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Dussouchaud A, Jacob J, Secq C, Verbavatz JM, Moras M, Larghero J, Fader CM, Ostuni MA, Lefevre SD. Transmission Electron Microscopy to Follow Ultrastructural Modifications of Erythroblasts Upon ex vivo Human Erythropoiesis. Front Physiol 2022; 12:791691. [PMID: 35222062 PMCID: PMC8864112 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.791691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Throughout mammal erythroid differentiation, erythroblasts undergo enucleation and organelle clearance becoming mature red blood cell. Organelles are cleared by autophagic pathways non-specifically targeting organelles and cytosolic content or by specific mitophagy targeting mitochondria. Mitochondrial functions are essential to coordinate metabolism reprogramming, cell death, and differentiation balance, and also synthesis of heme, the prosthetic group needed in hemoglobin assembly. In mammals, mitochondria subcellular localization and mitochondria interaction with other structures as endoplasmic reticulum and nucleus might be of importance for the removal of the nucleus, that is, the enucleation. Here, we aim to characterize by electron microscopy the changes in ultrastructure of cells over successive stages of human erythroblast differentiation. We focus on mitochondria to gain insights into intracellular localization, ultrastructure, and contact with other organelles. We found that mitochondria are progressively cleared with a significant switch between PolyE and OrthoE stages, acquiring a rounded shape and losing contact sites with both ER (MAM) and nucleus (NAM). We studied intracellular vesicle trafficking and found that endosomes and MVBs, known to be involved in iron traffic and heme synthesis, are increased during BasoE to PolyE transition; autophagic structures such as autophagosomes increase from ProE to OrthoE stages. Finally, consistent with metabolic switch, glycogen accumulation was observed in OrthoE stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Dussouchaud
- Université de Paris and Université des Antilles, INSERM, BIGR, Paris, France
| | - Julieta Jacob
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Histología y Embriología, CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Charles Secq
- Université de Paris and Université des Antilles, INSERM, BIGR, Paris, France
| | | | - Martina Moras
- Université de Paris and Université des Antilles, INSERM, BIGR, Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Larghero
- CNRS, UMR 7592, Institut Jacques Monod, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Claudio M. Fader
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Histología y Embriología, CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Mariano A. Ostuni
- Université de Paris and Université des Antilles, INSERM, BIGR, Paris, France
| | - Sophie D. Lefevre
- Université de Paris and Université des Antilles, INSERM, BIGR, Paris, France
- *Correspondence: Sophie D. Lefevre,
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Lysak D, Brychtová M, Leba M, Čedíková M, Georgiev D, Jindra P, Vlas T, Holubova M. Long-Term Cryopreservation Does Not Affect Quality of Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Grafts: A Comparative Study of Native, Short-Term and Long-Term Cryopreserved Haematopoietic Stem Cells. Cell Transplant 2021; 30:9636897211036004. [PMID: 34328022 PMCID: PMC8327011 DOI: 10.1177/09636897211036004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryopreserved haematopoietic progenitor cells are used to restore autologous haematopoiesis after high dose chemotherapy. Although the cells are routinely stored for a long period, concerns remain about the maximum storage time and the possible negative effect of storage on their potency. We evaluated the effect of cryopreservation on the quality of peripheral stem cell grafts stored for a short (3 months) and a long (10 years) period and we compared it to native products.The viability of CD34+ cells remained unaffected during storage, the apoptotic cells were represented up to 10% and did not differ between groups. The clonogenic activity measured by ATP production has decreased with the length of storage (ATP/cell 1.28 nM in native vs. 0.63 in long term stored products, P < 0.05). Only borderline changes without statistical significance were detected when examining mitochondrial and aldehyde dehydrogenase metabolic activity and intracellular pH, showing their good preservation during cell storage. Our experience demonstrates that cryostorage has no major negative effect on stem cell quality and potency, and therefore autologous stem cells can be stored safely for an extended period of at least 10 years. On the other hand, long term storage for 10 years and longer may lead to mild reduction of clonogenic capacity. When a sufficient dose of stem cells is infused, these changes will not have a clinical impact. However, in products stored beyond 10 years, especially when a low number of CD34+ cells is available, the quality of stem cell graft should be verified before infusion using the appropriate potency assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Lysak
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Brychtová
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Leba
- New Technologies for the Information Society European Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of West Bohemia, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslava Čedíková
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Georgiev
- New Technologies for the Information Society European Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of West Bohemia, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Jindra
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Vlas
- Institute of Immunology and Allergology, University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Holubova
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic.,Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic
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Gonzalez-Ibanez AM, Ruiz LM, Jensen E, Echeverria CA, Romero V, Stiles L, Shirihai OS, Elorza AA. Erythroid Differentiation and Heme Biosynthesis Are Dependent on a Shift in the Balance of Mitochondrial Fusion and Fission Dynamics. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:592035. [PMID: 33330472 PMCID: PMC7719720 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.592035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythropoiesis is the most robust cellular differentiation and proliferation system, with a production of ∼2 × 1011 cells per day. In this fine-tuned process, the hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) generate erythroid progenitors, which proliferate and mature into erythrocytes. During erythropoiesis, mitochondria are reprogrammed to drive the differentiation process before finally being eliminated by mitophagy. In erythropoiesis, mitochondrial dynamics (MtDy) are expected to be a key regulatory point that has not been described previously. We described that a specific MtDy pattern occurs in human erythropoiesis from EPO-induced human CD34+ cells, characterized predominantly by mitochondrial fusion at early stages followed by fission at late stages. The fusion protein MFN1 and the fission protein FIS1 are shown to play a key role in the progression of erythropoiesis. Fragmentation of the mitochondrial web by the overexpression of FIS1 (gain of fission) resulted in both the inhibition of hemoglobin biosynthesis and the arrest of erythroid differentiation, keeping cells in immature differentiation stages. These cells showed specific mitochondrial features as compared with control cells, such as an increase in round and large mitochondrial morphology, low mitochondrial membrane potential, a drop in the expression of the respiratory complexes II and IV and increased ROS. Interestingly, treatment with the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) inhibitor, cyclosporin A, rescued mitochondrial morphology, hemoglobin biosynthesis and erythropoiesis. Studies presented in this work reveal MtDy as a hot spot in the control of erythroid differentiation, which might signal downstream for metabolic reprogramming through regulation of the mPTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro M Gonzalez-Ibanez
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lina M Ruiz
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Erik Jensen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Valentina Romero
- Centro de Nanotecnología Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Linsey Stiles
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Metabolism Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Orian S Shirihai
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Metabolism Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Alvaro A Elorza
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
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Jensen EL, Gonzalez-Ibanez AM, Mendoza P, Ruiz LM, Riedel CA, Simon F, Schuringa JJ, Elorza AA. Copper deficiency-induced anemia is caused by a mitochondrial metabolic reprograming in erythropoietic cells. Metallomics 2020; 11:282-290. [PMID: 30358789 DOI: 10.1039/c8mt00224j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The lack of copper has been associated with anemia, myelodysplastic syndromes and leukemia as well as with a loss in complex IV activity and an enlarged mitochondrial morphology. Mitochondria play a key role during the differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells by regulating the passage from a glycolytic to oxidative metabolism. The former is associated with cell proliferation and the latter with cell differentiation. Oxidative metabolism, which occurs inside mitochondria, is sustained by the respiratory chain, where complex IV is copper-dependent. We have hypothesized that a copper deficiency induces a mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming, favoring cell expansion over cell differentiation in erythropoiesis. Erythroid progression analysis of the bone marrow of mice fed with a copper deficient diet and of the in vitro erythropoiesis of human CD34+ cells treated with a bathocuproine - a copper chelator - showed a major expansion of progenitor cells and a decreased differentiation. Under copper deficiency, mitochondria switched to a higher membrane potential, lower oxygen consumption rate and lower ROS levels as compared with control cells. In addition, mitochondrial biomass was increased and an up-regulation of the mitochondrial fusion protein mitofusin 2 was observed. Most copper-deficient phenotypes were mimicked by the pharmacological inhibition of complex IV with azide. We concluded that copper deficiency induced a mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming, making hematopoietic stem cells favor progenitor cell expansion over cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik L Jensen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, 8370146, Santiago, Chile.
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