myomesin, and obscurin play important structural and regulatory roles. Consistent with this, mutations in the respective genes have been associated with idiopathic and congenital forms of skeletal and cardiac myopathies. In this review, we aim to summarize our current knowledge on the molecular structure, subcellular localization, interacting partners, function, modulation via posttranslational modifications, and disease involvement of these five major proteins that comprise the thick filament of striated muscle cells. © 2018 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 8:631-709, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Janelle Geist
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Alyssa Grogan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Li-Yen R. Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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12
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Puverel S, Kiris E, Singh S, Klarmann KD, Coppola V, Keller JR, Tessarollo L. RanBPM (RanBP9) regulates mouse c-Kit receptor level and is essential for normal development of bone marrow progenitor cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:85109-85123. [PMID: 27835883 PMCID: PMC5341297 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
c-Kit is a tyrosine kinase receptor important for gametogenesis, hematopoiesis, melanogenesis and mast cell biology. Dysregulation of c-Kit function is oncogenic and its expression in the stem cell niche of a number of tissues has underlined its relevance for regenerative medicine and hematopoietic stem cell biology. Yet, very little is known about the mechanisms that control c-Kit protein levels. Here we show that the RanBPM/RanBP9 scaffold protein binds to c-Kit and is necessary for normal c-Kit protein expression in the mouse testis and subset lineages of the hematopoietic system. RanBPM deletion causes a reduction in c-Kit protein but not its mRNA suggesting a posttranslational mechanism. This regulation is specific to the c-Kit receptor since RanBPM reduction does not affect other membrane proteins examined. Importantly, in both mouse hematopoietic system and testis, RanBPM deficiency causes defects consistent with c-Kit loss of expression suggesting that RanBPM is an important regulator of c-Kit function. The finding that this regulatory mechanism is also present in human cells expressing endogenous RanBPM and c-Kit suggests a potential new strategy to target oncogenic c-Kit in malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Puverel
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Erkan Kiris
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Satyendra Singh
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Kimberly D Klarmann
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.,Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, NCI, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Vincenzo Coppola
- The Ohio State University, Department of Cancer, Biology and Genetics, Wexner Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jonathan R Keller
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.,Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, NCI, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Lino Tessarollo
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
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13
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Yang J, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Zheng X, Lu Y, Tao D, Liu Y, Ma Y. CLOCK interacts with RANBP9 and is involved in alternative splicing in spermatogenesis. Gene 2018; 642:199-204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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14
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Lim KH, Suresh B, Park JH, Kim YS, Ramakrishna S, Baek KH. Ubiquitin-specific protease 11 functions as a tumor suppressor by modulating Mgl-1 protein to regulate cancer cell growth. Oncotarget 2018; 7:14441-57. [PMID: 26919101 PMCID: PMC4924727 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Lethal giant larvae (Lgl) gene encodes a cortical cytoskeleton protein, Lgl, and is involved in maintaining cell polarity and epithelial integrity. Previously, we observed that Mgl-1, a mammalian homologue of the Drosophila tumor suppressor protein Lgl, is subjected to degradation via ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, and scaffolding protein RanBPM prevents the turnover of the Mgl-1 protein. Consequently, overexpression of RanBPM enhances Mgl-1-mediated cell proliferation and migration. Here, we analyzed the ability of ubiquitin-specific protease 11 (USP11) as a novel regulator of Mgl-1 and it requires RanBPM to regulate proteasomal degradation of Mgl-1. USP11 showed deubiquitinating activity and stabilized Mgl-1 protein. However, USP11-mediated Mgl-1 stabilization was inhibited in RanBPM-knockdown cells. Furthermore, in the cancer cell migration, the regulation of Mgl-1 by USP11 required RanBPM expression. In addition, an in vivo study revealed that depletion of USP11 leads to tumor formation. Taken together, the results indicated that USP11 functions as a tumor suppressor through the regulation of Mgl-1 protein degradation via RanBPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Key-Hwan Lim
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Gyeonggi-Do 463-400, Republic of Korea
| | - Bharathi Suresh
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Gyeonggi-Do 463-400, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Gyeonggi-Do 463-400, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Soo Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Gyeonggi-Do 463-400, Republic of Korea
| | - Suresh Ramakrishna
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Gyeonggi-Do 463-400, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyun Baek
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Gyeonggi-Do 463-400, Republic of Korea
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15
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Mei Y, Wright KM, Haegeman A, Bauters L, Diaz-Granados A, Goverse A, Gheysen G, Jones JT, Mantelin S. The Globodera pallida SPRYSEC Effector GpSPRY-414-2 That Suppresses Plant Defenses Targets a Regulatory Component of the Dynamic Microtubule Network. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1019. [PMID: 30050557 PMCID: PMC6052128 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The white potato cyst nematode, Globodera pallida, is an obligate biotrophic pathogen of a limited number of Solanaceous plants. Like other plant pathogens, G. pallida deploys effectors into its host that manipulate the plant to the benefit of the nematode. Genome analysis has led to the identification of large numbers of candidate effectors from this nematode, including the cyst nematode-specific SPRYSEC proteins. These are a secreted subset of a hugely expanded gene family encoding SPRY domain-containing proteins, many of which remain to be characterized. We investigated the function of one of these SPRYSEC effector candidates, GpSPRY-414-2. Expression of the gene encoding GpSPRY-414-2 is restricted to the dorsal pharyngeal gland cell and reducing its expression in G. pallida infective second stage juveniles using RNA interference causes a reduction in parasitic success on potato. Transient expression assays in Nicotiana benthamiana indicated that GpSPRY-414-2 disrupts plant defenses. It specifically suppresses effector-triggered immunity (ETI) induced by co-expression of the Gpa2 resistance gene and its cognate avirulence factor RBP-1. It also causes a reduction in the production of reactive oxygen species triggered by exposure of plants to the bacterial flagellin epitope flg22. Yeast two-hybrid screening identified a potato cytoplasmic linker protein (CLIP)-associated protein (StCLASP) as a host target of GpSPRY-414-2. The two proteins co-localize in planta at the microtubules. CLASPs are members of a conserved class of microtubule-associated proteins that contribute to microtubule stability and growth. However, disruption of the microtubule network does not prevent suppression of ETI by GpSPRY-414-2 nor the interaction of the effector with its host target. Besides, GpSPRY-414-2 stabilizes its target while effector dimerization and the formation of high molecular weight protein complexes including GpSPRY-414-2 are prompted in the presence of the StCLASP. These data indicate that the nematode effector GpSPRY-414-2 targets the microtubules to facilitate infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Mei
- Dundee Effector Consortium, Cell and Molecular Sciences Group, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kathryn M. Wright
- Dundee Effector Consortium, Cell and Molecular Sciences Group, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Annelies Haegeman
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lander Bauters
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Amalia Diaz-Granados
- Laboratory of Nematology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Aska Goverse
- Laboratory of Nematology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Godelieve Gheysen
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - John T. Jones
- Dundee Effector Consortium, Cell and Molecular Sciences Group, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, United Kingdom
- School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie Mantelin
- Dundee Effector Consortium, Cell and Molecular Sciences Group, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Sophie Mantelin
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16
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Tang WH, Zhuang XJ, Song SD, Wu H, Zhang Z, Yang YZ, Zhang HL, Mao JM, Liu DF, Zhao LM, Lin HC, Hong K, Ma LL, Qiao J, Qin W, Tang Y, Jiang H. Ran-binding protein M is associated with human spermatogenesis and oogenesis. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:2257-2262. [PMID: 29207172 PMCID: PMC5783472 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to explore the underlying mechanism and diagnostic potential of Ran-binding protein M (RanBPM) in human spermatogenesis and oogenesis. RanBPM expression in human testis and ovaries was analysed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blotting, and immunofluorescence was performed on testis and ovary tissue sections during different developmental stages of spermatogenesis and oogenesis using RanBPM antibodies. Interactions with a variety of functional proteins were also investigated. RanBPM mRNA and protein expression levels were determined by PCR and western blotting in the tissue sections. Results revealed that the mRNA expression levels were highest in the testis followed by the ovary. The RanBPM protein was predominantly localized in the nucleus of germ cells, and the expression levels were highest in pachytene spermatocytes and cells surrounding spermatids in testis tissue. In ovary cells, RanBPM was localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm. In conclusion, the results suggested that RanBPM may have multiple roles in the regulation of germ cell proliferation during human spermatogenesis and oogenesis. This research may provide a novel insight into the underlying molecular mechanism of RanBPM and may have implications for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of human infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hao Tang
- 1Department of Urology, The Third Hospital of Peking University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Jie Zhuang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Shi-De Song
- Department of Urology, Rizhao People's Hospital, Rizhao, Shandong 276500, P.R. China
| | - Han Wu
- 1Department of Urology, The Third Hospital of Peking University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- 1Department of Urology, The Third Hospital of Peking University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Zhuo Yang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Liang Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Ming Mao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - De-Feng Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Lian-Ming Zhao
- 1Department of Urology, The Third Hospital of Peking University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Hao-Cheng Lin
- 1Department of Urology, The Third Hospital of Peking University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Kai Hong
- 1Department of Urology, The Third Hospital of Peking University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Lu-Lin Ma
- 1Department of Urology, The Third Hospital of Peking University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Jie Qiao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Weibing Qin
- Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Family Planning Research Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510600, P.R. China
| | - Yunge Tang
- Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Family Planning Research Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510600, P.R. China
| | - Hui Jiang
- 1Department of Urology, The Third Hospital of Peking University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
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17
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Das S, Suresh B, Kim HH, Ramakrishna S. RanBPM: a potential therapeutic target for modulating diverse physiological disorders. Drug Discov Today 2017; 22:1816-1824. [PMID: 28847759 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The Ran-binding protein microtubule-organizing center (RanBPM) is a highly conserved nucleocytoplasmic protein involved in a variety of intracellular signaling pathways that control diverse cellular functions. RanBPM interacts with proteins that are linked to various diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), schizophrenia (SCZ), and cancer. In this article, we define the characteristics of the scaffolding protein RanBPM and focus on its interaction partners in diverse physiological disorders, such as neurological diseases, fertility disorders, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumyadip Das
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Bharathi Suresh
- Department of Pharmacology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
| | - Hyongbum Henry Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea; Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea; Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea; Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
| | - Suresh Ramakrishna
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea; College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea.
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18
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Lu Y, Xie S, Zhang W, Zhang C, Gao C, Sun Q, Cai Y, Xu Z, Xiao M, Xu Y, Huang X, Wu X, Liu W, Wang F, Kang Y, Zhou T. Twa1/Gid8 is a β-catenin nuclear retention factor in Wnt signaling and colorectal tumorigenesis. Cell Res 2017; 27:1422-1440. [PMID: 28829046 PMCID: PMC5717399 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2017.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 12/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperactivation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling is one of the major causes of human colorectal cancer (CRC). A hallmark of Wnt signaling is the nuclear accumulation of β-catenin. Although β-catenin nuclear import and export have been widely investigated, the underlying mechanism of β-catenin's nuclear retention remains largely unknown. Here, we report that Twa1/Gid8 is a key nuclear retention factor for β-catenin during Wnt signaling and colorectal carcinogenesis. In the absence of Wnt, Twa1 exists together with β-catenin in the Axin complex and undergoes ubiquitination and degradation. Upon Wnt signaling, Twa1 translocates into the nucleus, where it binds and retains β-catenin. Depletion of Twa1 attenuates Wnt-stimulated gene expression, dorsal development of zebrafish embryos and xenograft tumor growth of CRC cells. Moreover, nuclear Twa1 is significantly upregulated in human CRC tissues, correlating with the nuclear accumulation of β-catenin and poor prognosis. Thus, our results identify Twa1 as a previously undescribed regulator of the Wnt pathway for promoting colorectal tumorigenesis by facilitating β-catenin nuclear retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lu
- Department of Cell Biology and Program in Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Shanshan Xie
- Department of Cell Biology and Program in Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Program in Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Program in Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Cheng Gao
- Department of Cell Biology and Program in Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Department of Cell Biology and Program in Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yuqi Cai
- Department of Cell Biology and Program in Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.,Current address: Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Zhangqi Xu
- Department of Cell Biology and Program in Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Min Xiao
- Department of Cell Biology and Program in Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yanjun Xu
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
| | - Xiao Huang
- Institute of Cellular and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Ximei Wu
- Department of Cell Biology and Program in Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Cell Biology and Program in Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Fudi Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Program in Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Yibin Kang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Tianhua Zhou
- Department of Cell Biology and Program in Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
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19
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Salemi LM, Maitland MER, Yefet ER, Schild-Poulter C. Inhibition of HDAC6 activity through interaction with RanBPM and its associated CTLH complex. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:460. [PMID: 28668087 PMCID: PMC5494137 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3430-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is a microtubule-associated deacetylase that promotes many cellular processes that lead to cell transformation and tumour development. We previously documented an interaction between Ran-Binding Protein M (RanBPM) and HDAC6 and found that RanBPM expression inhibits HDAC6 activity. RanBPM is part of a putative E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, termed the C-terminal to LisH (CTLH) complex. Here, we investigated the involvement of the CTLH complex on HDAC6 inhibition and assessed the outcome of this regulation on the cellular motility induced by HDAC6. Methods Cell lines (Hela, HEK293 and immortalized mouse embryonic fibroblasts) stably or transiently downregulated for several components of the CTLH complex were employed for the assays used in this study. Interactions of HDAC6, RanBPM and muskelin were assessed by co-immunoprecipitations. Quantifications of western blot analyses were employed to evaluate acetylated α-tubulin levels. Confocal microscopy analyses were used to determine microtubule association of HDAC6 and CTLH complex members. Cell migration was evaluated using wound healing assays. Results We demonstrate that RanBPM-mediated inhibition of HDAC6 is dependent on its association with HDAC6. We show that, while HDAC6 does not require RanBPM to associate with microtubules, RanBPM association with microtubules requires HDAC6. Additionally, we show that Twa1 (Two-hybrid-associated protein 1 with RanBPM) and MAEA (Macrophage Erythroblast Attacher), two CTLH complex members, also associate with α-tubulin and that muskelin, another component of the CTLH complex, is able to associate with HDAC6. Downregulation of CTLH complex members muskelin and Rmnd5A (Required for meiotic nuclear division homolog A) resulted in decreased acetylation of HDAC6 substrate α-tubulin. Finally, we demonstrate that the increased cell migration resulting from downregulation of RanBPM is due to the relief in inhibition of HDAC6 α-tubulin deacetylase activity. Conclusions Our work shows that RanBPM, together with the CTLH complex, associates with HDAC6 and restricts cell migration through inhibition of HDAC6 activity. This study uncovers a novel function for the CTLH complex and suggests that it could have a tumour suppressive role in restricting HDAC6 oncogenic properties. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-017-3430-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa M Salemi
- Robarts Research Institute and Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street North, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Matthew E R Maitland
- Robarts Research Institute and Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street North, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Eyal R Yefet
- Robarts Research Institute and Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street North, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Caroline Schild-Poulter
- Robarts Research Institute and Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street North, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada.
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20
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Dai H, Lv YF, Yan GN, Meng G, Zhang X, Guo QN. RanBP9/TSSC3 complex cooperates to suppress anoikis resistance and metastasis via inhibiting Src-mediated Akt signaling in osteosarcoma. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2572. [PMID: 28032865 PMCID: PMC5261021 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Suppression of anoikis is a prerequisite for tumor cell metastasis, which is correlated with chemoresistance and poor prognosis. We characterized a novel interaction between RanBP9 SPRY domain and TSSC3 PH domain by which RanBP9/TSSC3 complex exerts transcription and post-translation regulation in osteosarcoma. RanBP9/TSSC3 complex was inversely correlated with a highly anoikis-resistant phenotype in osteosarcoma cells and metastasis in human osteosarcoma. RanBP9 cooperated with TSSC3 to inhibit anchorage-independent growth and to promote anoikis in vitro and suppress lung metastasis in vivo. Moreover, RanBP9 SPRY domain was required for RanBP9/TSSC3 complex-mediated anoikis resistance. Mechanistically, RanBP9 formed a ternary complex with TSSC3 and Src to scaffold this interaction, which suppressed both Src and Src-dependent Akt pathway activations and facilitated mitochondrial-associated anoikis. Collectively, the newly identified RanBP9/TSSC3 complex cooperatively suppress metastasis via downregulation of Src-dependent Akt pathway to expedite mitochondrial-associated anoikis. This study provides a biological basis for exploring the therapeutic significance of dual targeting of RanBP9 and TSSC3 in osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanzi Dai
- Department of Pathology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Nephrology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang-Fan Lv
- Department of Pathology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Ning Yan
- Department of Pathology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Meng
- Department of Pathology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiao-Nan Guo
- Department of Pathology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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21
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Hong SK, Kim KH, Song EJ, Kim EE. Structural Basis for the Interaction between the IUS-SPRY Domain of RanBPM and DDX-4 in Germ Cell Development. J Mol Biol 2016; 428:4330-4344. [PMID: 27622290 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
RanBPM and RanBP10 are non-canonical members of the Ran binding protein family that lack the Ran binding domain and do not associate with Ran GTPase in vivo. Rather, they have been shown to be scaffolding proteins that are important for a variety of cellular processes, and both of these proteins contain a SPRY domain, which has been implicated in mediating protein-protein interactions with a variety of targets including the DEAD-box containing ATP-dependent RNA helicase (DDX-4). In this study, we have determined the crystal structures of the SPIa and the ryanodine receptor domain and of approximately 70 upstream residues (immediate upstream to SPRY motif) of both RanBPM and RanBP10. They are almost identical, composed of a β-sandwich fold with a set of two helices on each side located at the edge of the sheets. A unique shallow binding surface is formed by highly conserved loops on the surface of the β-sheet with two aspartates on one end, a positive patch on the opposite end, and a tryptophan lining at the bottom of the surface. The 20-mer peptide (residues 228-247) of human DDX-4, an ATP-dependent RNA helicase known to regulate germ cell development, binds to this surface with a KD of ~13μM. The crystal structure of the peptide complex and the mutagenesis studies elucidate how RanBPM can recognize its interaction partners to function in gametogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Kon Hong
- Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seongbuk-gu Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Kook-Han Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seongbuk-gu Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Joo Song
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seongbuk-gu Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunice EunKyeong Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seongbuk-gu Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Bamburg JR, Bernstein BW. Actin dynamics and cofilin-actin rods in alzheimer disease. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2016; 73:477-97. [PMID: 26873625 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cytoskeletal abnormalities and synaptic loss, typical of both familial and sporadic Alzheimer disease (AD), are induced by diverse stresses such as neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and energetic stress, each of which may be initiated or enhanced by proinflammatory cytokines or amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides. Extracellular Aβ-containing plaques and intracellular phospho-tau-containing neurofibrillary tangles are postmortem pathologies required to confirm AD and have been the focus of most studies. However, AD brain, but not normal brain, also have increased levels of cytoplasmic rod-shaped bundles of filaments composed of ADF/cofilin-actin in a 1:1 complex (rods). Cofilin, the major ADF/cofilin isoform in mammalian neurons, severs actin filaments at low cofilin/actin ratios and stabilizes filaments at high cofilin/actin ratios. It binds cooperatively to ADP-actin subunits in F-actin. Cofilin is activated by dephosphorylation and may be oxidized in stressed neurons to form disulfide-linked dimers, required for bundling cofilin-actin filaments into stable rods. Rods form within neurites causing synaptic dysfunction by sequestering cofilin, disrupting normal actin dynamics, blocking transport, and exacerbating mitochondrial membrane potential loss. Aβ and proinflammatory cytokines induce rods through a cellular prion protein-dependent activation of NADPH oxidase and production of reactive oxygen species. Here we review recent advances in our understanding of cofilin biochemistry, rod formation, and the development of cognitive deficits. We will then discuss rod formation as a molecular pathway for synapse loss that may be common between all three prominent current AD hypotheses, thus making rods an attractive therapeutic target. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Bamburg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO.
| | - Barbara W Bernstein
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
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23
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Xie J, Gizatullin R, Vukojevic V, Leopardi R. The CCDC55 couples cannabinoid receptor CNR1 to a putative DISC1 schizophrenia pathway. Neuroscience 2015; 310:723-30. [PMID: 26475744 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Our previous study suggested that the coiled coil domain-containing 55 gene (CCDC55), also named as NSRP1 (nuclear speckle splicing regulatory protein 1 (NSRP1)), was encompassed in a haplotype block spanning over the serotonin transporter (5-HTT) gene in patients with schizophrenia (SCZ). However, the neurobiological function of CCDC55 gene remains unknown. This study aims to uncover the potential role of CCDC55 in SCZ-associated molecular pathways. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Using molecular cloning, sequencing and immune blotting to identify basic properties, yeast two-hybrid screening and glutathione S-transferase (GST) pull-down assay to test protein-protein interaction, and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CSLM) to show intracellular interaction of proteins. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS (i) CCDC55 is expressed as a nuclear protein in human neuronal cells; (ii) Protein-protein interaction analyses showed CCDC55 physically interacted with Ran binding protein 9 (RanBP9) and disrupted in schizophrenia 1 (DISC1); (iii) CCDC55 and RanBP9 co-localized in the nucleus of human neuronal cells; (iv) CCDC55 also interacted with the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CNR1), and with the brain cannabinoid receptor-interacting protein 1a (CNRIP1a); (v) CNR1 activation in differentiated human neuronal cells resulted in an altered RanBP9 localization. CONCLUSION CCDC55 may be involved in a functional bridging between the CNR1 activation and the DISC1/RanBP9-associated pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Xie
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - R Gizatullin
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - V Vukojevic
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - R Leopardi
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Yang YC, Feng TH, Chen TY, Huang HH, Hung CC, Liu ST, Chang LK. RanBPM regulates Zta-mediated transcriptional activity in Epstein–Barr virus. J Gen Virol 2015; 96:2336-2348. [DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.000157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Chun Yang
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tzu-Hui Feng
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tse-Yao Chen
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsiang-Hung Huang
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chen-Chia Hung
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shih-Tung Liu
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Li-Kwan Chang
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan, ROC
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BAE JOONSEOL, KIM JASONYONGHA, PARK BYUNGLAE, CHEONG HYUNSUB, KIM JEONGHYUN, NAMGOONG SUHG, KIM JION, PARK CHULSOO, KIM BONGJO, LEE CHEOLSOON, LEE MIGYUNG, CHOI WOOHYUK, SHIN TAEMIN, HWANG JAEUK, SHIN HYOUNGDOO, WOO SUNGIL. Investigating the potential genetic association between RANBP9 polymorphisms and the risk of schizophrenia. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:2975-80. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.3045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Bao J, Tang C, Li J, Zhang Y, Bhetwal BP, Zheng H, Yan W. RAN-binding protein 9 is involved in alternative splicing and is critical for male germ cell development and male fertility. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004825. [PMID: 25474150 PMCID: PMC4256260 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
As a member of the large Ran-binding protein family, Ran-binding protein 9 (RANBP9) has been suggested to play a critical role in diverse cellular functions in somatic cell lineages in vitro, and this is further supported by the neonatal lethality phenotype in Ranbp9 global knockout mice. However, the exact molecular actions of RANBP9 remain largely unknown. By inactivation of Ranbp9 specifically in testicular somatic and spermatogenic cells, we discovered that Ranbp9 was dispensable for Sertoli cell development and functions, but critical for male germ cell development and male fertility. RIP-Seq and proteomic analyses revealed that RANBP9 was associated with multiple key splicing factors and directly targeted >2,300 mRNAs in spermatocytes and round spermatids. Many of the RANBP9 target and non-target mRNAs either displayed aberrant splicing patterns or were dysregulated in the absence of Ranbp9. Our data uncovered a novel role of Ranbp9 in regulating alternative splicing in spermatogenic cells, which is critical for normal spermatogenesis and male fertility. Male fertility depends on successful production of functional sperm. Sperm are produced through spermatogenesis, a process of male germ cell proliferation and differentiation in the testis. Most of the genes involved in spermatogenesis are transcribed and processed into multiple isoforms, which are mainly achieved through alternative splicing. The testis-specific transcriptome, characterized by male germ cell-specific alternative splicing patterns, has been shown to be essential for successful spermatogenesis. However, how these male germ cells-specific alternative splicing events are regulated remains largely unknown. Here, we report that RANBP9 is involved in alternative splicing events that are critical for male germ cell development, and dysfunction of RANBP9 leads to disrupted spermatogenesis and compromised male fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiang Bao
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada Reno School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, United States of America
| | - Chong Tang
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada Reno School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, United States of America
| | - Jiachen Li
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada Reno School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, United States of America
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada Reno School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, United States of America
| | - Bhupal P. Bhetwal
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada Reno School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, United States of America
| | - Huili Zheng
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada Reno School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, United States of America
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada Reno School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Bai A, Moss A, Kokkotou E, Usheva A, Sun X, Cheifetz A, Zheng Y, Longhi MS, Gao W, Wu Y, Robson SC. CD39 and CD161 modulate Th17 responses in Crohn's disease. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:3366-77. [PMID: 25172498 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
CD39 (ENTPD1) is expressed by subsets of pathogenic human CD4(+) T cells, such as Th17 cells. These Th17 cells are considered important in intestinal inflammation, such as seen in Crohn's disease (CD). Recently, CD161 (NKR-P1A) was shown to be a phenotypic marker of human Th17 cells. In this study, we report that coexpression of CD161 and CD39 not only identifies these cells but also promotes Th17 generation. We note that human CD4(+)CD39(+)CD161(+) T cells can be induced under stimulatory conditions that promote Th17 in vitro. Furthermore, CD4(+)CD39(+)CD161(+) cells purified from blood and intestinal tissues, from both healthy controls and patients with CD, are of the Th17 phenotype and exhibit proinflammatory functions. CD39 is coexpressed with CD161, and this association augments acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) activity upon stimulation of CD4(+) T cells. These pathways regulate mammalian target of rapamycin and STAT3 signaling to drive the Th17 phenotype. Inhibition of ASM activity by pharmacological blockers or knockdown of ASM abrogates STAT3 signaling, thereby limiting IL-17 production in CD4(+) T cells obtained from both controls and patients with active CD. Increased levels of CD39(+)CD161(+) CD4(+) T cells in blood or lamina propria are noted in patients with CD, and levels directly correlate with clinical disease activity. Hence, coexpression of CD39 and CD161 by CD4(+) T cells might serve as a biomarker to monitor Th17 responsiveness. Collectively, CD39 and CD161 modulate human Th17 responses in CD through alterations in purinergic nucleotide-mediated responses and ASM catalytic bioactivity, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiping Bai
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Alan Moss
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Efi Kokkotou
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Anny Usheva
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Xiaofeng Sun
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Adam Cheifetz
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02215; and
| | - Maria Serena Longhi
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Wenda Gao
- Antagen Institute for Biomedical Research, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Simon C Robson
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02215;
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Wang R, Palavicini JP, Wang H, Maiti P, Bianchi E, Xu S, Lloyd BN, Dawson-Scully K, Kang DE, Lakshmana MK. RanBP9 overexpression accelerates loss of dendritic spines in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2014; 69:169-79. [PMID: 24892886 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2014.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that RanBP9 overexpression increased Aβ generation and amyloid plaque burden, subsequently leading to robust reductions in the levels of several synaptic proteins as well as deficits in the learning and memory skills in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the present study, we found striking reduction of spinophilin-immunoreactive puncta (52%, p<0.001) and spinophilin area (62.5%, p<0.001) in the primary cortical neurons derived from RanBP9 transgenic mice (RanBP9-Tg) compared to wild-type (WT) neurons. Similar results were confirmed in WT cortical neurons transfected with EGFP-RanBP9. At 6-months of age, the total spine density in the cortex of RanBP9 single transgenic, APΔE9 double transgenic and APΔE9/RanBP9 triple transgenic mice was similar to WT mice. However, in the hippocampus the spine density was significantly reduced (27%, p<0.05) in the triple transgenic mice compared to WT mice due to reduced number of thin spines (33%, p<0.05) and mushroom spines (22%, p<0.05). This suggests that RanBP9 overexpression in the APΔE9 mice accelerates loss of spines and that the hippocampus is more vulnerable. At 12-months of age, the cortex showed significant reductions in total spine density in the RanBP9 (22%, p<0.05), APΔE9 (19%, p<0.05) and APΔE9/RanBP9 (33%, p<0.01) mice compared to WT controls due to reductions in mushroom and thin spines. Similarly, in the hippocampus the total spine density was reduced in the RanBP9 (23%, p<0.05), APΔE9 (26%, p<0.05) and APΔE9/RanBP9 (39%, p<0.01) mice due to reductions in thin and mushroom spines. Most importantly, RanBP9 overexpression in the APΔE9 mice further exacerbated the reductions in spine density in both the cortex (14%, p<0.05) and the hippocampus (16%, p<0.05). Because dendritic spines are considered physical traces of memory, loss of spines due to RanBP9 provided the physical basis for the learning and memory deficits. Since RanBP9 protein levels are increased in AD brains, RanBP9 might play a crucial role in the loss of spines and synapses in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhi Wang
- Section of Neurobiology, Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port Saint Lucie, FL 34987, USA
| | - Juan Pablo Palavicini
- Section of Neurobiology, Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port Saint Lucie, FL 34987, USA
| | - Hongjie Wang
- Section of Neurobiology, Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port Saint Lucie, FL 34987, USA
| | - Panchanan Maiti
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Department of Neurology, 415 Link Building, TN, USA
| | - Elisabetta Bianchi
- Laboratory of Immuneregulation, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Shaohua Xu
- Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West University Blvd, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA
| | - B N Lloyd
- Department of Biological Sciences, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - Ken Dawson-Scully
- Department of Biological Sciences, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - David E Kang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, 4001 E. Fletcher Ave. - MDC36, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Madepalli K Lakshmana
- Section of Neurobiology, Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port Saint Lucie, FL 34987, USA.
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Wang H, Wang R, Xu S, Lakshmana MK. RanBP9 overexpression accelerates loss of pre and postsynaptic proteins in the APΔE9 transgenic mouse brain. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85484. [PMID: 24454876 PMCID: PMC3891818 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
There is now compelling evidence that the neurodegenerative process in Alzheimer's disease (AD) begins in synapses. Loss of synaptic proteins and functional synapses in the amyloid precursor protein (APP) transgenic mouse models of AD is well established. However, what is the earliest age at which such loss of synapses occurs, and whether known markers of AD progression accelerate functional deficits is completely unknown. We previously showed that RanBP9 overexpression leads to robustly increased amyloid β peptide (Aβ) generation leading to enhanced amyloid plaque burden in a mouse model of AD. In this study we compared synaptic protein levels among four genotypes of mice, i.e., RanBP9 single transgenic (Ran), APΔE9 double transgenic (Dbl), APΔE9/RanBP9 triple transgenic (Tpl) and wild-type (WT) controls. We found significant reductions in the levels of synaptic proteins in both cortex and hippocampus of 5- and 6-months-old but not 3- or 4-months-old mice. Specifically, at 5-months of age, rab3A was reduced in the triple transgenic mice only in the cortex by 25% (p<0.05) and gap43 levels were reduced only in the hippocampus by 44% (p<0.01) compared to wild-type (WT) controls. Interestingly, RanBP9 overexpression in the Tpl mice reduced gap43 levels by a further 31% (p<0.05) compared to APΔE9 mice. RanBP9 also further decreased the levels of drebrin in the hippocampus by 32% (p<0.01) and chromogranin in the cortex by 24% (p<0.05) compared to APΔE9 mice. At 6-months of age, RanBP9 expression in the cortex led to further reduction of rab3A by 30% (p<0.05) and drebrin by 38% (p<0.01) compared to APΔE9 mice. RanBP9 also increased Aβ oligomers in the cortex at 6 months. Similarly, in the hippocampus, RanBP9 expression further reduced rab3A levels by 36% (p<0.01) and drebrin levels by 33% (p<0.01). Taken together these data suggest that RanBP9 overexpression accelerates loss of synaptic proteins in the mouse brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Wang
- Section of Neurobiology, Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, Port Saint Lucie, Florida, United States of America
| | - Ruizhi Wang
- Section of Neurobiology, Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, Port Saint Lucie, Florida, United States of America
| | - Shaohua Xu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Florida, United States of America
| | - Madepalli K. Lakshmana
- Section of Neurobiology, Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, Port Saint Lucie, Florida, United States of America
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Tsioras K, Papastefanaki F, Politis PK, Matsas R, Gaitanou M. Functional Interactions between BM88/Cend1, Ran-binding protein M and Dyrk1B kinase affect cyclin D1 levels and cell cycle progression/exit in mouse neuroblastoma cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82172. [PMID: 24312406 PMCID: PMC3842983 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BM88/Cend1 is a neuronal-lineage specific modulator with a pivotal role in coordination of cell cycle exit and differentiation of neuronal precursors. In the current study we identified the signal transduction scaffolding protein Ran-binding protein M (RanBPM) as a BM88/Cend1 binding partner and showed that BM88/Cend1, RanBPM and the dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation regulated kinase 1B (Dyrk1B) are expressed in mouse brain as well as in cultured embryonic cortical neurons while RanBPM can form complexes with either of the two other proteins. To elucidate a potential mechanism involving BM88/Cend1, RanBPM and Dyrk1B in cell cycle progression/exit, we transiently co-expressed these proteins in mouse neuroblastoma Neuro 2a cells. We found that the BM88/Cend1-dependent or Dyrk1B-dependent down-regulation of cyclin D1 is reversed following their functional interaction with RanBPM. More specifically, functional interaction of RanBPM with either BM88/Cend1 or Dyrk1B stabilizes cyclin D1 in the nucleus and promotes 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation as a measure of enhanced cell proliferation. However, the RanBPM-dependent Dyrk1B cytosolic retention and degradation is reverted in the presence of Cend1 resulting in cyclin D1 destabilization. Co-expression of RanBPM with either BM88/Cend1 or Dyrk1B also had a negative effect on Neuro 2a cell differentiation. Our results suggest that functional interactions between BM88/Cend1, RanBPM and Dyrk1B affect the balance between cellular proliferation and differentiation in Neuro 2a cells and indicate that a potentially similar mechanism may influence cell cycle progression/exit and differentiation of neuronal precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Tsioras
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
| | - Florentia Papastefanaki
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis K. Politis
- Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Rebecca Matsas
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Gaitanou
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
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Wei JD, Kim JY, Kim AK, Jang SK, Kim JH. RanBPM protein acts as a negative regulator of BLT2 receptor to attenuate BLT2-mediated cell motility. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:26753-63. [PMID: 23928309 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.470260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BLT2, a low affinity receptor for leukotriene B4 (LTB4), is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor family and is involved in many signal transduction pathways associated with various cellular phenotypes, including chemotactic motility. However, the regulatory mechanism for BLT2 has not yet been demonstrated. To understand the regulatory mechanism of BLT2, we screened and identified the proteins that bind to BLT2. Using a yeast two-hybrid assay with the BLT2 C-terminal domain as bait, we found that RanBPM, a previously proposed scaffold protein, interacts with BLT2. We demonstrated the specific interaction between BLT2 and RanBPM by GST pulldown assay and co-immunoprecipitation assay. To elucidate the biological function of the RanBPM-BLT2 interaction, we evaluated the effects of RanBPM overexpression or knockdown. We found that BLT2-mediated motility was severely attenuated by RanBPM overexpression and that knockdown of endogenous RanBPM by shRNA strongly promoted BLT2-mediated motility, suggesting a negative regulatory function of RanBPM toward BLT2. Furthermore, we observed that the addition of BLT2 ligands caused the dissociation of BLT2 and RanBPM, thus releasing the negative regulatory effect of RanBPM. Finally, we propose that Akt-induced BLT2 phosphorylation at residue Thr(355), which occurs after the addition of BLT2 ligands, is a potential mechanism by which BLT2 dissociates from RanBPM, resulting in stimulation of BLT2 signaling. Taken together, our results suggest that RanBPM acts as a negative regulator of BLT2 signaling to attenuate BLT2-mediated cell motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Dong Wei
- From the School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, 5-1 Anam-dong, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701
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A C-Terminal Transmembrane Anchor Targets the Nuage-Localized Spermatogenic Protein Gasz to the Mitochondrial Surface. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 2013. [PMID: 25419467 DOI: 10.1155/2013/707930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria, normally tubular and distributed throughout the cell, are instead found in spermatocytes in perinuclear clusters in close association with nuage, an amorphous organelle composed of RNA and RNA-processing proteins that generate piRNAs. piRNAs are a form of RNAi required for transposon suppression and ultimately fertility. MitoPLD, another protein required for piRNA production, is anchored to the mitochondrial surface, suggesting that the nuage, also known as intermitochondrial cement, needs to be juxtaposed there to bring MitoPLD into proximity with the remainder of the piRNA-generating machinery. However, the mechanism underlying the juxtaposition is unknown. Gasz, a multidomain protein of known function found in the nuage in vertebrates, is required for piRNA production and interacts with other nuage proteins involved in this pathway. Unexpectedly, we observed that Gasz, in nonspermatogenic mammalian cells lines, localizes to mitochondria and does so through a previously unrecognized conserved C-terminal mitochondrial targeting sequence. Moreover, in this setting, Gasz is able to recruit some of the normally nuage-localized proteins to the mitochondrial surface. Taken together, these findings suggest that Gasz is a nuage-localized protein in spermatocytes that facilitates anchoring of the nuage to the mitochondrial surface where piRNA generation takes place as a collaboration between nuage and mitochondrial-surface proteins.
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Palavicini JP, Lloyd BN, Hayes CD, Bianchi E, Kang DE, Dawson-Scully K, Lakshmana MK. RanBP9 Plays a Critical Role in Neonatal Brain Development in Mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66908. [PMID: 23840553 PMCID: PMC3694151 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
RanBP9 is known to act as a scaffolding protein bringing together a variety of cell surface receptors and intracellular targets thereby regulating functions as diverse as neurite and axonal outgrowth, cell morphology, cell proliferation, myelination, gonad development, myofibrillogenesis and migration of neuronal precursors. Though RanBP9 is ubiquitously expressed in all tissues, brain is one of the organs with the highest expression levels of RanBP9. In the neurons, RanBP9 is localized mostly in the cytoplasm but also in the neurites and dendritic processes. We recently demonstrated that RanBP9 plays pathogenic role in Alzheimer’s disease. To understand the role of RanBP9 in the brain, here we generated RanBP9 null mice by gene-trap based strategy. Most of Ran−/− mice die neonatally due to defects in the brain growth and development. The major defects include smaller cortical plate (CP), robustly enlarged lateral ventricles (LV) and reduced volume of hippocampus (HI). The lethal phenotype is due to a suckling defect as evidenced by lack of milk in the stomachs even several hours after parturition. The complex somatosensory system which is required for a behavior such as suckling appears to be compromised in Ran−/− mice due to under developed CP. Most importantly, RanBP9 phenotype is similar to ERK1/2 double knockout and the neural cell adhesion receptor, L1CAM knockout mice. Both ERK1 and L1CAM interact with RanBP9. Thus, RanBP9 appears to control brain growth and development through signaling mechanisms involving ERK1 and L1CAM receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo Palavicini
- Section of Neurobiology, Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, Port Saint Lucie, Florida, United States of America
| | - Brandon Noel Lloyd
- Department of Biological Sciences, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, United States of America
| | - Crystal D. Hayes
- Section of Neurobiology, Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, Port Saint Lucie, Florida, United States of America
| | - Elisabetta Bianchi
- Laboratory of Immuneregulation, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - David E. Kang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Ken Dawson-Scully
- Department of Biological Sciences, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, United States of America
| | - Madepalli K. Lakshmana
- Section of Neurobiology, Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, Port Saint Lucie, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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RanBP9 aggravates synaptic damage in the mouse brain and is inversely correlated to spinophilin levels in Alzheimer's brain synaptosomes. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e667. [PMID: 23764848 PMCID: PMC3698550 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that overexpression of RanBP9 led to enhanced Aβ generation in a variety of cell lines and primary neuronal cultures, and subsequently, we confirmed increased amyloid plaque burden in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the present study, we found striking reduction of spinophilin protein levels when RanBP9 is overexpressed. At 12 months of age, we found spinophilin levels reduced by 70% (P<0.001) in the cortex of APΔE9/RanBP9 mice compared with that in wild-type (WT) controls. In the hippocampus, the spinophilin levels were reduced by 45% (P<0.01) in the APΔE9/RanBP9 mice. Spinophilin immunoreactivity was also reduced by 22% (P<0.01) and 12% (P<0.05) in the cortex of APΔE9/RanBP9 and APΔE9 mice, respectively. In the hippocampus, the reductions were 27% (P<0.001) and 14% (P<0.001) in the APΔE9/RanBP9 and APΔE9 mice, respectively. However, in the cerebellum, spinophilin levels were not altered in either APΔE9 or APΔE9/RanBP9 mice. Additionally, synaptosomal functional integrity was reduced under basal conditions by 39% (P<0.001) in the APΔE9/RanBP9 mice and ∼23% (P<0.001) in the APΔE9 mice compared with that in WT controls. Under ATP- and KCl-stimulated conditions, we observed higher mitochondrial activity in the WT and APΔE9 mice, but lower in the APΔE9/RanBP9 mice. Significantly, we confirmed the inverse relationship between RanBP9-N60 and spinophilin in the synaptosomes of Alzheimer's brains. More importantly, both APΔE9 and APΔE9/RanBP9 mice showed impaired learning and memory skills compared to WT controls. These data suggest that RanBP9 might play a crucial role in the loss of spines and synapses in AD.
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Abstract
RanBPM is a multimodular scaffold protein that interacts with a great variety of molecules including nuclear, cytoplasmic, and membrane proteins. By building multiprotein complexes, RanBPM is thought to regulate various signaling pathways, especially in the immune and nervous system. However, the diversity of these interactions does not facilitate the identification of its precise mechanism of action, and therefore the physiological role of RanBPM still remains unclear. Recently, RanBPM has been shown to be critical for the fertility of both genders in mouse. Although mechanistically it is still unclear how RanBPM affects gametogenesis, the data collected so far suggest that it is a key player in this process. Here, we examine the RanBPM sterility phenotype in the context of other genetic mutations affecting mouse gametogenesis to investigate whether this scaffold protein affects the function of other known proteins whose deficiency results in similar sterility phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Puverel
- Neural Development Section, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Frederick, Maryland, USA.
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Esteves SLC, Korrodi-Gregório L, Cotrim CZ, van Kleeff PJM, Domingues SC, da Cruz e Silva OAB, Fardilha M, da Cruz e Silva EF. Protein phosphatase 1γ isoforms linked interactions in the brain. J Mol Neurosci 2012; 50:179-97. [PMID: 23080069 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-012-9902-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Posttranslational protein modifications, in particular reversible protein phosphorylation, are important regulatory mechanisms involved in cellular signaling transduction pathways. Thousands of human proteins are phosphorylatable and the tight regulation of phosphorylation states is crucial for cell maintenance and development. Protein phosphorylation occurs primarily on serine, threonine, and tyrosine residues, through the antagonistic actions of protein kinases and phosphatases. The catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1), a major Ser/Thr-phosphatase, associates with a large variety of regulatory subunits that define substrate specificity and determine specific cellular pathway responses. PP1 has been shown to bind to different proteins in the brain in order to execute key and differential functions. This work reports the identification of proteins expressed in the human brain that interact with PP1γ1 and PP1γ2 isoforms by the yeast two-hybrid method. An extensive search of PP1-binding motifs was performed for the proteins identified, revealing already known PP1 regulators but also novel interactors. Moreover, our results were integrated with the data of PP1γ interacting proteins from several public web databases, permitting the development of physical maps of the novel interactions. The PP1γ interactome thus obtained allowed for the identification of novel PP1 interacting proteins, supporting novel functions of PP1γ isoforms in the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara L C Esteves
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, Centre for Cell Biology, Biology Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Zimmermann H, Zebisch M, Sträter N. Cellular function and molecular structure of ecto-nucleotidases. Purinergic Signal 2012; 8:437-502. [PMID: 22555564 PMCID: PMC3360096 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-012-9309-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 763] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 02/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecto-nucleotidases play a pivotal role in purinergic signal transmission. They hydrolyze extracellular nucleotides and thus can control their availability at purinergic P2 receptors. They generate extracellular nucleosides for cellular reuptake and salvage via nucleoside transporters of the plasma membrane. The extracellular adenosine formed acts as an agonist of purinergic P1 receptors. They also can produce and hydrolyze extracellular inorganic pyrophosphate that is of major relevance in the control of bone mineralization. This review discusses and compares four major groups of ecto-nucleotidases: the ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases, ecto-5'-nucleotidase, ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterases, and alkaline phosphatases. Only recently and based on crystal structures, detailed information regarding the spatial structures and catalytic mechanisms has become available for members of these four ecto-nucleotidase families. This permits detailed predictions of their catalytic mechanisms and a comparison between the individual enzyme groups. The review focuses on the principal biochemical, cell biological, catalytic, and structural properties of the enzymes and provides brief reference to tissue distribution, and physiological and pathophysiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Zimmermann
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Biologicum, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Carpentier J, Esquibet M, Fouville D, Manzanares-Dauleux MJ, Kerlan MC, Grenier E. The evolution of the Gp-Rbp-1 gene in Globodera pallida includes multiple selective replacements. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2012; 13:546-55. [PMID: 22192092 PMCID: PMC3440577 DOI: 10.1111/j.1364-3703.2011.00769.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The Globodera pallida SPRYSEC Gp-Rbp-1 gene encodes a secreted protein which induces effector-triggered immunity (ETI) mediated by the Solanum tuberosum disease resistance gene Gpa2. Nonetheless, it is not known how the Andes orogeny, the richness in Solanum species found along the Cordillera or the introduction of the nematode into Europe have affected the diversity of Gp-Rbp-1 and its recognition by Gpa2. We generated a dataset of 157 highly polymorphic Gp-Rbp-1 sequences and identified three Gp-Rbp-1 evolutionary pathways: the 'Northern Peru', 'Peru clade I/European' and 'Chilean' paths. These may have been shaped by passive dispersion of the nematode and by climatic variations that have influenced the nature and diversity of wild host species. We also confirmed that, by an analysis of the selection pressures acting on Gp-Rbp-1, this gene has evolved under positive/diversifying selection, but differently among the three evolutionary pathways described. Using this extended sequence dataset, we were able to detect eight sites under positive selection. Six sites appear to be of particular interest because of their predicted localization to the extended loops of the B30.2 domain and/or support by several computational methods. The P/S 187 position was previously identified for its effect on the interaction with GPA2. The functional importance of the other five amino acid polymorphisms observed was investigated using Agrobacterium transient transformation assays. None of these new residues, however, appears to be directly involved in Gpa2-mediated plant defence mechanisms. Thus, the P/S polymorphism observed at position 187 remains the sole variation sufficient to explain the recognition of Gp-Rbp-1 by Gpa2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Carpentier
- INRA, UMR 1099 Bio3P INRA/Agrocampus Ouest/Université Rennes 1, F-35653 Le Rheu, France
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Zhao XL, Campos AR. Insulin signalling in mushroom body neurons regulates feeding behaviour in Drosophila larvae. J Exp Biol 2012; 215:2696-702. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.066969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
Whereas the pivotal role of insulin signalling in cell division, growth and differentiation is well documented, its role in the regulation of neuronal function and behaviour has recently become the focus of intense investigation. The simple organization of the Drosophila larval brain and the availability of genetic tools to impair the function of insulin receptor signalling in a spatially specific manner makes Drosophila an attractive model to investigate the role of the insulin pathway in specific behaviours. Here, we show that impairment of insulin signalling in the mushroom body neurons, a structure involved in associative learning, impairs feeding behaviour in the Drosophila larva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li Zhao
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, CanadaL8S 4K1
| | - Ana Regina Campos
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, CanadaL8S 4K1
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Tomaštíková E, Cenklová V, Kohoutová L, Petrovská B, Váchová L, Halada P, Kočárová G, Binarová P. Interactions of an Arabidopsis RanBPM homologue with LisH-CTLH domain proteins revealed high conservation of CTLH complexes in eukaryotes. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2012; 12:83. [PMID: 22676313 PMCID: PMC3464593 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-12-83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND RanBPM (Ran-binding protein in the microtubule-organizing centre) was originally reported as a centrosome-associated protein in human cells. However, RanBPM protein containing highly conserved SPRY, LisH, CTLH and CRA domains is currently considered as a scaffolding protein with multiple cellular functions. A plant homologue of RanBPM has not yet been characterized. RESULTS Based on sequence similarity, we identified a homologue of the human RanBPM in Arabidopsis thaliana. AtRanBPM protein has highly conserved SPRY, LisH, CTLH and CRA domains. Cell fractionation showed that endogenous AtRanBPM or expressed GFP-AtRanBPM are mainly cytoplasmic proteins with only a minor portion detectable in microsomal fractions. AtRanBPM was identified predominantly in the form of soluble cytoplasmic complexes ~230-500 kDa in size. Immunopurification of AtRanBPM followed by mass spectrometric analysis identified proteins containing LisH and CRA domains; LisH, CRA, RING-U-box domains and a transducin/WD40 repeats in a complex with AtRanBPM. Homologues of identified proteins are known to be components of the C-terminal to the LisH motif (CTLH) complexes in humans and budding yeast. Microscopic analysis of GFP-AtRanBPM in vivo and immunofluorescence localization of endogenous AtRanBPM protein in cultured cells and seedlings of Arabidopsis showed mainly cytoplasmic and nuclear localization. Absence of colocalization with γ-tubulin was consistent with the biochemical data and suggests another than a centrosomal role of the AtRanBPM protein. CONCLUSION We showed that as yet uncharacterized Arabidopsis RanBPM protein physically interacts with LisH-CTLH domain-containing proteins. The newly identified high molecular weight cytoplasmic protein complexes of AtRanBPM showed homology with CTLH types of complexes described in mammals and budding yeast. Although the exact functions of the CTLH complexes in scaffolding of protein degradation, in protein interactions and in signalling from the periphery to the cell centre are not yet fully understood, structural conservation of the complexes across eukaryotes suggests their important biological role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Tomaštíková
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, v.v.i., Sokolovská 6, Olomouc, 772 00, Czech Republic
| | - Věra Cenklová
- Institute of Experimental Botany, AS CR, v.v.i., Sokolovská 6, 772 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Kohoutová
- Institute of Microbiology, AS CR, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Beáta Petrovská
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, v.v.i., Sokolovská 6, Olomouc, 772 00, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Váchová
- Institute of Experimental Botany, AS CR, v.v.i., Sokolovská 6, 772 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Halada
- Institute of Microbiology, AS CR, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Gabriela Kočárová
- Institute of Microbiology, AS CR, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Binarová
- Institute of Microbiology, AS CR, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic
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Menssen R, Schweiggert J, Schreiner J, Kusevic D, Reuther J, Braun B, Wolf DH. Exploring the topology of the Gid complex, the E3 ubiquitin ligase involved in catabolite-induced degradation of gluconeogenic enzymes. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:25602-14. [PMID: 22645139 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.363762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, key regulatory enzymes of gluconeogenesis such as fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase are degraded via the ubiquitin proteasome system when cells are replenished with glucose. Polyubiquitination is carried out by the Gid complex, a multisubunit ubiquitin ligase that consists of seven different Gid (glucose-induced degradation-deficient) proteins. Under gluconeogenic conditions the E3 ligase is composed of six subunits (Gid1/Vid30, Gid2/Rmd5, Gid5/Vid28, Gid7, Gid8, and Gid9/Fyv10). Upon the addition of glucose the regulatory subunit Gid4/Vid24 appears, binds to the Gid complex, and triggers ubiquitination of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase. All seven proteins are essential for this process; however, nothing is known about the arrangement of the subunits in the complex. Interestingly, each Gid protein possesses several remarkable motifs (e.g. SPRY, LisH, CTLH domains) that may play a role in protein-protein interaction. We, therefore, generated altered versions of individual Gid proteins by deleting or mutating these domains and performed co-immunoprecipitation experiments to analyze the interaction between distinct subunits. Thus, we were able to create an initial model of the topology of this unusual E3 ubiquitin ligase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Menssen
- Institut für Biochemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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Lakshmana MK, Hayes CD, Bennett SP, Bianchi E, Reddy KM, Koo EH, Kang DE. Role of RanBP9 on amyloidogenic processing of APP and synaptic protein levels in the mouse brain. FASEB J 2012; 26:2072-83. [PMID: 22294787 PMCID: PMC3336780 DOI: 10.1096/fj.11-196709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that RanBP9 binds low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP), amyloid precursor protein (APP), and BACE1 and robustly increased Aβ generation in a variety of cell lines and primary neuronal cultures. To confirm the physiological/ pathological significance of this phenotype in vivo, we successfully generated transgenic mice overexpressing RanBP9 as well as RanBP9-null mice. Here we show that RanBP9 overexpression resulted in >2-fold increase in Aβ40 levels as early as 4 mo of age. A sustained increase in Aβ40 levels was seen at 12 mo of age in both CHAPS-soluble and formic acid (FA)-soluble brain fractions. In addition, Aβ42 levels were also significantly increased in FA-soluble fractions at 12 mo of age. More important, increased Aβ levels were translated to increased deposition of amyloid plaques. In addition, RanBP9 overexpression significantly decreased the levels of synaptophysin and PSD-95 proteins. Conversely, RanBP9-null mice showed increased levels of synaptophysin, PSD-95, and drebrin A protein levels. Given that loss of synapses is the best pathological correlate of cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease (AD), increased Aβ levels by RanBP9 observed in the present study provides compelling evidence that RanBP9 may indeed play a key role in the etiology of AD. If so, RanBP9 provides a great opportunity to develop novel therapy for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madepalli K. Lakshmana
- Section of Neurobiology, Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, Port Saint Lucie, Florida, USA
| | - Crystal D. Hayes
- Section of Neurobiology, Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, Port Saint Lucie, Florida, USA
| | - Steven P. Bennett
- Section of Neurobiology, Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, Port Saint Lucie, Florida, USA
| | - Elisabetta Bianchi
- Laboratory of Immuneregulation, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | | | - Edward H. Koo
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California, La Jolla, California, USA; and
| | - David E. Kang
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California, La Jolla, California, USA; and
- World Class University–Neurocytomics Program, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Adamson A, LaJeunesse D. A study of Epstein-Barr virus BRLF1 activity in a Drosophila model system. ScientificWorldJournal 2012; 2012:347597. [PMID: 22629134 PMCID: PMC3353302 DOI: 10.1100/2012/347597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus, a member of the herpesvirus family, infects a large majority of the human population and is associated with several diseases, including cancer. We have created Drosophila model systems to study the interactions between host cellular proteins and the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) immediate-early genes BRLF1 and BZLF1. BRLF1 and BZLF1 function as transcription factors for viral transcription and are also potent modifiers of host cell activity. Here we have used our model systems to identify host cell genes whose proteins modulate BRLF1 and BZLF1 functions. Via our GMR-R model system, we have found that BRLF1 expression results in overproliferation of fly tissue, unlike BZLF1, and does so through the interaction with known tumor suppressor genes. Through an additional genetic screen, we have identified several Drosophila genes, with human homologs, that may offer further insights into the pathways that BRLF1 interacts with in order to promote EBV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Adamson
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402, USA.
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Suresh B, Ramakrishna S, Baek KH. Diverse roles of the scaffolding protein RanBPM. Drug Discov Today 2011; 17:379-87. [PMID: 22094242 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2011.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2011] [Revised: 10/08/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Ran-binding protein microtubule-organizing center (RanBPM) appears to function as a scaffolding protein in several signal transduction pathways. RanBPM is a crucial component of multiprotein complexes that regulate the cellular function by modulating and/or assembling with a wide range of proteins in different intracellular regions and thereby mediate diverse cellular functions. This suggests a role for RanBPM as a scaffolding protein. In this article, we have summarized the diverse functions of RanBPM and its interacting partners that have been investigated to date. Also, we have categorized the role of RanBPM into four divisions: RanBPM as a modulator/protein stabilizer, regulator of transcription activity, cell cycle and neurological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharathi Suresh
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, CHA General Hospital, Seoul 135-081, Republic of Korea
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Puverel S, Barrick C, Dolci S, Coppola V, Tessarollo L. RanBPM is essential for mouse spermatogenesis and oogenesis. Development 2011; 138:2511-21. [PMID: 21561988 DOI: 10.1242/dev.062505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
RanBPM is a recently identified scaffold protein that links and modulates interactions between cell surface receptors and their intracellular signaling pathways. RanBPM has been shown to interact with a variety of functionally unrelated proteins; however, its function remains unclear. Here, we show that RanBPM is essential for normal gonad development as both male and female RanBPM(-/-) mice are sterile. In the mutant testis there was a marked decrease in spermatogonia proliferation during postnatal development. Strikingly, the first wave of spermatogenesis was totally compromised, as seminiferous tubules of homozygous mutant animals were devoid of post-meiotic germ cells. We determined that spermatogenesis was arrested around the late pachytene-diplotene stages of prophase I; surprisingly, without any obvious defect in chromosome synapsis. Interestingly, RanBPM deletion led to a remarkably quick disappearance of all germ cell types at around one month of age, suggesting that spermatogonia stem cells are also affected by the mutation. Moreover, in chimeric mice generated with RanBPM(-/-) embryonic stem cells all mutant germ cells disappeared by 3 weeks of age suggesting that RanBPM is acting in a cell-autonomous way in germ cells. RanBPM homozygous mutant females displayed a premature ovarian failure due to a depletion of the germ cell pool at the end of prophase I, as in males. Taken together, our results highlight a crucial role for RanBPM in mammalian gametogenesis in both genders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Puverel
- Neural Development Section, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
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Fardilha M, Esteves SLC, Korrodi-Gregório L, Vintém AP, Domingues SC, Rebelo S, Morrice N, Cohen PTW, da Cruz e Silva OAB, da Cruz e Silva EF. Identification of the human testis protein phosphatase 1 interactome. Biochem Pharmacol 2011; 82:1403-15. [PMID: 21382349 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2011.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2011] [Revised: 02/10/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is a critical regulatory mechanism in cellular signalling. To this end, PP1 is a major eukaryotic serine/threonine-specific phosphatase whose cellular functions, in turn, depend on complexes it forms with PP1 interacting proteins-PIPs. The importance of the testis/sperm-enriched variant, PP1γ2, in sperm motility and spermatogenesis has previously been shown. Given the key role of PIPs, it is imperative to identify the physiologically relevant PIPs in testis and sperm. Hence, we performed Yeast Two-Hybrid screens of a human testis cDNA library using as baits the different PP1 isoforms and also a proteomic approach aimed at identifying PP1γ2 binding proteins. To the best of our knowledge this is the largest data set of the human testis PP1 interactome. We report the identification of 77 proteins in human testis and 7 proteins in human sperm that bind PP1. The data obtained increased the known PP1 interactome by reporting 72 novel interactions. Confirmation of the interaction of PP1 with 5 different proteins was also further validated by co-immunoprecipitation or protein overlays. The data here presented provides important insights towards the function of these proteins and opens new possibilities for future research. In fact, such diversity in PP1 regulators makes them excellent targets for pharmacological intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida Fardilha
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, Centre for Cell Biology, Biology Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Hosono K, Noda S, Shimizu A, Nakanishi N, Ohtsubo M, Shimizu N, Minoshima S. YPEL5 protein of the YPEL gene family is involved in the cell cycle progression by interacting with two distinct proteins RanBPM and RanBP10. Genomics 2010; 96:102-11. [PMID: 20580816 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2010.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2009] [Revised: 05/07/2010] [Accepted: 05/16/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
YPEL5 is a member of the YPEL gene family that is highly conserved in the eukaryotic species and apparently involved in a certain cell division-related function. In this study, we examined the functional and phylogenetic aspects of YPEL5 protein in more detail. During cell cycle, YPEL5 protein was detected at different subcellular localizations; at interphase, it was located in the nucleus and centrosome, then it changed location sequentially to spindle poles, mitotic spindle, and spindle midzone during mitosis, and finally transferred to midbody at cytokinesis. Knockdown of YPEL5 function by siRNA or anti-sense morpholino oligonucleotide inhibited the growth of cultured COS-7 cells and early development of medaka fish embryos, indicating its involvement in cell cycle progression. Interestingly, RanBPM (Ran Binding Protein in the Microtubule organizing center, encoded by RANBP9) was identified as a YPEL5-binding protein by yeast two-hybrid method. A paralog of RanBPM, namely RanBP10 (encoded by RANBP10), was found to be another YPEL5-binding protein, and these two protein genes are highly conserved each other. Comparative genomic analysis allowed us to define a new gene family consisting of RanBPM and RanBP10, named Scorpin, providing a basis to better understand how they interact with YPEL5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiro Hosono
- Department of Medical Photobiology, Photon Medical Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Higashi-ku, Japan.
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Scantlebury N, Zhao XL, Rodriguez Moncalvo VG, Camiletti A, Zahanova S, Dineen A, Xin JH, Campos AR. The Drosophila gene RanBPM functions in the mushroom body to regulate larval behavior. PLoS One 2010; 5:e10652. [PMID: 20498842 PMCID: PMC2871054 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2010] [Accepted: 04/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In vertebrates, Ran-Binding Protein in the Microtubule Organizing Center (RanBPM) appears to function as a scaffolding protein in a variety of signal transduction pathways. In Drosophila, RanBPM is implicated in the regulation of germ line stem cell (GSC) niche organization in the ovary. Here, we addressed the role of RanBPM in nervous system function in the context of Drosophila larval behavior. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We report that in Drosophila, RanBPM is required for larval feeding, light-induced changes in locomotion, and viability. RanBPM is highly expressed in the Kenyon cells of the larval mushroom body (MB), a structure well studied for its role in associative learning in Drosophila and other insects. RanBPM mutants do not display major disruption in nervous system morphology besides reduced proliferation. Expression of the RanBPM gene in the Kenyon cells is sufficient to rescue all behavioral phenotypes. Through genetic epistasis experiments, we demonstrate that RanBPM participates with the Drosophila orthologue of the Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein (FMRP) in the development of neuromuscular junction (NMJ). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE We demonstrate that the RanBPM gene functions in the MB neurons for larval behavior. Our results suggest a role for this gene in an FMRP-dependent process. Taken together our findings point to a novel role for the MB in larval behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Scantlebury
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xiao Li Zhao
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Alison Camiletti
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stacy Zahanova
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aidan Dineen
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ji-Hou Xin
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ana Regina Campos
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Rex EB, Rankin ML, Yang Y, Lu Q, Gerfen CR, Jose PA, Sibley DR. Identification of RanBP 9/10 as interacting partners for protein kinase C (PKC) gamma/delta and the D1 dopamine receptor: regulation of PKC-mediated receptor phosphorylation. Mol Pharmacol 2010; 78:69-80. [PMID: 20395553 DOI: 10.1124/mol.110.063727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We reported previously that ethanol treatment regulates D(1) receptor phosphorylation and signaling in a protein kinase C (PKC) delta- and PKCgamma-dependent fashion by a mechanism that may involve PKC isozyme-specific interacting proteins. Using a PKC isozyme-specific coimmunoprecipitation approach coupled to mass spectrometry, we report the identification of RanBP9 and RanBP10 as novel interacting proteins for both PKCgamma and PKCdelta. Both RanBP9 and RanBP10 were found to specifically coimmunoprecipitate with both PKCgamma and PKCdelta; however, this association did not seem to mediate the ethanol regulation of the PKCs. It is noteworthy that the D(1) receptor was also found to specifically coimmunoprecipitate with RanBP9/10 from human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293T cells and with endogenous RanBP9 from rat kidney. RanBP9 and RanBP10 were also found to colocalize at the cellular level with the D(1) receptor in both kidney and brain tissue. Although overexpression of RanBP9 or RanBP10 in HEK293T cells did not seem to alter the kinase activities of either PKCdelta or PKCgamma, both RanBP proteins regulated D(1) receptor phosphorylation, signaling, and, in the case of RanBP9, expression. Specifically, overexpression of either RanBP9 or RanBP10 enhanced basal D(1) receptor phosphorylation, which was associated with attenuation of D(1) receptor-stimulated cAMP accumulation. Moreover, treatment of cells with select PKC inhibitors blocked the RanBP9/10-dependent increase in basal receptor phosphorylation, suggesting that phosphorylation of the receptor by PKC is regulated by RanBP9/10. These data support the idea that RanBP9 and RanBP10 may function as signaling integrators and dictate the efficient regulation of D(1) receptor signaling by PKCdelta and PKCgamma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth B Rex
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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