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Krasoń MZ, Paradowska A, Boncel S, Lejawa M, Fronczek M, Śliwka J, Nożyński J, Bogus P, Hrapkowicz T, Czamara K, Kaczor A, Radomski MW. Graphene Oxide Significantly Modifies Cardiac Parameters and Coronary Endothelial Reactivity in Healthy and Hypertensive Rat Hearts Ex Vivo. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:28397-28411. [PMID: 38973833 PMCID: PMC11223131 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c02291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Interactions of graphene oxide (GO) with an ex vivo rat heart and its coronary vessels have not been studied yet. Moreover, the conflicting data on the "structure-properties" relationships do not allow for biomedical applications of GO. Herein, we study the impact of GO on the ex vivo isolated rat heart, normotensive and hypertensive, under the working heart and the constant-pressure perfusion (Langendorff) regimes. Four structural GO variants of the following initial morphology were used: few-layer (below 10-layer) GO1, O < 49%; predominantly single-layer GO2, O = 41-50%; 15-20-layer GO3, O < 11%; and few-layer (below 10-layer) NH4 +-functionalized GO4, O < 44%, N = 3-6%. The aqueous GO dispersions, sonicated and stabilized with bovine serum albumin in Krebs-Henseleit-like solution-uniformized in terms of the particle size-were eventually size-monodisperse as revealed by dynamic light scattering. To study the cardiotoxicity mechanisms of GO, histopathology, Raman spectroscopy, analysis of cardiac parameters (coronary and aortic flows, heart rate, aortic pressure), and nitric oxide (NO-)-dependent coronary flow response to bradykinin (blood-vessel-vasodilator) were used. GO1 (10 mg/L) exerted no effects on cardiac function and preserved an increase in coronary flow in response to bradykinin. GO2 (10 mg/L) reduced coronary flow, aortic pressure in normotensive hearts, and coronary flow in hypertensive hearts, and intensified the response to bradykinin in normal hearts. GO3 (10 mg/L) reduced all parameters in hypertensive hearts and coronary response to bradykinin in normal hearts. At higher concentrations (normotensive hearts, 30 mg/L), the coronary response to bradykinin was blocked. GO4 (10 mg/L) reduced the coronary flow in normal hearts, while for hypertensive hearts, all parameters, except the coronary flow, were reduced and the coronary response to bradykinin was blocked. The results showed that a low number of GO layers and high O-content were safer for normal and hypertensive rat hearts. Hypertensive hearts deteriorated easier upon perfusion with low-O-content GOs. Our findings support the necessity of strict control over the GO structure during organ perfusion and indicate the urgent need for personalized medicine in biomedical applications of GO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Z. Krasoń
- Silesian
Park of Medical Technology Kardio-Med Silesia, Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie 10C, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
- Department
of Cardiac, Vascular and Endovascular Surgery and Transplantology,
Silesian Center for Heart Disease, Medical
University of Silesia in Katowice, Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie 9, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Anna Paradowska
- Silesian
Park of Medical Technology Kardio-Med Silesia, Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie 10C, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Sławomir Boncel
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty
of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Centre
for Organic and Nanohybrid Electronics (CONE), Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 22B, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Mateusz Lejawa
- Silesian
Park of Medical Technology Kardio-Med Silesia, Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie 10C, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
- Department
of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jordana 38, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Martyna Fronczek
- Silesian
Park of Medical Technology Kardio-Med Silesia, Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie 10C, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
- Department
of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jordana 38, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Joanna Śliwka
- Silesian
Park of Medical Technology Kardio-Med Silesia, Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie 10C, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
- Department
of Cardiac, Vascular and Endovascular Surgery and Transplantology,
Silesian Center for Heart Disease, Medical
University of Silesia in Katowice, Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie 9, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Jerzy Nożyński
- Department
of Cardiac, Vascular and Endovascular Surgery and Transplantology,
Silesian Center for Heart Disease, Medical
University of Silesia in Katowice, Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie 9, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Piotr Bogus
- Silesian
Park of Medical Technology Kardio-Med Silesia, Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie 10C, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Tomasz Hrapkowicz
- Department
of Cardiac, Vascular and Endovascular Surgery and Transplantology,
Silesian Center for Heart Disease, Medical
University of Silesia in Katowice, Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie 9, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Czamara
- Jagiellonian
Centre of Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, M. Bobrzyńskiego 14, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kaczor
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Marek W. Radomski
- Department
of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Rd, Saskatoon SKS7N 5E5, Canada
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Hu NW, Lomel BM, Rice EW, Hossain MMN, Sarntinoranont M, Secomb TW, Murfee WL, Balogh P. Estimation of shear stress heterogeneity along capillary segments in angiogenic rat mesenteric microvascular networks. Microcirculation 2023; 30:e12830. [PMID: 37688531 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fluid shear stress is thought to be a regulator of endothelial cell behavior during angiogenesis. The link, however, requires an understanding of stress values at the capillary level in angiogenic microvascular networks. Critical questions remain. What are the stresses? Do capillaries experience similar stress magnitudes? Can variations explain vessel-specific behavior? The objective of this study was to estimate segment-specific shear stresses in angiogenic networks. METHODS Images of angiogenic networks characterized by increased vascular density were obtained from rat mesenteric tissues stimulated by compound 48/80-induced mast cell degranulation. Vessels were identified by perfusion of a 40 kDa fixable dextran prior to harvesting and immunolabeling for PECAM. Using a network flow-based segment model with physiologically relevant parameters, stresses were computed per vessel for regions across multiple networks. RESULTS Stresses ranged from 0.003 to 2328.1 dyne/cm2 and varied dramatically at the capillary level. For all regions, the maximum segmental shear stresses were for capillary segments. Stresses along proximal capillaries branching from arteriole inlets were increased compared to stresses along capillaries in more distal regions. CONCLUSIONS The results highlight the variability of shear stresses along angiogenic capillaries and motivate new discussions on how endothelial cells may respond in vivo to segment-specific microenvironment during angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nien-Wen Hu
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Banks M Lomel
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Elijah W Rice
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Mir Md Nasim Hossain
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, New Jersey, Newark, USA
| | - Malisa Sarntinoranont
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Timothy W Secomb
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - Walter L Murfee
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Peter Balogh
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, New Jersey, Newark, USA
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Rowe G, Heng DS, Beare JE, Hodges NA, Tracy EP, Murfee WL, LeBlanc AJ. Stromal Vascular Fraction Reverses the Age-Related Impairment in Revascularization following Injury. J Vasc Res 2022; 59:343-357. [PMID: 36075199 PMCID: PMC9780192 DOI: 10.1159/000526002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF) has emerged as a potential regenerative therapy, but few studies utilize SVF in a setting of advanced age. Additionally, the specific cell population in SVF providing therapeutic benefit is unknown. We hypothesized that aging would alter the composition of cell populations present in SVF and its ability to promote angiogenesis following injury, a mechanism that is T cell-mediated. SVF isolated from young and old Fischer 344 rats was examined with flow cytometry for cell composition. Mesenteric windows from old rats were isolated following exteriorization-induced (EI) hypoxic injury and intravenous injection of one of four cell therapies: (1) SVF from young or (2) old donors, (3) SVF from old donors depleted of or (4) enriched for T cells. Advancing age increased the SVF T-cell population but reduced revascularization following injury. Both young and aged SVF incorporated throughout the host mesenteric microvessels, but only young SVF significantly increased vascular area following EI. This study highlights the effect of donor age on SVF angiogenic efficacy and demonstrates how the ex vivo mesenteric-window model can be used in conjunction with SVF therapy to investigate its contribution to angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Rowe
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA,
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA,
| | - David S Heng
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Jason E Beare
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Nicholas A Hodges
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Evan P Tracy
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Walter L Murfee
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Amanda J LeBlanc
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The inability of the organism to appropriately respond to hypoxia results in abnormal cell metabolism and function. Hypoxia-induced angiogenesis seems to be suppressed in experimental models of hypertension; however, this hypothesis has not been tested in humans. We examined changes in endothelial biomarkers and vascular chemoattraction/angiogenic capacity in response to isocapnic hypoxia in hypertensive men. METHODS Twelve normotensive (38 ± 10 years) and nine hypertensive men (45 ± 11 years) were exposed to 5-min trials of normoxia (21% O2) and isocapnic hypoxia (10% O2). During the last minute of each trial, venous blood was drawn. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs; CD45/CD34/VEGFR2), endothelial microvesicles (apoptotic EMVs, CD42b/CD31/AnnexinV; endothelial activation, CD62E/CD144), nitrite, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) were measured. RESULTS During normoxia, EPCs, nitrite, endothelial activation, and SDF-1 were similar between groups, whereas VEGF was lower (P = 0.02) and apoptotic EMVs tended to increase (P = 0.07) in hypertensive men. During isocapnic hypoxia, endothelial activation increased in both groups (normotensive, P = 0.007 vs. normoxia; hypertensive, P = 0.006 vs. normoxia), whereas EMVs were higher only in the hypertensive group (P = 0.03 vs. normotensive). EPCs (P = 0.01 vs. normoxia; P = 0.03 vs. hypertensive men), NO (P = 0.01 vs. normoxia; P = 0.04 vs. hypertensive), and VEGF (P = 0.02 vs. normoxia; P = 0.0005 vs. hypertensive) increased only in normotensive individuals in response to isocapnic hypoxia. SDF-1 did not change in either group. CONCLUSION These results suggest that hypertension-induced impairment in angiogenesis in response to isocapnic hypoxia is related to disrupted NO bioavailability, VEGF chemotactic signaling, and EPC mobilization.
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Krishnan S, Suarez-Martinez AD, Bagher P, Gonzalez A, Liu R, Murfee WL, Mohandas R. Microvascular dysfunction and kidney disease: Challenges and opportunities? Microcirculation 2021; 28:e12661. [PMID: 33025626 PMCID: PMC9990864 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Kidneys are highly vascular organs that despite their relatively small size receive 20% of the cardiac output. The highly intricate, delicately organized structure of renal microcirculation is essential to enable renal function and glomerular filtration rate through the local modulation of renal blood flow and intraglomerular pressure. Not surprisingly, the dysregulation of blood flow within the microvessels (abnormal vasoreactivity), fibrosis driven by disordered vascular-renal cross talk, or the loss of renal microvasculature (rarefaction) is associated with kidney disease. In addition, kidney disease can cause microcirculatory dysfunction in distant organs such as the heart and brain, mediated by mechanisms that remain to be elucidated. The objective of this review is to highlight the role of renal microvasculature in kidney disease. The overview will outline the impetus to study renal microvasculature, the bidirectional relationship between kidney disease and microvascular dysfunction, the key pathways driving microvascular diseases such as vasoreactivity, the cell dynamics coordinating fibrosis, and vessel rarefaction. Finally, we will also briefly highlight new therapies targeting the renal microvasculature to improve renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraj Krishnan
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension & Transplantation, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ariana D Suarez-Martinez
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Pooneh Bagher
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Anjelica Gonzalez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ruisheng Liu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Walter L Murfee
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Rajesh Mohandas
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension & Transplantation, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
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6
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Li Y, Wang Q, Muir ER, Kiel JW, Duong TQ. Retinal Vascular and Anatomical Features in the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat. Curr Eye Res 2020; 45:1422-1429. [PMID: 32255364 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2020.1752738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate whether in vivo optical imaging methods and histology can detect comparable vascular and neuronal damage in the retina due to the effects of progressive chronic hypertension on the retinal vasculature and neurons using the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) model at young and old ages. Methods: Male SHR and normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats were studied at 10 and 40 weeks of age (n = 6 each group). Arterial blood pressure was measured with a tail-cuff. Under anesthesia, fundus photography was used to measure retinal arterial diameters and optical coherence tomography was used to measure retinal layer thicknesses. Histology was then used to measure microvascular and cell density in different retinal layers. Results: Blood pressure was significantly higher in SHR than WKY in both age groups (p < .05). Fundus images showed no gross abnormalities, hemorrhage, or stenosis in all groups. Retinal vessels, however, appeared more tortuous in SHR compared to WKY at both ages. Retinal vessel diameters in SHR were significantly narrower than in WKY at both age groups (p < .05). Microvascular densities at 10 weeks were not significantly different (p > .05) but were markedly reduced in SHR at 40 weeks compared to WKY (p < .05). The outer nuclear layer thickness of SHR was significantly thinner than that of WKY at both ages (p < .05), consistent with histological cell density measurements (p < .05). The ganglion cell layer and inner nuclear layer thicknesses were not significantly different between SHR and WKY (p > .05), consistent with the corresponding histological cell density measurements (p > .05). Conclusion: In vivo optical imaging showed that systemic hypertension progressively reduces retinal arterial diameter and thicknesses of the outer retina in spontaneously hypertensive rats, with consistent vascular and neuronal findings from histology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxia Li
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital MedicalUniversity , Beijing, China
| | - Eric R Muir
- Department of Radiology, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Kiel
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Health Science Center , San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Timothy Q Duong
- Department of Radiology, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, New York, USA
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Monori-Kiss A, Antal P, Szekeres M, Varbiro S, Fees A, Szekacs B, Nadasy GL. Morphological remodeling of the intramural coronary resistance artery network geometry in chronically Angiotensin II infused hypertensive female rats. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03807. [PMID: 32368650 PMCID: PMC7184174 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Segmental remodeling of resistance arteries, inhibition of angiogenetic processes, their rarefaction by AngiotensinII and hypertension are accepted facts. Less is known about alterations in resistance artery network geometry potentially induced by them. Female rats were infused with 100 ng/kg/min AngiotensinII with osmotic minipumps for four weeks that raised mean arterial blood pressure from 98 ± 3 to 125 ± 7 mmHg. Geometry of the left coronary artery system was studied on plastic casts and on in situ microsurgically prepared, saline infused video-microscoped networks (n = 13 and 11 controls and hypertensives, respectively). Parallel running branches, broken course of larger branches, multiple branchings and branch crossings have been identified (13 and 74 such deformities, in control and hypertensive networks, respectively, p < 0.01). Bifurcation angles increased with increasing asymmetry of daughter branches but not in hypertensives. Dividing the whole network (theoretically) into several hundreds of 50μm long ring units, ring frequency peaked at 200μm diameter in normal networks. This peak diminished and was replaced by a peak at 300μm in hypertensives (p < 0.01). In controls, diameter of vascular units decreased at a fairly even rate with flow distance from the orifice. The 350, 200, 150μm diameter units were found with highest frequencies at flow distances around 2.5, 5.5 and 7.5mm, respectively. This regular pattern disintegrated in hypertensives. Higher blood flow routes were needed to cover the same distance from the orifice (p < 0.01). Shrinkage and diminishment of many parallel connected 200μm segments, concomitant enlargement of many larger segments accompanied with morphological deformities can be expected to contribute to elevated vascular resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Monori-Kiss
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 37-47 Tuzolto Str, H-1094, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter Antal
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 37-47 Tuzolto Str, H-1094, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Maria Szekeres
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, 37-47 Tuzolto Str, H-1094, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Morphology and Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, 17 Vas Str, H-1088, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szabolcs Varbiro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, 78a Ulloi Str, H-1082, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Alexander Fees
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, 37-47 Tuzolto Str, H-1094, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bela Szekacs
- II. Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Geriatrics, Semmelweis University, 20-22 Halmi Str, H-1115, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gyorgy L Nadasy
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, 37-47 Tuzolto Str, H-1094, Budapest, Hungary
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Sweat RS, Sloas DC, Stewart SA, Czarny-Ratajczak M, Baddoo M, Eastwood JR, Suarez-Martinez AD, Azimi MS, Burks HE, Chedister LO, Myers L, Murfee WL. Aging is associated with impaired angiogenesis, but normal microvascular network structure, in the rat mesentery. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 312:H275-H284. [PMID: 27864233 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00200.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A big problem associated with aging is thought to be impaired microvascular growth or angiogenesis. However, to link the evidence for impaired angiogenesis to microvascular dysfunction in aged tissues, we must compare adult vs. aged microvascular networks in unstimulated scenarios. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that aged microvascular networks are characterized by both fewer vessels and the impaired ability to undergo angiogenesis. Mesentery tissues from adult (9-mo) and aged (24-mo) male Fischer 344 rats were harvested and immunolabeled for platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule (an endothelial cell marker) according to two scenarios: unstimulated and stimulated. For unstimulated groups, tissues harvested from adult and aged rats were compared. For stimulated groups, tissues were harvested 3 or 10 days after compound 48/80-induced mast cell degranulation stimulation. Unstimulated aged microvascular networks displayed larger mean vascular area per tissue area compared with the unstimulated adult networks. The lack of a decrease in vessel density was supported at the gene expression level with RNA-Seq analysis and with comparison of vessel densities in soleus muscle. Following stimulation, capillary sprouting and vessel density were impaired in aged networks at 3 and 10 days, respectively. Our results suggest that aging associated with impaired angiogenesis mechanisms might not influence normal microvascular function, since unstimulated aged microvascular networks can display a "normal adult-like" vessel density and architecture. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Using a multidimensional approach, we present evidence supporting that aged microvascular networks display vessel density and patterning similar to adult networks despite also being characterized by a decreased capacity to undergo angiogenesis. Thus, vessel loss is not necessarily a characteristic of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard S Sweat
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - David C Sloas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Scott A Stewart
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | | | - Melody Baddoo
- Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana; and
| | - James R Eastwood
- Tulane Center for Aging, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | | | - Mohammad S Azimi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Hope E Burks
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Lee O Chedister
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Leann Myers
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Walter L Murfee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana;
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Murfee WL, Sweat RS, Tsubota KI, Mac Gabhann F, Khismatullin D, Peirce SM. Applications of computational models to better understand microvascular remodelling: a focus on biomechanical integration across scales. Interface Focus 2015; 5:20140077. [PMID: 25844149 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2014.0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microvascular network remodelling is a common denominator for multiple pathologies and involves both angiogenesis, defined as the sprouting of new capillaries, and network patterning associated with the organization and connectivity of existing vessels. Much of what we know about microvascular remodelling at the network, cellular and molecular scales has been derived from reductionist biological experiments, yet what happens when the experiments provide incomplete (or only qualitative) information? This review will emphasize the value of applying computational approaches to advance our understanding of the underlying mechanisms and effects of microvascular remodelling. Examples of individual computational models applied to each of the scales will highlight the potential of answering specific questions that cannot be answered using typical biological experimentation alone. Looking into the future, we will also identify the needs and challenges associated with integrating computational models across scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter L Murfee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Tulane University , 500 Lindy Boggs Energy Center, New Orleans, LA 70118 , USA
| | - Richard S Sweat
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Tulane University , 500 Lindy Boggs Energy Center, New Orleans, LA 70118 , USA
| | - Ken-Ichi Tsubota
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Chiba University , 1-33 Yayoi, Inage, Chiba 263-8522 , Japan
| | - Feilim Mac Gabhann
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Johns Hopkins University , 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218 , USA ; Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Johns Hopkins University , 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218 , USA ; Institute for Computational Medicine , Johns Hopkins University , 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218 , USA
| | - Damir Khismatullin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Tulane University , 500 Lindy Boggs Energy Center, New Orleans, LA 70118 , USA
| | - Shayn M Peirce
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , University of Virginia , 415 Lane Road, Charlottesville, VA 22903 , USA
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10
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Park SY, Lee HJ, Ji SM, Kim ME, Jigden B, Lim JE, Oh B. ANTXR2 is a potential causative gene in the genome-wide association study of the blood pressure locus 4q21. Hypertens Res 2014; 37:811-7. [PMID: 24739539 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2014.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is the most prevalent cardiovascular disease worldwide, but its genetic basis is poorly understood. Recently, genome-wide association studies identified 33 genetic loci that are associated with blood pressure. However, it has been difficult to determine whether these loci are causative owing to the lack of functional analyses. Of these 33 genome-wide association studies (GWAS) loci, the 4q21 locus, known as the fibroblast growth factor 5 (FGF5) locus, has been linked to blood pressure in Asians and Europeans. Using a mouse model, we aimed to identify a causative gene in the 4q21 locus, in which four genes (anthrax toxin receptor 2 (ANTXR2), PR domain-containing 8 (PRDM8), FGF5 and chromosome 4 open reading frame 22 (C4orf22)) were near the lead single-nucleotide polymorphism (rs16998073). Initially, we examined Fgf5 gene by measuring blood pressure in Fgf5-knockout mice. However, blood pressure did not differ between Fgf5 knockout and wild-type mice. Therefore, the other candidate genes were studied by in vivo small interfering RNA (siRNA) silencing in mice. Antxr2 siRNA was pretreated with polyethylenimine and injected into mouse tail veins, causing a significant decrease in Antxr2 mRNA by 22% in the heart. Moreover, blood pressure measured under anesthesia in Antxr2 siRNA-injected mice rose significantly compared with that of the controls. These results suggest that ANTXR2 is a causative gene in the human 4q21 GWAS-blood pressure locus. Additional functional studies of ANTXR2 in blood pressure may identify a novel genetic pathway, thus increasing our understanding of the etiology of essential hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Yon Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeon-Ju Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su-Min Ji
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Marina E Kim
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Baigalmaa Jigden
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Eun Lim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bermseok Oh
- 1] Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea [2] Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea [3] Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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Feng D, Menger MD, Wang H, Laschke MW. Luminal epithelium in endometrial fragments affects their vascularization, growth and morphological development into endometriosis-like lesions in mice. Dis Model Mech 2013; 7:225-32. [PMID: 24291760 PMCID: PMC3917243 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.013664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In endometriosis research, endometriosis-like lesions are usually induced in rodents by transplantation of isolated endometrial tissue fragments to ectopic sites. In the present study, we investigated whether this approach is affected by the cellular composition of the grafts. For this purpose, endometrial tissue fragments covered with luminal epithelium (LE(+)) and without luminal epithelium (LE(-)) were transplanted from transgenic green-fluorescent-protein-positive (GFP(+)) donor mice into the dorsal skinfold chamber of GFP(-) wild-type recipient animals to analyze their vascularization, growth and morphology by means of repetitive intravital fluorescence microscopy, histology and immunohistochemistry during a 14-day observation period. LE(-) fragments developed into typical endometriosis-like lesions with cyst-like dilated endometrial glands and a well-vascularized endometrial stroma. In contrast, LE(+) fragments exhibited a polypoid morphology and a significantly reduced blood perfusion after engraftment, because the luminal epithelium prevented the vascular interconnection with the microvasculature of the surrounding host tissue. This was associated with a markedly decreased growth rate of LE(+) lesions compared with LE(-) lesions. In addition, we found that many GFP(+) microvessels grew outside the LE(-) lesions and developed interconnections to the host microvasculature, indicating that inosculation is an important mechanism in the vascularization process of endometriosis-like lesions. Our findings demonstrate that the luminal epithelium crucially affects the vascularization, growth and morphology of endometriosis-like lesions. Therefore, it is of major importance to standardize the cellular composition of endometrial grafts in order to increase the validity and reliability of pre-clinical rodent studies in endometriosis research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilu Feng
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, University of Saarland, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
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