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Sosa LDV, Picech F, Perez P, Gutierrez S, Leal RB, De Paul A, Torres A, Petiti JP. Regulation of FGF2-induced proliferation by inhibitory GPCR in normal pituitary cells. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1183151. [PMID: 37576961 PMCID: PMC10414184 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1183151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Intracellular communication is essential for the maintenance of the anterior pituitary gland plasticity. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether GPCR-Gαi modulates basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF2)-induced proliferative activity in normal pituitary cell populations. Methods Anterior pituitary primary cell cultures from Wistar female rats were treated with FGF2 (10ng/mL) or somatostatin analog (SSTa, 100nM) alone or co-incubated with or without the inhibitors of GPCR-Gαi, pertussis toxin (PTX, 500nM), MEK inhibitor (U0126, 100µM) or PI3K inhibitor (LY 294002, 10 μM). Results FGF2 increased and SSTa decreased the lactotroph and somatotroph BrdU uptak2e (p<0.05) whereas the FGF2-induced S-phase entry was prevented by SSTa co-incubation in both cell types, with these effects being reverted by PTX, U0126 or LY294002 pre-incubation. The inhibition of lactotroph and somatotroph mitosis was associated with a downregulation of c-Jun expression, a decrease of phosphorylated (p) ERK and pAKT. Furthermore, SSTa was observed to inhibit the S-phase entry induced by FGF2, resulting in a further increase in the number of cells in the G1 phase and a concomitant reduction in the number of cells in the S phases (p< 0.05), effects related to a decrease of cyclin D1 expression and an increase in the expression of the cell cycle inhibitors p27 and p21. Discussion In summary, the GPCR-Gαi activated by SSTa blocked the pro-proliferative effect of FGF2 in normal pituitary cells via a MEK-dependent mechanism, which acts as a mediator of both anti and pro-mitogenic signals, that may regulate the principal effectors of the G1 to S-phase transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana del V. Sosa
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Centro de Microscopía Electrónica, Córdoba, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Florencia Picech
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Centro de Microscopía Electrónica, Córdoba, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Pablo Perez
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Centro de Microscopía Electrónica, Córdoba, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Silvina Gutierrez
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Centro de Microscopía Electrónica, Córdoba, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Rodrigo Bainy Leal
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Departamento de Bioquímica e Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Ana De Paul
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Centro de Microscopía Electrónica, Córdoba, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Alicia Torres
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Centro de Microscopía Electrónica, Córdoba, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Juan Pablo Petiti
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Centro de Microscopía Electrónica, Córdoba, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA), Córdoba, Argentina
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Ji N, Wu CG, Wang XD, Song ZX, Wu PY, Liu X, Feng X, Zhang XM, Wang XF, Lv ZJ. Anti-aging Effects of Alu Antisense RNA on Human Fibroblast Senescence Through the MEK-ERK Pathway Mediated by KIF15. Curr Med Sci 2023; 43:35-47. [PMID: 36808398 PMCID: PMC9939868 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-022-2688-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether human short interspersed nuclear element antisense RNA (Alu antisense RNA; Alu asRNA) could delay human fibroblast senescence and explore the underlying mechanisms. METHODS We transfected Alu asRNA into senescent human fibroblasts and used cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and senescence-associated beta-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) staining methods to analyze the anti-aging effects of Alu asRNA on the fibroblasts. We also used an RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) method to investigate the Alu asRNA-specific mechanisms of anti-aging. We examined the effects of KIF15 on the anti-aging role induced by Alu asRNA. We also investigated the mechanisms underlying a KIF15-induced proliferation of senescent human fibroblasts. RESULTS The CCK-8, ROS and SA-β-gal results showed that Alu asRNA could delay fibroblast aging. RNA-seq showed 183 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in Alu asRNA transfected fibroblasts compared with fibroblasts transfected with the calcium phosphate transfection (CPT) reagent. The KEGG analysis showed that the cell cycle pathway was significantly enriched in the DEGs in fibroblasts transfected with Alu asRNA compared with fibroblasts transfected with the CPT reagent. Notably, Alu asRNA promoted the KIF15 expression and activated the MEK-ERK signaling pathway. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that Alu asRNA could promote senescent fibroblast proliferation via activation of the KIF15-mediated MEK-ERK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ji
- Department of Genetics, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Lab of Laboratory Animal, Shijiazhuang, 050017 China
| | - Chong-guang Wu
- Department of Genetics, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Lab of Laboratory Animal, Shijiazhuang, 050017 China
| | - Xiao-die Wang
- Department of Genetics, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Lab of Laboratory Animal, Shijiazhuang, 050017 China
| | - Zhi-xue Song
- Department of Genetics, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Lab of Laboratory Animal, Shijiazhuang, 050017 China
| | - Pei-yuan Wu
- Department of Genetics, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Lab of Laboratory Animal, Shijiazhuang, 050017 China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Genetics, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Lab of Laboratory Animal, Shijiazhuang, 050017 China
| | - Xu Feng
- Department of Genetics, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Lab of Laboratory Animal, Shijiazhuang, 050017 China
| | - Xiang-mei Zhang
- Research Center, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050011 China
| | - Xiu-fang Wang
- Department of Genetics, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Lab of Laboratory Animal, Shijiazhuang, 050017 China
| | - Zhan-jun Lv
- Department of Genetics, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Lab of Laboratory Animal, Shijiazhuang, 050017 China
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3
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Binlateh T, Reudhabibadh R, Prommeenate P, Hutamekalin P. Investigation of mechanisms underlying the inhibitory effects of metformin against proliferation and growth of neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2022; 83:105410. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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4
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Gutierrez-Prat N, Zuberer HL, Mangano L, Karimaddini Z, Wolf L, Tyanova S, Wellinger LC, Marbach D, Griesser V, Pettazzoni P, Bischoff JR, Rohle D, Palladino C, Vivanco I. DUSP4 protects BRAF- and NRAS-mutant melanoma from oncogene overdose through modulation of MITF. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:5/9/e202101235. [PMID: 35580987 PMCID: PMC9113946 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202101235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
MAPK inhibitors (MAPKi) remain an important component of the standard of care for metastatic melanoma. However, acquired resistance to these drugs limits their therapeutic benefit. Tumor cells can become refractory to MAPKi by reactivation of ERK. When this happens, tumors often become sensitive to drug withdrawal. This drug addiction phenotype results from the hyperactivation of the oncogenic pathway, a phenomenon commonly referred to as oncogene overdose. Several feedback mechanisms are involved in regulating ERK signaling. However, the genes that serve as gatekeepers of oncogene overdose in mutant melanoma remain unknown. Here, we demonstrate that depletion of the ERK phosphatase, DUSP4, leads to toxic levels of MAPK activation in both drug-naive and drug-resistant mutant melanoma cells. Importantly, ERK hyperactivation is associated with down-regulation of lineage-defining genes including MITF Our results offer an alternative therapeutic strategy to treat mutant melanoma patients with acquired MAPKi resistance and those unable to tolerate MAPKi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Gutierrez-Prat
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Oncology Discovery, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hedwig L Zuberer
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Oncology Discovery, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Luca Mangano
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Oncology Discovery, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Zahra Karimaddini
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Informatics, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Luise Wolf
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Informatics, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefka Tyanova
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Informatics, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Daniel Marbach
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Vera Griesser
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Piergiorgio Pettazzoni
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Oncology Discovery, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - James R Bischoff
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Oncology Discovery, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Chiara Palladino
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Oncology Discovery, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Igor Vivanco
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, UK
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5
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Chen YT, Tseng TT, Tsai HP, Huang MY. Arylquin 1 (Potent Par-4 Secretagogue) Inhibits Tumor Progression and Induces Apoptosis in Colon Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105645. [PMID: 35628455 PMCID: PMC9143413 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common gastrointestinal cancers worldwide. Current therapeutic strategies mainly involve surgery and chemoradiotherapy; however, novel antitumor compounds are needed to avoid drug resistance in CRC, as well as the severe side effects of current treatments. In this study, we investigated the anticancer effects and underlying mechanisms of Arylquin 1 in CRC. The MTT assay was used to detect the viability of SW620 and HCT116 cancer cells treated with Arylquin 1 in a dose-dependent manner in vitro. Further, wound-healing and transwell migration assays were used to evaluate the migration and invasion abilities of cultured cells, and Annexin V was used to detect apoptotic cells. Additionally, Western blot was used to identify the expression levels of N-cadherin, caspase-3, cyclin D1, p-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p-c-JUN N-terminal kinase (JNK), and phospho-p38, related to key signaling proteins, after administration of Arylquin 1. Xenograft experiments further confirmed the effects of Arylquin 1 on CRC cells in vivo. Arylquin 1 exhibited a dose-dependent reduction in cell viability in cultured CRC cells. It also inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and induced apoptosis. Mechanistic analysis demonstrated that Arylquin 1 increased phosphorylation levels of ERK, JNK, and p38. In a mouse xenograft model, Arylquin 1 treatment diminished the growth of colon tumors after injection of cultured cancer cells. Arylquin 1 may have potential anticancer effects and translational significance in the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ting Chen
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (Y.-T.C.); (T.-T.T.)
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ting Tseng
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (Y.-T.C.); (T.-T.T.)
| | - Hung-Pei Tsai
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
| | - Ming-Yii Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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6
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Becker AE, Wu PK, Park JI. eIF5A-Independent Role of DHPS in p21 CIP1 and Cell Fate Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13187. [PMID: 34947982 PMCID: PMC8707118 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Deoxyhypusine synthase (DHPS) catalyzes the first step of hypusination of the elongation translation factor 5A (eIF5A), and these two proteins have an exclusive enzyme-substrate relationship. Here we demonstrate that DHPS has a role independent of eIF5A hypusination in A375 and SK-MEL-28 human melanoma cells, in which the extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) pathway is deregulated. We found that RNA interference of DHPS induces G0/G1 cell cycle arrest in association with increased p21CIP1 expression in these cells whereas eIF5A knockdown induces cell death without increasing p21CIP1 expression. Interestingly, p21CIP1 knockdown switched DHPS knockdown-induced growth arrest to cell death in these cells, suggesting a specific relation between DHPS and p21CIP1 in determining cell fate. Surprisingly, ectopic expression of DHPS-K329R mutant that cannot hypusinate eIF5A abrogated DHPS knockdown-induced p21CIP1 expression in these cells, suggesting a non-canonical role of DHPS underlying the contrasting effects of DHPS and eIF5A knockdowns. We also show that DHPS knockdown induces p21CIP1 expression in these cells by increasing CDKN1A transcription through TP53 and SP1 in an ERK1/2-dependent manner. These data suggest that DHPS has a role independent of its ability to hypusinate eIF5A in cells, which appears to be important for regulating p21CIP1 expression and cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jong-In Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (A.E.B.); (P.-K.W.)
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7
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Begum R, Howlader S, Mamun-Or-Rashid ANM, Rafiquzzaman SM, Ashraf GM, Albadrani GM, Sayed AA, Peluso I, Abdel-Daim MM, Uddin MS. Antioxidant and Signal-Modulating Effects of Brown Seaweed-Derived Compounds against Oxidative Stress-Associated Pathology. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:9974890. [PMID: 34336128 PMCID: PMC8289617 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9974890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The biological and therapeutic properties of seaweeds have already been well known. Several studies showed that among the various natural marine sources of antioxidants, seaweeds have become a potential source of antioxidants because of their bioactive compounds. Most of the metabolic diseases are caused by oxidative stress. It is very well known that antioxidants have a pivotal role in the treatment of those diseases. Recent researches have revealed the potential activity of seaweeds as complementary medicine, which have therapeutic properties for health and disease management. Among the seaweeds, brown seaweeds (Phaeophyta) and their derived bioactive substances showed excellent antioxidant properties than other seaweeds. This review focuses on brown seaweeds and their derived major bioactive compounds such as sulfated polysaccharide, polyphenol, carotenoid, and sterol antioxidant effects and molecular mechanisms in the case of the oxidative stress-originated disease. Antioxidants have a potential role in the modification of stress-induced signaling pathways along with the activation of the oxidative defensive pathways. This review would help to provide the basis for further studies to researchers on the potential antioxidant role in the field of medical health care and future drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahima Begum
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do, 26426, Republic of Korea
| | - Saurav Howlader
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaco Genomics Research Centre (PGRC), Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - A. N. M. Mamun-Or-Rashid
- Anti-Aging Medical Research Center and Glycative Stress Research Center, Graduate School of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, 1-3 Tatara Miyakodani, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan
| | - S. M. Rafiquzzaman
- Department of Fisheries Biology & Aquatic Environment, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghadeer M. Albadrani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11474, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amany A. Sayed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Ilaria Peluso
- Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA-AN), 00142 Rome, Italy
| | - Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Md. Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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8
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Jiang H, Tang J, Qiu L, Zhang Z, Shi S, Xue L, Kui L, Huang T, Nan W, Zhou B, Zhao C, Yu M, Sun Q. Semaphorin 4D is a potential biomarker in pediatric leukemia and promotes leukemogenesis by activating PI3K/AKT and ERK signaling pathways. Oncol Rep 2021. [PMID: 33649851 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.8021/html] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Semaphorin 4D (Sema4D) is highly expressed in a variety of tumors and is associated with high invasion, poor prognosis and poor therapeutic response. However, the expression and role of Sema4D in leukemia remains unclear. The present study investigated the expression of Sema4D in pediatric leukemia and its effects in leukemia cells. The results demonstrated that Sema4D protein was highly expressed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with pediatric leukemia, and high levels of soluble Sema4D were also observed in the plasma of these patients. Sema4D knockdown induced cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase, inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis in BALL‑1 cells, while Sema4D overexpression exhibited the opposite effect. In Jurkat cells, Sema4D knockdown inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis, while Sema4D overexpression decreased the abundance of the cells in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle and promoted proliferation. Sema4D overexpression also increased the migratory capacity of Jurkat cells and the invasive capacity of BALL‑1 cells. The phosphorylation level of PI3K was decreased in both Sema4D knocked‑down Jurkat and BALL‑1 cells, and the phosphorylation level of ERK was decreased in Sema4D knocked‑down BALL‑1 cells. The phosphorylation levels of PI3K, ERK and AKT were elevated in patients with pediatric leukemia, and were correlated to the increased Sema4D expression. Sema4D overexpression was associated with a shorter overall survival in patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Overall, the results of the present study indicated that Sema4D serves an important role in leukemia development by activating PI3K/AKT and ERK signaling, and it may be used as a potential target for the diagnosis and treatment of leukemia.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Antigens, CD/biosynthesis
- Antigens, CD/blood
- Biomarkers, Tumor/biosynthesis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/blood
- Case-Control Studies
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/physiology
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Female
- Humans
- Infant
- Jurkat Cells
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/blood
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism
- MAP Kinase Signaling System
- Male
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism
- Phosphorylation
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/blood
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/metabolism
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/pathology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Semaphorins/biosynthesis
- Semaphorins/blood
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchao Jiang
- Institute of Pediatrics, The Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan 650228, P.R. China
| | - Jiaolian Tang
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650228, P.R. China
| | - Lijuan Qiu
- Institute of Pediatrics, The Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan 650228, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Institute of Pediatrics, The Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan 650228, P.R. China
| | - Shulan Shi
- Institute of Pediatrics, The Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan 650228, P.R. China
| | - Li Xue
- Institute of Medicine, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan 671000, P.R. China
| | - Liyue Kui
- Institute of Pediatrics, The Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan 650228, P.R. China
| | - Tilong Huang
- Institute of Pediatrics, The Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan 650228, P.R. China
| | - Weiwei Nan
- Institute of Medicine, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan 671000, P.R. China
| | - Bailing Zhou
- Institute of Pediatrics, The Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan 650228, P.R. China
| | - Canchun Zhao
- Institute of Pediatrics, The Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan 650228, P.R. China
| | - Ming Yu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Qiangming Sun
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, P.R. China
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9
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Jiang H, Tang J, Qiu L, Zhang Z, Shi S, Xue L, Kui L, Huang T, Nan W, Zhou B, Zhao C, Yu M, Sun Q. Semaphorin 4D is a potential biomarker in pediatric leukemia and promotes leukemogenesis by activating PI3K/AKT and ERK signaling pathways. Oncol Rep 2021; 45:1. [PMID: 33649851 PMCID: PMC7877000 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.7952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Semaphorin 4D (Sema4D) is highly expressed in a variety of tumors and is associated with high invasion, poor prognosis and poor therapeutic response. However, the expression and role of Sema4D in leukemia remains unclear. The present study investigated the expression of Sema4D in pediatric leukemia and its effects in leukemia cells. The results demonstrated that Sema4D protein was highly expressed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with pediatric leukemia, and high levels of soluble Sema4D were also observed in the plasma of these patients. Sema4D knockdown induced cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase, inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis in BALL-1 cells, while Sema4D overexpression exhibited the opposite effect. In Jurkat cells, Sema4D knockdown inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis, while Sema4D overexpression decreased the abundance of the cells in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle and promoted proliferation. Sema4D overexpression also increased the migratory capacity of Jurkat cells and the invasive capacity of BALL-1 cells. The phosphorylation level of PI3K was decreased in both Sema4D knocked-down Jurkat and BALL-1 cells, and the phosphorylation level of ERK was decreased in Sema4D knocked-down BALL-1 cells. The phosphorylation levels of PI3K, ERK and AKT were elevated in patients with pediatric leukemia, and were correlated to the increased Sema4D expression. Sema4D overexpression was associated with a shorter overall survival in patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Overall, the results of the present study indicated that Sema4D serves an important role in leukemia development by activating PI3K/AKT and ERK signaling, and it may be used as a potential target for the diagnosis and treatment of leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchao Jiang
- Institute of Pediatrics, The Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan 650228, P.R. China
| | - Jiaolian Tang
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650228, P.R. China
| | - Lijuan Qiu
- Institute of Pediatrics, The Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan 650228, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Institute of Pediatrics, The Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan 650228, P.R. China
| | - Shulan Shi
- Institute of Pediatrics, The Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan 650228, P.R. China
| | - Li Xue
- Institute of Medicine, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan 671000, P.R. China
| | - Liyue Kui
- Institute of Pediatrics, The Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan 650228, P.R. China
| | - Tilong Huang
- Institute of Pediatrics, The Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan 650228, P.R. China
| | - Weiwei Nan
- Institute of Medicine, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan 671000, P.R. China
| | - Bailing Zhou
- Institute of Pediatrics, The Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan 650228, P.R. China
| | - Canchun Zhao
- Institute of Pediatrics, The Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan 650228, P.R. China
| | - Ming Yu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Qiangming Sun
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, P.R. China
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10
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Exploration in the mechanism of fucosterol for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer based on network pharmacology and molecular docking. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4901. [PMID: 33649481 PMCID: PMC7921686 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84380-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucosterol, a sterol isolated from brown algae, has been demonstrated to have anti-cancer properties. However, the effects and underlying molecular mechanism of fucosterol on non-small cell lung cancer remain to be elucidated. In this study, the corresponding targets of fucosterol were obtained from PharmMapper, and NSCLC related targets were gathered from the GeneCards database, and the candidate targets of fucosterol-treated NSCLC were predicted. The mechanism of fucosterol against NSCLC was identified in DAVID6.8 by enrichment analysis of GO and KEGG, and protein–protein interaction data were collected from STRING database. The hub gene GRB2 was further screened out and verified by molecular docking. Moreover, the relationship of GRB2 expression and immune infiltrates were analyzed by the TIMER database. The results of network pharmacology suggest that fucosterol acts against candidate targets, such as MAPK1, EGFR, GRB2, IGF2, MAPK8, and SRC, which regulate biological processes including negative regulation of the apoptotic process, peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation, positive regulation of cell proliferation. The Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway initiated by GRB2 showed to be significant in treating NSCLC. In conclusion, our study indicates that fucosterol may suppress NSCLC progression by targeting GRB2 activated the Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway, which laying a theoretical foundation for further research and providing scientific support for the development of new drugs.
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11
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Du J, Dong Z, Tan L, Tan M, Zhang F, Zhang K, Pan G, Li C, Shi S, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Cui H. Tubeimoside I Inhibits Cell Proliferation and Induces a Partly Disrupted and Cytoprotective Autophagy Through Rapidly Hyperactivation of MEK1/2-ERK1/2 Cascade via Promoting PTP1B in Melanoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:607757. [PMID: 33392197 PMCID: PMC7773826 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.607757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tubeimoside I (TBMS1), also referred to as tubeimoside A, is a natural compound extracted from the plant Tu Bei Mu (Bolbostemma paniculatum), which is a traditional Chinese herb used to treat multiple diseases for more than 1,000 years. Studies in recent years reported its anti-tumor activity in several cancers. However, whether it is effective in melanoma remains unknown. In the current study, we discovered that TBMS1 treatment inhibited melanoma cell proliferation in vitro and tumorigenecity in vivo. Besides, we also observed that TBMS1 treatment induced a partly disrupted autophagy, which still remained a protective role, disruption of which by chloroquine (CQ) or 3-methyladenine (3-MA) enhanced TBMS1-induced cell proliferation inhibition. CQ combined with TBMS1 even induced cellular apoptosis. BRAF(V600E) mutation and its continuously activated downstream MEK1/2-ERK1/2 cascade are found in 50% of melanomas and are important for malanomagenesis. However, hyperactivating MEK1/2-ERK1/2 cascade can also inhibit tumor growth. Intriguingly, we observed that TBMS1 rapidly hyperactivated MEK1/2-ERK1/2, inhibition of which by its inhibitor SL-327 rescued the anti-cancerous effects of TBMS1. Besides, the targets of TBMS1 were predicted by the ZINC Database based on its structure. It is revealed that protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) might be one of the targets of TBMS1. Inhibition of PTP1B by its selective inhibitor TCS401 or shRNA rescued the anti-cancerous effects of TBMS1 in melanoma cells. These results indicated that TBMS1 might activate PTP1B, which further hyperactivates MEK1/2-ERK1/2 cascade, thereby inhibiting cell proliferation in melanoma. Our results provided the potentiality of TBMS1 as a drug candidate for melanoma therapy and confirmed that rapidly hyperactivating an oncogenic signaling pathway may also be a promising strategy for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Du
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, College of Sericulture and Textile and Biomass, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhen Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, College of Sericulture and Textile and Biomass, Chongqing, China.,Cancer Center, Reproductive Medicine Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health (Chongqing Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health, Chongqing Population and Family Planning Science and Technology Research Institute), Chongqing, China
| | - Li Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, College of Sericulture and Textile and Biomass, Chongqing, China.,Cancer Center, Reproductive Medicine Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mengqin Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, College of Sericulture and Textile and Biomass, Chongqing, China.,Cancer Center, Reproductive Medicine Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Kui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, College of Sericulture and Textile and Biomass, Chongqing, China.,Cancer Center, Reproductive Medicine Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guangzhao Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, College of Sericulture and Textile and Biomass, Chongqing, China.,Cancer Center, Reproductive Medicine Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chongyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, College of Sericulture and Textile and Biomass, Chongqing, China.,Cancer Center, Reproductive Medicine Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shaomin Shi
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, College of Sericulture and Textile and Biomass, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, College of Sericulture and Textile and Biomass, Chongqing, China
| | - Yaling Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hongjuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, College of Sericulture and Textile and Biomass, Chongqing, China.,Cancer Center, Reproductive Medicine Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health (Chongqing Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health, Chongqing Population and Family Planning Science and Technology Research Institute), Chongqing, China
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12
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Wu PK, Becker A, Park JI. Growth Inhibitory Signaling of the Raf/MEK/ERK Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155436. [PMID: 32751750 PMCID: PMC7432891 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to extracellular stimuli, the Raf/MEK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway regulates diverse cellular processes. While mainly known as a mitogenic signaling pathway, the Raf/MEK/ERK pathway can mediate not only cell proliferation and survival but also cell cycle arrest and death in different cell types. Growing evidence suggests that the cell fate toward these paradoxical physiological outputs may be determined not only at downstream effector levels but also at the pathway level, which involves the magnitude of pathway activity, spatial-temporal regulation, and non-canonical functions of the molecular switches in this pathway. This review discusses recent updates on the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathway-mediated growth inhibitory signaling, with a major focus on the regulation mediated at the pathway level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pui-Kei Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA;
- Correspondence: (P.-K.W.); (J.-I.P.)
| | - Andrew Becker
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA;
| | - Jong-In Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA;
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Correspondence: (P.-K.W.); (J.-I.P.)
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13
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Zbakh H, Zubía E, De Los Reyes C, Calderón-Montaño JM, Motilva V. Anticancer Activities of Meroterpenoids Isolated from the Brown Alga Cystoseira usneoides against the Human Colon Cancer Cells HT-29. Foods 2020; 9:foods9030300. [PMID: 32155797 PMCID: PMC7143549 DOI: 10.3390/foods9030300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common types of cancers and a leading cause of cancer death worldwide. The current treatment for CRC mainly involves surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. However, due to the side effects and the emergence of drug resistance, the search for new anticancer agents, pharmacologically safe and effective, is needed. In the present study, we have investigated the anticancer effects of eight algal meroterpenoids (AMTs, 1-8) isolated from the brown seaweed Cystoseira usneoides and their underlying mechanisms of action using HT-29, a highly metastatic human colon cancer cell line. All the tested meroterpenoids inhibited the growth of HT-29 malignant cells and were less toxic towards non-cancer colon cells, with the AMTs 1 and 5 exhibiting selectivity indexes of 5.26 and 5.23, respectively. Treatment of HT-29 cells with the AMTs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7 induced cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase and, in some instances, apoptosis (compounds 2, 3, and 5). Compounds 1-8 also exhibited significant inhibitory effects on the migration and/or invasion of colon cancer cells. Mechanistic analysis demonstrated that the AMTs 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, and 8 reduced phosphorylation levels of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and the AMTs 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, and 8 decreased phosphorylation of c-JUN N-terminal kinase (JNK). Moreover, the AMTs 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, and 8 inhibited phosphorylation levels of protein kinase B (AKT) in colon carcinoma cells. These results provide new insights into the mechanisms and functions of the meroterpenoids of C. usneoides, which exhibit an anticancer effect on HT-29 colon cancer cells by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis via the downregulation of ERK/JNK/AKT signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanaa Zbakh
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain; (H.Z.); (J.M.C.-M.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Abdelmalek Essaâdi, Tetouan 93000, Morocco
| | - Eva Zubía
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11510 Puerto Real (Cádiz), Spain; (E.Z.); (C.D.L.R.)
| | - Carolina De Los Reyes
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11510 Puerto Real (Cádiz), Spain; (E.Z.); (C.D.L.R.)
| | - José M. Calderón-Montaño
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain; (H.Z.); (J.M.C.-M.)
| | - Virginia Motilva
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain; (H.Z.); (J.M.C.-M.)
- Correspondence:
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14
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Wang L, Zhao D, Qin K, Rehman FUL, Zhang X. Effect and biomarker of Nivolumab for non–small-cell lung cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 117:109199. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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15
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Mao Z, Shen X, Dong P, Liu G, Pan S, Sun X, Hu H, Pan L, Huang J. Fucosterol exerts antiproliferative effects on human lung cancer cells by inducing apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and targeting of Raf/MEK/ERK signalling pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 61:152809. [PMID: 31035050 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phytochemicals have attained tremendous attention as the chemo-preventive and chemotheruptic agents. Fucosterol is a phytosterol that in prevalently found in marine algae and many other plant species. Previous studies have indicated the potential of fucosterol as an anticancer agent. However, the information on the anticancer activity of fucosterol against lung cancer as well as several other types of cancers is scantly. PURPOSE The present study was designed to investigate the anticancer activity of fucosterol against a panel of lung cancer cell lines. METHODS MTT and colony formation assays were used to determine the cell viability. DAPI and annexin V/PI staining assays were used for the detection of apoptosis. Cell cycle analysis was performed by flow cytometery. Boyden chamber assay was used to monitor cell migration and western blot analysis was used to determine the protein expression. In vivo evaluation was carried out in xenografted mice models. RESULTS The results indicated that fucosterol inhibits the growth of the lung cancer cell lines. However, the anticancer effects were more profound against the A549 and SK-LU-1 cancer cells (IC50, 15 µM). In contrast, the anticancer effects of fucosterol on the non-cancerous lung cell lines were minimal. Further investigation revealed that the anticancer effects of fucosterol on the A549 and SK-LU-1 cells are due to the induction of apoptosis. Fucosterol significantly enhanced the expression of Bax and cleaved caspase-3 which was concomitant with decline in the expression of Bcl-2. Fucosterol also triggered G2/M cell cycle arrest of the A549 and SK-LU-1 cells which was associated with decrease in the expression of Cdc2, Cyclin A, Cyclin B1 and upregulation of the negative regulators of cell cycle progression (p21Cip1, and p27Kip1). Moreover, fucosterol could also inhibit the invasion of A549 and SK-LU-1 cells. Finally fucosterol could also inhibit the growth of xenografted tumours in mice. CONCLUSION Taken together, fucosterol inhibits the growth of lung cancer cells and may prove to be a lead molecule for the treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangfan Mao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, China.
| | - Xiaoling Shen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, China
| | - Ping Dong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, China
| | - Gaoli Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, China
| | - Shize Pan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, China
| | - Xiangran Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, China
| | - Haifeng Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, China
| | - Li Pan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, China.
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16
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Shao GL, Wang MC, Fan XL, Zhong L, Ji SF, Sang G, Wang S. Correlation Between Raf/MEK/ERK Signaling Pathway and Clinicopathological Features and Prognosis for Patients With Breast Cancer Having Axillary Lymph Node Metastasis. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2019. [PMID: 29529946 PMCID: PMC5858680 DOI: 10.1177/1533034617754024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aims to investigate the correlations between rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma/mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling pathway and clinicopathological features and prognosis for patients with breast cancer having axillary lymph node metastasis. Methods: A total of 118 breast cancer tissues with axillary lymph node metastasis (axillary lymph node metastasis group), 150 breast cancer tissues with non-axillary lymph node metastasis (non-axillary lymph node metastasis group), and 216 normal breast tissues (normal group) were enrolled in this study. The messenger RNA and protein expressions of rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma, MEK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and their phosphorylated (p-) proteins were examined by reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry, respectively. All patients received a 1-year follow-up, and the clinical follow-up data were collected. The multiple factors on the prognosis of patients with breast cancer having axillary lymph node metastasis were tested by Cox regression analysis. Results: The messenger RNA expressions of rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma, MEK, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase and positive rates of rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma, MEK, phosphorylated MEK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and p-extracellular signal-regulated kinase in the axillary lymph node metastasis group were higher than in the non-axillary lymph node metastasis and normal groups (all P < .05). The protein expressions of rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma, MEK, phosphorylated MEK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and p-extracellular signal-regulated kinase were associated with tumor size, clinical stage, and axillary lymph node metastasis number (all P < .05). Rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma, MEK, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase expressions were significantly correlated with the prognosis of patients with breast cancer (all P < .05). Patients with BC having positive rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma, MEK, phosphorylated MEK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and phosphorylated ERK expressions had a higher survival rate than patients with BC having the negative ones (all P < .05). Rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma and extracellular signal-regulated kinase protein expressions, clinical stage, pathological grade, and axillary lymph node metastasis number were independent prognostic factors in patients with breast cancer having axillary lymph node metastasis (all P < .05). Conclusion: Our study proved that rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma/MEK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling pathway is significantly correlated with the clinicopathological features and prognosis for patients with BC having axillary lymph node metastasis. Rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma and extracellular signal-regulated kinase protein expressions are independent prognostic factors for patients with breast cancer having axillary lymph node metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Li Shao
- 1 Special Medical Service Center, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meng-Chuan Wang
- 2 Department of General Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu-Long Fan
- 3 Department of Breast Surgery, Foshan Women and Children Hospital, Foshan, China
| | - Lin Zhong
- 1 Special Medical Service Center, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shu-Feng Ji
- 1 Special Medical Service Center, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guo Sang
- 1 Special Medical Service Center, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shui Wang
- 1 Special Medical Service Center, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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17
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Tan Y, Liu L. Prediction of pivotal pathways and hub genes associated with osteoporosis by Gibbs sampling. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:2107-2112. [PMID: 30867698 PMCID: PMC6395965 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) is a common metabolic bone disease with high incidence, and is recognized as a major public health problem worldwide. It is essential to clarify the pathogenesis of the disease for improving the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of OP. The aim of this study was to clarify the pivotal pathways and hub genes in OP using Gibbs sampling. The gene expression profile datasets were obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The pathways were enriched by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) with genes intersection ≥5 based on gene expression profile data. Then, the acquired pathways were converted into Markov chains (MC). Gibbs sampling was conducted to obtain a new MC. In addition, the average probabilities of each pathway in two states containing human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) _middle-aged and hMSC_elderly were calculated through Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm. Moreover, gene expression variation was taken into account to adjust the probability. Pivotal pathways were identified under adjusted posterior value >0.8. Then, Gibbs sampling was implemented to find hub genes from pathways. There were 280 pathways determined by the gene intersection ≥5. Gibbs sampling identified two disturbed pathways (pathways in cancer and influenza A) and two hub genes (cyclin A1 and WNT2) under the adjusted probability >0.8. Gene expression analysis showed that all the disturbed pathways and hub genes had increased expression levels in hMSC_middle-aged samples compared with hMSC_elderly samples. We identified two pivotal pathways and two hub genes in OP using Gibbs sampling. The results contribute to the understanding of underlying pathogenesis and could be considered as potential biomarkers for the therapy of OP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyun Tan
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Changsha Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Changsha Eighth Hospital), Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Pain, Qianfo Shan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
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18
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Metformin Promotes Neuronal Differentiation via Crosstalk between Cdk5 and Sox6 in Neuroblastoma Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:1765182. [PMID: 30911317 PMCID: PMC6399528 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1765182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Metformin has recently emerged as a key player in promotion of neuroblastoma differentiation and neurite outgrowth. However, molecular mechanisms of how metformin promotes cellular differentiation have not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated how metformin promotes cell differentiation, via an inhibition of cell proliferation, by culturing SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells with or without metformin. Pretreatment with reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger, NAC, revealed that ROS plays a crucial role in induction of cell differentiation. Cell differentiation was observed under various morphological criteria: extension of neuritic processes and neuronal differentiation markers. Treatment with metformin significantly increased neurite length, number of cells with neurite, and expression of neuronal differentiation markers, β-tubulin III and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) compared with untreated control. Further investigation found that metformin significantly decreased Cdk5 but increased Sox6 during cell differentiation. Analysis of the mechanism underlying these changes using Cdk5 inhibitor, roscovitine, indicated that expressions of Cdk5 and Sox6 corresponded to metformin treatment. These results suggested that metformin produces neuronal differentiation via Cdk5 and Sox6. In addition, phosphorylated Erk1/2 was decreased while phosphorylated Akt was increased in metformin treatment. Taken together, these findings suggest that metformin promotes neuronal differentiation via ROS activation through Cdk5/Sox6 crosstalk, relating to Erk1/2 and Akt signaling.
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19
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Jung YY, Hwang ST, Sethi G, Fan L, Arfuso F, Ahn KS. Potential Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Cancer Properties of Farnesol. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23112827. [PMID: 30384444 PMCID: PMC6278318 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Farnesol, an acyclic sesquiterpene alcohol, is predominantly found in essential oils of various plants in nature. It has been reported to exhibit anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory effects, and also alleviate allergic asthma, gliosis, and edema. In numerous tumor cell lines, farnesol can modulate various tumorigenic proteins and/or modulates diverse signal transduction cascades. It can also induce apoptosis and downregulate cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and cell survival. To exert its anti-inflammatory/anti-oncogenic effects, farnesol can modulate Ras protein and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells activation to downregulate the expression of various inflammatory mediators such as cyclooxygenase-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleukin-6. In this review, we describe the potential mechanisms of action underlying the therapeutic effects of farnesol against cancers and inflammatory disorders. Furthermore, these findings support the clinical development of farnesol as a potential pharmacological agent in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Yun Jung
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Sun Tae Hwang
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore.
| | - Lu Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore.
| | - Frank Arfuso
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
- Department of Korean Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
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Pushkarev VM, Guda BB, Pushkarev VV, Tronko ND. Oncogene toxicity in thyroid carcinomas and other types of tumors. CYTOL GENET+ 2018. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452718010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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Saby C, Buache E, Brassart-Pasco S, El Btaouri H, Courageot MP, Van Gulick L, Garnotel R, Jeannesson P, Morjani H. Type I collagen aging impairs discoidin domain receptor 2-mediated tumor cell growth suppression. Oncotarget 2018; 7:24908-27. [PMID: 27121132 PMCID: PMC5041879 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells are confronted to a type I collagen rich environment which regulates cell proliferation and invasion. Biological aging has been associated with structural changes of type I collagen. Here, we address the effect of collagen aging on cell proliferation in a three-dimensional context (3D). We provide evidence for an inhibitory effect of adult collagen, but not of the old one, on proliferation of human fibrosarcoma HT-1080 cells. This effect involves both the activation of the tyrosine kinase Discoidin Domain Receptor 2 (DDR2) and the tyrosine phosphatase SHP-2. DDR2 and SHP-2 were less activated in old collagen. DDR2 inhibition decreased SHP-2 phosphorylation in adult collagen and increased cell proliferation to a level similar to that observed in old collagen. In the presence of old collagen, a high level of JAK2 and ERK1/2 phosphorylation was observed while expression of the cell cycle negative regulator p21CIP1 was decreased. Inhibition of DDR2 kinase function also led to an increase in ERK1/2 phosphorylation and a decrease in p21CIP1 expression. Similar signaling profile was observed when DDR2 was inhibited in adult collagen. Altogether, these data suggest that biological collagen aging could increase tumor cell proliferation by reducingthe activation of the key matrix sensor DDR2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Saby
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Unité de Formation et de Recherche (UFR) Pharmacie, Reims, France
| | - Emilie Buache
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Unité de Formation et de Recherche (UFR) Pharmacie, Reims, France
| | - Sylvie Brassart-Pasco
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Unité de Formation et de Recherche (UFR) Médecine, Reims, France
| | - Hassan El Btaouri
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Unité de Formation et de Recherche (UFR) Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Reims, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Courageot
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Unité de Formation et de Recherche (UFR) Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Reims, France
| | - Laurence Van Gulick
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Unité de Formation et de Recherche (UFR) Pharmacie, Reims, France
| | - Roselyne Garnotel
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Unité de Formation et de Recherche (UFR) Médecine, Reims, France
| | - Pierre Jeannesson
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Unité de Formation et de Recherche (UFR) Pharmacie, Reims, France
| | - Hamid Morjani
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Unité de Formation et de Recherche (UFR) Pharmacie, Reims, France
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Wu J, Shi Y, Asweto CO, Feng L, Yang X, Zhang Y, Hu H, Duan J, Sun Z. Fine particle matters induce DNA damage and G2/M cell cycle arrest in human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:25071-25081. [PMID: 28921051 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0090-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
There is compelling evidence that exposure to particulate matter (PM) is linked to lung tumorigenesis. However, there is not enough experimental evidence to support the specific mechanisms of PM2.5-induced DNA damage and cell cycle arrest in lung tumorigenesis. In this study, we investigated the toxic effects and molecular mechanisms of PM2.5 on bronchial epithelial (BEAS-2B) cells. PM2.5 exposure reduced cell viability and enhanced LDH activity. The cell growth curves of BEAS-2B cells decreased gradually with the increase in PM2.5 dosage. A significant increase in MDA content and a decrease in GSH-Px activity were observed. The generation of ROS was enhanced obviously, while apoptosis increased in BEAS-2B cells exposed to PM2.5 for 24 h. DNA damage was found to be more severe in the exposed groups compared with the control. For in-depth study, we have demonstrated that PM2.5 stimulated the activation of HER2/ErbB2 while significantly upregulating the expression of Ras/GADPH, p-BRAF/BRAF, p-MEK/MEK, p-ERK/ERK, and c-Myc/GADPH in a dose-dependent manner. In summary, we suggested that exposure to PM2.5 sustained the activation of HER2/ErbB2, which in turn promoted the activation of the Ras/Raf/MAPK pathway and the expression of the downstream target c-Myc. The overexpression of c-Myc may lead to G2/M arrest and aggravate the DNA damage and apoptosis in BEAS-2B after exposure to PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfeng Shi
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Collins Otieno Asweto
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Feng
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaozhe Yang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Yannan Zhang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Hejing Hu
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Junchao Duan
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China.
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23
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Hong SK, Wu PK, Park JI. A cellular threshold for active ERK1/2 levels determines Raf/MEK/ERK-mediated growth arrest versus death responses. Cell Signal 2017; 42:11-20. [PMID: 28986121 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In addition to its conventional role for cell proliferation and survival, the Raf/MEK/Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway can also induce growth arrest and death responses, if aberrantly activated. Here, we determined a molecular basis of ERK1/2 signaling that underlies these growth inhibitory physiological outputs. We found that overexpression of ERK1 or ERK2 switches ΔRaf-1:ER-induced growth arrest responses to caspase-dependent apoptotic death responses in different cell types. These death responses, however, were reverted to growth arrest responses upon titration of cellular phospho-ERK1/2 levels by the MEK1/2 inhibitor AZD6244. These data suggest that a cellular threshold for active ERK1/2 levels exists and affects the cell fate between death and growth arrest. We also found that death-mediating ability of ERK2 is abolished by the catalytic site-disabling Lys52Arg replacement or significantly attenuated by the F-site recruitment site-disabling Tyr261Asn replacement, although unaffected by the mutations that disable the common docking groove or the dimerization interface. Therefore, ERK1/2 mediates death signaling dependently of kinase activity and specific physical interactions. Intriguingly, Tyr261Asn-replaced ERK2 could still mediate growth arrest signaling, further contrasting the molecular basis of ERK1/2-mediated growth arrest and death signaling. These data reveal a mechanism underlying the role of ERK1/2 as a focal point of Raf/MEK/ERK-mediated growth arrest and death signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Keun Hong
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Pui-Kei Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Jong-In Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
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Steady-State Levels of Phosphorylated Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase 1/2 Determined by Mortalin/HSPA9 and Protein Phosphatase 1 Alpha in KRAS and BRAF Tumor Cells. Mol Cell Biol 2017; 37:MCB.00061-17. [PMID: 28674184 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00061-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Although deregulation of MEK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activity is a key feature in cancer, high-magnitude MEK/ERK activity can paradoxically induce growth inhibition. Therefore, additional mechanisms may exist to modulate MEK/ERK activity in favor of tumor cell proliferation. We previously reported that mortalin/HSPA9 can facilitate proliferation of certain KRAS and BRAF tumor cells by modulating MEK/ERK activity. In this study, we demonstrated that mortalin can regulate MEK/ERK activity via protein phosphatase 1α (PP1α). We found that PP1α inhibition increases steady-state levels of phosphorylated MEK1/2 in various tumor cells expressing B-RafV600E or K-RasG12C/D Intriguingly, coimmunoprecipitation and in vitro binding assays revealed that mortalin facilitates PP1α-mediated MEK1/2 dephosphorylation by promoting PP1α-MEK1/2 interaction in an ATP-sensitive manner. The region spanning Val482 to Glu491 in the substrate-binding cavity and the substrate lid of mortalin were necessary for these physical interactions, which is consistent with conventional heat shock protein 70 (HSP70)-client interaction mechanisms. Nevertheless, mortalin depletion did not affect cellular PP1α levels or its regulatory phosphorylation, suggesting a nonconventional role for mortalin in promoting PP1α-MEK1/2 interaction. Of note, PP1α was upregulated in human melanoma and pancreatic cancer biopsy specimens in correlation with mortalin upregulation. PP1α may therefore have a role in tumorigenesis in concert with mortalin, which affects MEK/ERK activity in tumor cells.
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Fusaric Acid immunotoxicity and MAPK activation in normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells and Thp-1 cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3051. [PMID: 28596589 PMCID: PMC5465181 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03183-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusaric acid (FA), a food-borne mycotoxin, is a potent divalent metal chelator. The human immune system is complex and susceptible to environmental insult however, the immunotoxity of FA remains unknown. We investigated the immunotoxicity of FA on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and Thp-1 cells. FA was cytotoxic to PBMCs (IC50-240.8 μg/ml) and Thp-1 (IC50-107.7 μg/ml) cells at 24 h. FA induced early apoptosis but significantly decreased caspase activity in PBMCs, a characteristic of paraptosis. In Thp-1 cells, FA induced apoptosis and increased caspase -9 and -3/7 activities. In PBMCs, FA maintained mitochondrial membrane potential and decreased protein expression of Bax whilst increasing expression of p-Bcl-2; FA induced oxidative stress and depleted ATP levels in both cell types. In Thp-1 cells, FA increased mitochondrial membrane depolarization and decreased p-Bcl-2 expression. In PBMCs, FA significantly up-regulated the MAPK protein expression of p-ERK and p-JNK but down-regulated p-p38 expression. In Thp-1 cells, FA up-regulated MAPK protein expression of p-ERK whilst p-JNK and p-p38 expression were down-regulated. In conclusion FA induced programmed cell death and altered MAPK signaling in healthy PBMCs and Thp-1 cells strongly suggesting a possible mechanism of FA induced immunotoxicity in vitro.
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26
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Wang J, Guo X, Xie C, Jiang J. KIF15 promotes pancreatic cancer proliferation via the MEK-ERK signalling pathway. Br J Cancer 2017; 117:245-255. [PMID: 28595260 PMCID: PMC5520515 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pancreatic cancer is highly malignant and characterised by rapid and uncontrolled growth. While some of the important regulatory networks involved in pancreatic cancer have been determined, the cancer relevant genes have not been fully identified. Methods: We screened genes that may control proliferation in pancreatic cancer in seven pairs of matched pancreatic cancer and normal pancreatic tissue samples. We examined KIF15 expression in pancreatic cancer tissues and the effect of KIF15 on cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. The mechanisms underlying KIF15 promotion of cell proliferation were investigated. Results: mRNA microarray and functional analysis identified 22 genes that potentially play an important role in the proliferation of pancreatic cancer. High-content siRNA screening evaluated whether silencing these 22 genes affected proliferation of pancreatic cancer. Notably, silencing KIF15 exhibited the most potent inhibition of proliferation compared with the rest of the 22 genes. KIF15 was upregulated in human pancreatic cancer tissues, and higher KIF15 expression levels correlated with shorter patient survival times. Upregulation KIF15 promoted pancreatic cancer growth. KIF15 upregulated cyclin D1, CDK2, and phospho-RB and also promoted G1/S transition in pancreatic cancer cells. KIF15 upregulation activated MEK–ERK signalling by increasing p-MEK and p-ERK levels. MEK–ERK inhibitors successfully inhibited cell cycle progression, and PD98059 blocked KIF15-mediated pancreatic cancer proliferation in vivo and in vitro. Conclusions: This study identified KIF15 as a critical regulator that promotes pancreatic cancer proliferation, broadening our understanding of KIF15 function in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Department of Hepatic-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.,Department of Hepatic-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550000, China
| | - Xingjun Guo
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Chencheng Xie
- University of South Dakota, Sanford School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Vermillion, SD 57105, USA
| | - Jianxin Jiang
- Department of Hepatic-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive System Disease, Wuhan 430060, China
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Teoh WY, Wahab NA, Sim KS. Antiproliferation effect of guanosine on HCT 116 cells involves MAPK and AMPK pathways. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2017; 36:243-255. [PMID: 28323520 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2016.1268693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the mechanisms associated with the antiproliferation effect of guanosine on human colon carcinoma HCT 116 cells. In this study, guanosine induced more drastic cell cycle arrest effect than cell death effect on HCT 116 cells. The cell cycle arrest effect of guanosine on HCT 116 cells appeared to be associated with the increased activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) such as ERK1/2, p38 and JNK. The decrease of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation and cyclin D1 expression was also involved. Thus, the antiproliferation of colon cancer cells of guanosine could be mediated by the disruption of MAPK and AMPK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuen Yew Teoh
- a Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Norhanom Abdul Wahab
- b Biology Division , Centre for Foundation Studies in Science, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Kae Shin Sim
- a Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
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28
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Suppression of B-Raf(V600E) cancers by MAPK hyper-activation. Oncotarget 2017; 7:18694-704. [PMID: 26959890 PMCID: PMC4951321 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
B-Raf(V600E) activates MEK/MAPK signalling and acts as oncogenic driver of a variety of cancers, including melanoma, colorectal and papillary thyroid carcinoma. Specific B-Raf(V600E) kinase inhibitors (e.g., Vemurafenib) prove initial efficacy in melanoma followed shortly by acquired resistance, while failing in most other B-Raf(V600E) cancers due to primary resistance. Resistance is due to acquired mutations in the Ras/Raf/MEK/MAPK pathway and/or other oncogenic drivers that bypass B-Raf(V600E). Surprisingly, hyper-activation of MAPK by inhibiting its protein phosphatase 2A by a synthetic long-chain fatty acid analogue (MEDICA), results in oncogene-induced growth arrest and apoptosis of B-Raf(V600E) cancer cells. Growth arrest is accompanied by MAPK-mediated serine/threonine phosphorylation and suppression of a variety of oncogenic drivers that resist treatment by B-Raf(V600E) kinase inhibitors, including ErbB members, c-Met, IGFR, IRS, STAT3 and Akt. The combined activities of mutated B-Raf and MEDICA are required for generating hyper-activated MAPK, growth arrest and apoptosis, implying strict specificity for mutated B-Raf cancer cells.
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Ferreira PMP, Pessoa C. Molecular biology of human epidermal receptors, signaling pathways and targeted therapy against cancers: new evidences and old challenges. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902017000216076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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30
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Butyrate Inhibits Cancerous HCT116 Colon Cell Proliferation but to a Lesser Extent in Noncancerous NCM460 Colon Cells. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9010025. [PMID: 28045428 PMCID: PMC5295069 DOI: 10.3390/nu9010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Butyrate, an intestinal microbiota metabolite of dietary fiber, exhibits chemoprevention effects on colon cancer development. However, the mechanistic action of butyrate remains to be determined. We hypothesize that butyrate inhibits cancerous cell proliferation but to a lesser extent in noncancerous cells through regulating apoptosis and cellular-signaling pathways. We tested this hypothesis by exposing cancerous HCT116 or non-cancerous NCM460 colon cells to physiologically relevant doses of butyrate. Cellular responses to butyrate were characterized by Western analysis, fluorescent microscopy, acetylation, and DNA fragmentation analyses. Butyrate inhibited cell proliferation, and led to an induction of apoptosis, genomic DNA fragmentation in HCT116 cells, but to a lesser extent in NCM460 cells. Although butyrate increased H3 histone deacetylation and p21 tumor suppressor expression in both cell types, p21 protein level was greater with intense expression around the nuclei in HCT116 cells when compared with that in NCM460 cells. Furthermore, butyrate treatment increased the phosphorylation of extracellular-regulated kinase 1/2 (p-ERK1/2), a survival signal, in NCM460 cells while it decreased p-ERK1/2 in HCT116 cells. Taken together, the activation of survival signaling in NCM460 cells and apoptotic potential in HCT116 cells may confer the increased sensitivity of cancerous colon cells to butyrate in comparison with noncancerous colon cells.
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Conte A, Kisslinger A, Procaccini C, Paladino S, Oliviero O, de Amicis F, Faicchia D, Fasano D, Caputo M, Matarese G, Pierantoni GM, Tramontano D. Convergent Effects of Resveratrol and PYK2 on Prostate Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17091542. [PMID: 27649143 PMCID: PMC5037816 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17091542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol, a dietary polyphenol, is under consideration as chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agent for several diseases, including cancer. However, its mechanisms of action and its effects on non-tumor cells, fundamental to understand its real efficacy as chemopreventive agent, remain largely unknown. Proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (PYK2), a non-receptor tyrosine kinase acting as signaling mediator of different stimuli, behaves as tumor-suppressor in prostate. Since, PYK2 and RSV share several fields of interaction, including oxidative stress, we have investigated their functional relationship in human non-transformed prostate EPN cells and in their tumor-prone counterpart EPN-PKM, expressing a PYK2 dead-kinase mutant. We show that RSV has a strong biological activity in both cell lines, decreasing ROS production, inducing morphological changes and reversible growth arrest, and activating autophagy but not apoptosis. Interestingly, the PYK2 mutant increases basal ROS and autophagy levels, and modulates the intensity of RSV effects. In particular, the anti-oxidant effect of RSV is more potent in EPN than in EPN-PKM, whereas its anti-proliferative and pro-autophagic effects are more significant in EPN-PKM. Consistently, PYK2 depletion by RNAi replicates the effects of the PKM mutant. Taken together, our results reveal that PYK2 and RSV act on common cellular pathways and suggest that RSV effects on prostate cells may depend on mutational-state or expression levels of PYK2 that emerges as a possible mediator of RSV mechanisms of action. Moreover, the observation that resveratrol effects are reversible and not associated to apoptosis in tumor-prone EPN-PKM cells suggests caution for its use in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Conte
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy.
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Endocrinology, National Research Council of Italy, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Annamaria Kisslinger
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Endocrinology, National Research Council of Italy, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Claudio Procaccini
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Endocrinology, National Research Council of Italy, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Simona Paladino
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy.
- Centro di Ingegneria Genetica (CEINGE)-Biotecnologie Avanzate, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Olimpia Oliviero
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Francesca de Amicis
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy.
- Department of Pharmacy, Health Science and Nutrition, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy.
| | - Deriggio Faicchia
- Department of Medical and Translational Science, University Federico II of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Dominga Fasano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Marilena Caputo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Matarese
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Maria Pierantoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Donatella Tramontano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy.
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Guda BB, Pushkarev VV, Zhuravel OV, Kovalenko AY, Pushkarev VM, Taraschenko YM, Tronko MD. Protein kinase Akt activity in human thyroid tumors. UKRAINIAN BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2016; 88:90-5. [PMID: 29235817 DOI: 10.15407/ubj88.05.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the expression and activation of the main effector protein kinase of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase cascade (PI3K) – Akt in conventionally normal tissues, benign and highly differentiated (with and without metastases) human thyroid tumors. There was a difference in the Akt1 amount in tumor tissue compared with normal tissue in papillary carcinomas and tissue of multinodular goiter. Akt expression both in tumor and conventionally normal tissues of follicular adenoma was significantly lower than in follicular carcinoma. The lowest level of Akt expression was observed in tissues of multinodular goiter. Total activity of all three isoforms of Akt1/2/3 was lower in tumors compared to conventionally normal tissue. Thus, Akt activity (according to Thr308 phosphorylation) is not associated with proliferative processes in the tumor tissue of the thyroid. Apoptosis level detected in these tissues was not associated with the protein kinase activity either. Possible mechanisms of signaling cascade PI3K/Akt inhibition in thyroid tumors are discussed.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma, Follicular/enzymology
- Adenocarcinoma, Follicular/genetics
- Adenocarcinoma, Follicular/pathology
- Adenocarcinoma, Follicular/surgery
- Adenoma/enzymology
- Adenoma/genetics
- Adenoma/pathology
- Adenoma/surgery
- Apoptosis
- Carcinoma, Papillary/enzymology
- Carcinoma, Papillary/genetics
- Carcinoma, Papillary/pathology
- Carcinoma, Papillary/surgery
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Goiter, Nodular/enzymology
- Goiter, Nodular/genetics
- Goiter, Nodular/pathology
- Goiter, Nodular/surgery
- Humans
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/genetics
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism
- Phosphorylation
- Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1/genetics
- Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Thyroid Gland/enzymology
- Thyroid Gland/pathology
- Thyroid Gland/surgery
- Thyroid Neoplasms/enzymology
- Thyroid Neoplasms/genetics
- Thyroid Neoplasms/pathology
- Thyroid Neoplasms/surgery
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Yoon DS, Choi Y, Choi SM, Park KH, Lee JW. Different effects of resveratrol on early and late passage mesenchymal stem cells through β-catenin regulation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 467:1026-32. [PMID: 26456654 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Resveratrol is a sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) activator and can function as an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant factor. In mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), resveratrol enhances the proliferation and differentiation potential and has an anti-aging effect. However, contradictory effects of resveratrol on MSC cultures have been reported. In this study, we found that resveratrol had different effects on MSC cultures according to their cell passage and SIRT1 expression. Resveratrol enhanced the self-renewal potential and multipotency of early passage MSCs, but accelerated cellular senescence of late passage MSCs. In early passage MSCs expressing SIRT1, resveratrol decreased ERK and GSK-3β phosphorylation, suppressing β-catenin activity. In contrast, in late passage MSCs, which did not express SIRT1, resveratrol increased ERK and GSK-3β phosphorylation, activating β-catenin. We confirmed that SIRT1-deficient early passage MSCs treated with resveratrol lost their self-renewal potential and multipotency, and became senescent due to increased β-catenin activity. Sustained treatment with resveratrol at early passages maintained the self-renewal potential and multipotency of MSCs up to passage 10. Our findings suggest that resveratrol can be effectively applied to early passage MSC cultures, whereas parameters such as cell passage and SIRT1 expression must be taken into consideration before applying resveratrol to late passage MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Suk Yoon
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoorim Choi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seong Mi Choi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kwang Hwan Park
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin Woo Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Shengqiang L, Wenna L, Yachan L, Yunlong C, Shujiao C, Candong L. Effect of Chaihushugan San on expression of the Raf/mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway in the hippocampi of perimenopausal rats induced by immobilization stress. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2015; 35:445-52. [PMID: 26427116 DOI: 10.1016/s0254-6272(15)30123-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We wished to study the impact of Chaihushugan San (CSS) on the behavior of perimenopausal rats with liver-Qi stagnation (LQS) and to investigate the effect of CSS on signal transduction of the Raf/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK)/ extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) cascade in the hippocampi of rats induced by immobilization. METHODS Twenty 52-week-old female rats were divided into two groups by the random number table method: model control group (MCG) and CSS group (CSSG), with 10 rats in each group. Ten-week-old female rats were used as the normal control group (NCG). CSS effects were assessed using rats exposed to immobilization stress by measuring body weight and sucrose consumption, serum hormone levels, and observing performance in the open field test (OFT). Molecular mechanisms were examined by measuring the effect of CSS on expression of Raf1, MEK1/2 and ERK1/2 mRNA in hippocampi using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and by measuring levels of these proteins and related phospho-proteins using Western blotting. RESULTS Perimenopausal rats with LQS had decreased locomotor activity; reduced sucrose consumption; and increased serum levels of corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) and corticosterone (CORT). Activation of hippocampal Raf/MEK/ERK cascade was suppressed significantly in the MCG, and activation was increased after 21 days of CSS treatment. CONCLUSION CSS has significant effects upon relief of the symptoms of LQS in immobilization-induced rats. The mechanism underlying this action might (at least in part) be mediated by reversal of disruption of the Raf/MEK/ERK pathway.
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ERK1/2 can feedback-regulate cellular MEK1/2 levels. Cell Signal 2015; 27:1939-48. [PMID: 26163823 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Signal transduction of the Raf/MEK/ERK pathway is regulated by various feedback mechanisms. Given the greater molar ratio between Raf-MEK than between MEK-ERK in cells, it may be possible that MEK1/2 levels are regulated to modulate Raf/MEK/ERK activity upon pathway stimulation. Nevertheless, it has not been reported whether MEK1/2 expression can be subject to a feedback regulation. Here, we report that the Raf/MEK/ERK pathway can feedback-regulate cellular MEK1 and MEK2 levels. In different cell types, ΔRaf-1:ER- or B-Raf(V600E)-mediated MEK/ERK activation increased MEK1 but decreased MEK2 levels. These regulations were abrogated by ERK1/2 knockdown mediated by RNA interference, suggesting the presence of a feedback mechanism that regulates MEK1/2 levels. Subsequently, analyses using qPCR and luciferase reporters of the DNA promoter and 3' untranslated region revealed that the feedback MEK1 upregulation was in part attributed to increased transcription. However, the feedback MEK2 downregulation was only observed at protein levels, which was blocked by the proteasome inhibitors, MG132 and bortezomib, suggesting that the MEK2 regulation is mediated at a post-translational level. These results suggest that the Raf/MEK/ERK pathway can feedback-regulate cellular levels of MEK1 and MEK2, wherein MEK1 levels are upregulated at transcriptional level whereas MEK2 levels are downregulated at posttranslational level.
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Scherzad A, Steber M, Gehrke T, Rak K, Froelich K, Schendzielorz P, Hagen R, Kleinsasser N, Hackenberg S. Human mesenchymal stem cells enhance cancer cell proliferation via IL-6 secretion and activation of ERK1/2. Int J Oncol 2015; 47:391-7. [PMID: 25997536 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) are frequently used in tissue engineering. Due to their strong tumor tropism, hMSC seem to be a promising vehicle for anticancer drugs. However, interactions between hMSC and cancer are ambiguous. Particularly the cytokines and growth factors seem to play an important role in cancer progression and metastasis. The present study evaluated the effects of hMSC on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines (FaDu and HLaC78) in vitro. hMSC released several cytokines and growth factors. FaDu and HLaC78 showed a significant enhancement of cell proliferation after cultivation with hMSC-conditioned medium as compared to control. This proliferation improvement was inhibited by the addition of anti-IL-6. The western blot showed an activation of Erk1/2 in FaDu and HLaC78 by hMSC-conditioned medium. HNSCC cell lines expressed EGFR. The current study confirms the importance of cytokines secreted by hMSC in cancer biology. Especially IL-6 seems to play a key role in cancer progression. Thus, the use of hMSC as a carrier for cancer therapy must be discussed critically. Future studies should evaluate the possibility of generating genetically engineered hMSC with, for example, the absence of IL-6 secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agmal Scherzad
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive, Head and Neck Surgery, Julius-Maximilian-University Wuerzburg, D-97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Magdalena Steber
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive, Head and Neck Surgery, Julius-Maximilian-University Wuerzburg, D-97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Gehrke
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive, Head and Neck Surgery, Julius-Maximilian-University Wuerzburg, D-97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Kristen Rak
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive, Head and Neck Surgery, Julius-Maximilian-University Wuerzburg, D-97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Froelich
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive, Head and Neck Surgery, Julius-Maximilian-University Wuerzburg, D-97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Schendzielorz
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive, Head and Neck Surgery, Julius-Maximilian-University Wuerzburg, D-97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Rudolf Hagen
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive, Head and Neck Surgery, Julius-Maximilian-University Wuerzburg, D-97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Norbert Kleinsasser
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive, Head and Neck Surgery, Julius-Maximilian-University Wuerzburg, D-97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Hackenberg
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive, Head and Neck Surgery, Julius-Maximilian-University Wuerzburg, D-97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
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Wu PK, Hong SK, Yoon SH, Park JI. Active ERK2 is sufficient to mediate growth arrest and differentiation signaling. FEBS J 2015; 282:1017-30. [PMID: 25639353 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Although extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2) have been shown to be required in Raf/MEK/ERK pathway signaling, its sufficiency for mediating the pathway signaling has not been firmly established. In an effort to address this, we evaluated previously described ERK2 mutants that exhibit enhanced autophosphorylation of TEY sites in the activation loop in terms of their ability to induce growth arrest and differentiation in LNCaP and PC12 cells. We demonstrate that expression of ERK2-L73P/S151D, containing Lys73Pro and Ser151Asp substitutions that synergistically promote ERK autophosphorylation, is sufficient to induce growth arrest and differentiation, whereas expression of ERK2-I84A and ERK2-R65S/D319N is not as effective. When compared to the constitutively active MEK1-ΔN3/S218E/S222D, expression of ERK2-L73P/S151D only mildly increased ERK kinase activity in cells, as assessed using the ERK substrates p90(RSK) and ETS domain-containing protein (ELK1). However, ERK2-L73P/S151D expression effectively induced down-regulation of androgen receptors, Retinoblastoma (Rb) protein and E2F1 transcription factor, and up-regulation of p16(INK4A) and p21(CIP1), accompanied by cell-cycle arrest and morphological differentiation in LNCaP cells and neurite-like processes in PC12 cells. These effects and the TEY site phosphorylation of ERK2-L73P/S151D were abrogated upon introduction of the active site-disabling Lys52Arg mutation, suggesting that its autoactivation drives this signaling. Moreover, introduction of mutations Asp316/319Ala or Asp319Asn, which impair the common docking site/D-domain-based physical interaction of ERK, did not significantly affect ERK2-L73P/S151D signaling, suggesting that ERK2 mediates growth arrest and differentiation independently of the conventional ERK-target interaction mechanism. Thus, our study presents convincing evidence of ERK sufficiency for Raf/MEK/ERK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pui-Kei Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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Starenki D, Hong SK, Lloyd RV, Park JI. Mortalin (GRP75/HSPA9) upregulation promotes survival and proliferation of medullary thyroid carcinoma cells. Oncogene 2014; 34:4624-34. [PMID: 25435367 PMCID: PMC4451452 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a neuroendocrine tumor mainly caused by mutations in the rearranged during transfection (RET) proto-oncogene. For therapy of advanced MTC, the Food and Drug Administration recently approved vandetanib and cabozantinib, the tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting RET, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, epidermal growth factor receptor and/or c-MET. Nevertheless, not all patients respond to these drugs, demanding additional therapeutic strategies. We found that mortalin (HSPA9/GRP75), a member of HSP70 family, is upregulated in human MTC tissues and that its depletion robustly induces cell death and growth arrest in MTC cell lines in culture and in mouse xenografts. These effects were accompanied by substantial downregulation of RET, induction of the tumor-suppressor TP53 and altered expression of cell cycle regulatory machinery and apoptosis markers, including E2F-1, p21(CIP1), p27(KIP1) and Bcl-2 family proteins. Our investigation of the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects revealed that mortalin depletion induces transient MEK/ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) activation and altered mitochondrial bioenergetics in MTC cells, as indicated by depolarized mitochondrial membrane, decreased oxygen consumption and extracellular acidification and increased oxidative stress. Intriguingly, mortalin depletion induced growth arrest partly via the MEK/ERK pathway, whereas it induced cell death by causing mitochondrial dysfunction in a Bcl-2-dependent manner. However, TP53 was not necessary for these effects except for p21(CIP1) induction. Moreover, mortalin depletion downregulated RET expression independently of MEK/ERK and TP53. These data demonstrate that mortalin is a key regulator of multiple signaling and metabolic pathways pivotal to MTC cell survival and proliferation, proposing mortalin as a novel therapeutic target for MTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Starenki
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - S-K Hong
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - R V Lloyd
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - J-I Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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Raf/MEK/ERK can regulate cellular levels of LC3B and SQSTM1/p62 at expression levels. Exp Cell Res 2014; 327:340-52. [PMID: 25128814 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
While cellular LC3B and SQSTM1 levels serve as key autophagy markers, their regulation by different signaling pathways requires better understanding. Here, we report the mechanisms by which the Raf/MEK/ERK pathway regulates cellular LC3B and SQSTM1 levels. In different cell types, ΔRaf-1:ER- or B-Raf(V600E)-mediated MEK/ERK activation increased LC3B-I, LC3B-II, and SQSTM1/p62 levels, which was accompanied by increased BiP/GRP78 expression. Use of the autophagy inhibitors chloroquine and bafilomycin A1, or RNA interference of ATG7, suggested that these increases in LC3B and SQSTM1 levels were in part attributed to altered autophagic flux. However, intriguingly, these increases were also attributed to their increased expression. Upon Raf/MEK/ERK activation, mRNA levels of LC3B and SQSTM1 were also increased, and subsequent luciferase reporter analyses suggested that SQSTM1 upregulation was mediated at transcription level. Under this condition, transcription of BiP/GRP78 was also increased, which was necessary for Raf/MEK/ERK to regulate LC3B at the protein, but not mRNA, level. This suggests that BiP has a role in regulating autophagy machinery when Raf/MEK/ERK is activated. In conclusion, these results suggest that, under a Raf/MEK/ERK-activated condition, the steady-state cellular levels of LC3B and SQSTM1 can also be determined by their altered expression wherein BiP is utilized as an effector of the signaling.
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