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Saba L, Scicolone R, Johansson E, Nardi V, Lanzino G, Kakkos SK, Pontone G, Annoni AD, Paraskevas KI, Fox AJ. Quantifying Carotid Stenosis: History, Current Applications, Limitations, and Potential: How Imaging Is Changing the Scenario. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:73. [PMID: 38255688 PMCID: PMC10821425 DOI: 10.3390/life14010073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Carotid artery stenosis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The journey to understanding carotid disease has developed over time and radiology has a pivotal role in diagnosis, risk stratification and therapeutic management. This paper reviews the history of diagnostic imaging in carotid disease, its evolution towards its current applications in the clinical and research fields, and the potential of new technologies to aid clinicians in identifying the disease and tailoring medical and surgical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Saba
- Department of Radiology, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Roberta Scicolone
- Department of Radiology, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Elias Johansson
- Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, 41390 Gothenburg, Sweden;
| | - Valentina Nardi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
| | - Giuseppe Lanzino
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
| | - Stavros K. Kakkos
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece;
| | - Gianluca Pontone
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Via C. Parea 4, 20138 Milan, Italy; (G.P.); (A.D.A.)
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea D. Annoni
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Via C. Parea 4, 20138 Milan, Italy; (G.P.); (A.D.A.)
| | | | - Allan J. Fox
- Department of Medical Imaging, Neuroradiology Section, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada;
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Zhao Y, Jiang M, Chan WS, Chiu B. Development of a Three-Dimensional Carotid Ultrasound Image Segmentation Workflow for Improved Efficiency, Reproducibility and Accuracy in Measuring Vessel Wall and Plaque Volume and Thickness. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1217. [PMID: 37892947 PMCID: PMC10603859 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10101217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Automated segmentation of carotid lumen-intima boundary (LIB) and media-adventitia boundary (MAB) by deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) from three-dimensional ultrasound (3DUS) images has made assessment and monitoring of carotid atherosclerosis more efficient than manual segmentation. However, training of CNN still requires manual segmentation of LIB and MAB. Therefore, there is a need to improve the efficiency of manual segmentation and develop strategies to improve segmentation accuracy by the CNN for serial monitoring of carotid atherosclerosis. One strategy to reduce segmentation time is to increase the interslice distance (ISD) between segmented axial slices of a 3DUS image while maintaining the segmentation reliability. We, for the first time, investigated the effect of ISD on the reproducibility of MAB and LIB segmentations. The intra-observer reproducibility of LIB and MAB segmentations at ISDs of 1 mm and 2 mm was not statistically significantly different, whereas the reproducibility at ISD = 3 mm was statistically lower. Therefore, we conclude that segmentation with an ISD of 2 mm provides sufficient reliability for CNN training. We further proposed training the CNN by the baseline images of the entire cohort of patients for automatic segmentation of the follow-up images acquired for the same cohort. We validated that segmentation with this time-based partitioning approach is more accurate than that produced by patient-based partitioning, especially at the carotid bifurcation. This study forms the basis for an efficient, reproducible, and accurate 3DUS workflow for serial monitoring of carotid atherosclerosis useful in risk stratification of cardiovascular events and in evaluating the efficacy of new treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhao
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; (Y.Z.); (M.J.); (W.S.C.)
| | - Mingjie Jiang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; (Y.Z.); (M.J.); (W.S.C.)
| | - Wai Sum Chan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; (Y.Z.); (M.J.); (W.S.C.)
| | - Bernard Chiu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; (Y.Z.); (M.J.); (W.S.C.)
- Department of Physics & Computer Science, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada
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Jiang M, Chiu B. A Dual-Stream Centerline-Guided Network for Segmentation of the Common and Internal Carotid Arteries From 3D Ultrasound Images. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING 2023; 42:2690-2705. [PMID: 37015114 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2023.3263537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Segmentation of the carotid section encompassing the common carotid artery (CCA), the bifurcation and the internal carotid artery (ICA) from three-dimensional ultrasound (3DUS) is required to measure the vessel wall volume (VWV) and localized vessel-wall-plus-plaque thickness (VWT), shown to be sensitive to treatment effect. We proposed an approach to combine a centerline extraction network (CHG-Net) and a dual-stream centerline-guided network (DSCG-Net) to segment the lumen-intima (LIB) and media-adventitia boundaries (MAB) from 3DUS images. Correct arterial location is essential for successful segmentation of the carotid section encompassing the bifurcation. We addressed this challenge by using the arterial centerline to enhance the localization accuracy of the segmentation network. The CHG-Net was developed to generate a heatmap indicating high probability regions for the centerline location, which was then integrated with the 3DUS image by the DSCG-Net to generate the MAB and LIB. The DSCG-Net includes a scale-based and a spatial attention mechanism to fuse multi-level features extracted by the encoder, and a centerline heatmap reconstruction side-branch connected to the end of the encoder to increase the generalization ability of the network. Experiments involving 224 3DUS volumes produce a Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) of 95.8±1.9% and 92.3±5.4% for CCA MAB and LIB, respectively, and 93.2±4.4% and 89.0±10.0% for ICA MAB and LIB, respectively. Our approach outperformed four state-of-the-art 3D CNN models, even after their performances were boosted by centerline guidance. The efficiency afforded by the framework would allow it to be incorporated into the clinical workflow for improved quantification of plaque change.
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An adaptively weighted ensemble of multiple CNNs for carotid ultrasound image segmentation. Biomed Signal Process Control 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2023.104673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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5
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Zhou R, Guo F, Azarpazhooh MR, Spence JD, Gan H, Ding M, Fenster A. Carotid Vessel-Wall-Volume Ultrasound Measurement via a UNet++ Ensemble Algorithm Trained on Small Data Sets. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2023; 49:1031-1036. [PMID: 36642588 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2022.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Vessel wall volume (VWV) is a 3-D ultrasound measurement for the assessment of therapy in patients with carotid atherosclerosis. Deep learning can be used to segment the media-adventitia boundary (MAB) and lumen-intima boundary (LIB) and to quantify VWV automatically; however, it typically requires large training data sets with expert manual segmentation, which are difficult to obtain. In this study, a UNet++ ensemble approach was developed for automated VWV measurement, trained on five small data sets (n = 30 participants) and tested on 100 participants with clinically diagnosed coronary artery disease enrolled in a multicenter CAIN trial. The Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), average symmetric surface distance (ASSD), Pearson correlation coefficient (r), Bland-Altman plots and coefficient of variation (CoV) were used to evaluate algorithm segmentation accuracy, agreement and reproducibility. The UNet++ ensemble yielded DSCs of 91.07%-91.56% and 87.53%-89.44% and ASSDs of 0.10-0.11 mm and 0.33-0.39 mm for the MAB and LIB, respectively; the algorithm VWV measurements were correlated (r = 0.763-0.795, p < 0.001) with manual segmentations, and the CoV for VWV was 8.89%. In addition, the UNet++ ensemble trained on 30 participants achieved a performance similar to that of U-Net and Voxel-FCN trained on 150 participants. These results suggest that our approach could provide accurate and reproducible carotid VWV measurements using relatively small training data sets, supporting deep learning applications for monitoring atherosclerosis progression in research and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Zhou
- School of Computer Science, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fumin Guo
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - M Reza Azarpazhooh
- Stroke Prevention and Atherosclerosis Research Centre, Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - J David Spence
- Stroke Prevention and Atherosclerosis Research Centre, Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Haitao Gan
- School of Computer Science, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Mingyue Ding
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Aaron Fenster
- Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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Huang Q, Zhao L, Ren G, Wang X, Liu C, Wang W. NAG-Net: Nested attention-guided learning for segmentation of carotid lumen-intima interface and media-adventitia interface. Comput Biol Med 2023; 156:106718. [PMID: 36889027 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.106718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD), as the leading cause of death in the world, poses a serious threat to human health. The segmentation of carotid Lumen-intima interface (LII) and Media-adventitia interface (MAI) is a prerequisite for measuring intima-media thickness (IMT), which is of great significance for early screening and prevention of CVD. Despite recent advances, existing methods still fail to incorporate task-related clinical domain knowledge and require complex post-processing steps to obtain fine contours of LII and MAI. In this paper, a nested attention-guided deep learning model (named NAG-Net) is proposed for accurate segmentation of LII and MAI. The NAG-Net consists of two nested sub-networks, the Intima-Media Region Segmentation Network (IMRSN) and the LII and MAI Segmentation Network (LII-MAISN). It innovatively incorporates task-related clinical domain knowledge through the visual attention map generated by IMRSN, enabling LII-MAISN to focus more on the clinician's visual focus region under the same task during segmentation. Moreover, the segmentation results can directly obtain fine contours of LII and MAI through simple refinement without complicated post-processing steps. To further improve the feature extraction ability of the model and reduce the impact of data scarcity, the strategy of transfer learning is also adopted to apply the pretrained weights of VGG-16. In addition, a channel attention-based encoder feature fusion block (EFFB-ATT) is specially designed to achieve efficient representation of useful features extracted by two parallel encoders in LII-MAISN. Extensive experimental results have demonstrated that our proposed NAG-Net outperformed other state-of-the-art methods and achieved the highest performance on all evaluation metrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Huang
- School of Artificial Intelligence, OPtics and ElectroNics (iOPEN), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, China; School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Liangrun Zhao
- School of Artificial Intelligence, OPtics and ElectroNics (iOPEN), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, China; School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Guanqing Ren
- Shenzhen Delica Medical Equipment Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, 518132, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xiaoyi Wang
- Shenzhen Delica Medical Equipment Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, 518132, Guangdong, China.
| | - Chunying Liu
- Hospital of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
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Zaid T, Biradar N, Sonth MV, Gowre SC, Gadgay B. FDADE: Flow direction algorithm with differential evolution for measurement of intima-media thickness of the carotid artery in ultrasound images. Biomed Signal Process Control 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2022.104350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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8
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Zhou R, Ou Y, Fang X, Azarpazhooh MR, Gan H, Ye Z, Spence JD, Xu X, Fenster A. Ultrasound carotid plaque segmentation via image reconstruction-based self-supervised learning with limited training labels. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2023; 20:1617-1636. [PMID: 36899501 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2023074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Carotid total plaque area (TPA) is an important contributing measurement to the evaluation of stroke risk. Deep learning provides an efficient method for ultrasound carotid plaque segmentation and TPA quantification. However, high performance of deep learning requires datasets with many labeled images for training, which is very labor-intensive. Thus, we propose an image reconstruction-based self-supervised learning algorithm (IR-SSL) for carotid plaque segmentation when few labeled images are available. IR-SSL consists of pre-trained and downstream segmentation tasks. The pre-trained task learns region-wise representations with local consistency by reconstructing plaque images from randomly partitioned and disordered images. The pre-trained model is then transferred to the segmentation network as the initial parameters in the downstream task. IR-SSL was implemented with two networks, UNet++ and U-Net, and evaluated on two independent datasets of 510 carotid ultrasound images from 144 subjects at SPARC (London, Canada) and 638 images from 479 subjects at Zhongnan hospital (Wuhan, China). Compared to the baseline networks, IR-SSL improved the segmentation performance when trained on few labeled images (n = 10, 30, 50 and 100 subjects). For 44 SPARC subjects, IR-SSL yielded Dice-similarity-coefficients (DSC) of 80.14-88.84%, and algorithm TPAs were strongly correlated (r=0.962-0.993, p < 0.001) with manual results. The models trained on the SPARC images but applied to the Zhongnan dataset without retraining achieved DSCs of 80.61-88.18% and strong correlation with manual segmentation (r=0.852-0.978, p < 0.001). These results suggest that IR-SSL could improve deep learning when trained on small labeled datasets, making it useful for monitoring carotid plaque progression/regression in clinical use and trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Zhou
- School of Computer Science, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanghan Ou
- School of Computer Science, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyue Fang
- School of Computer Science, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Haitao Gan
- School of Computer Science, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiwei Ye
- School of Computer Science, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - J David Spence
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Xiangyang Xu
- Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Aaron Fenster
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Canada
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Qian C, Su E, Ni X. Learning-based initialization for correntropy-based level sets to segment atherosclerotic plaque in ultrasound images. ULTRASONICS 2023; 127:106826. [PMID: 36058188 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2022.106826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Carotid artery atherosclerosis is a significant cause of stroke. Ultrasound imaging has been widely used in the diagnosis of atherosclerosis. Therefore, segmenting the atherosclerotic carotid plaque in an ultrasound image is an important task. Accurate plaque segmentation is helpful for the measurement of carotid plaque burden. This study proposes an automatic method for atherosclerotic plaque segmentation by using correntropy-based level sets (CLS) with learning-based initialization. We introduce the CLS model, containing the point-based local bias-field corrected image fitting method and correntropy-based distance measurement, to overcome the limitations of the ultrasound images. A supervised learning algorithm is employed to solve the automatic initialization problem of the variational methods. The proposed atherosclerotic plaque segmentation method is validated on 29 carotid ultrasound images, obtaining a Dice ratio of 90.6 ± 1.9% and an overlap index of 83.6 ± 3.2%. Moreover, by comparing the standard deviation of each evaluation index, it can be found that the proposed method is more robust for segmenting the atherosclerotic plaque. Our work shows that our proposed method can be more helpful than other variational models for measuring the carotid plaque burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjun Qian
- The Affiliated Changzhou NO.2 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Changhzou, Jiangsu, 213004, China; School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Changzhou Institute of Technology, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213032, China
| | - Enjie Su
- Chinese Medical Hospital of Wujin, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213100, China
| | - Xinye Ni
- The Affiliated Changzhou NO.2 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Changhzou, Jiangsu, 213004, China.
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Yuan Y, Li C, Zhang K, Hua Y, Zhang J. HRU-Net: A Transfer Learning Method for Carotid Artery Plaque Segmentation in Ultrasound Images. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:2852. [PMID: 36428911 PMCID: PMC9689104 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12112852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotid artery stenotic plaque segmentation in ultrasound images is a crucial means for the analysis of plaque components and vulnerability. However, segmentation of severe stenotic plaques remains a challenging task because of the heterogeneities of inter-plaques and intra-plaques, and obscure boundaries of plaques. In this paper, we propose an automated HRU-Net transfer learning method for segmenting carotid plaques, using the limited images. The HRU-Net is based on the U-Net encoder−decoder paradigm, and cross-domain knowledge is transferred for plaque segmentation by fine-tuning the pretrained ResNet-50. Moreover, a cropped-blood-vessel image augmentation is customized for the plaque position constraint during training only. Moreover, hybrid atrous convolutions (HACs) are designed to derive diverse long-range dependences for refined plaque segmentation that are used on high-level semantic layers to exploit the implicit discrimination features. The experiments are performed on 115 images; Firstly, the 10-fold cross-validation, using 40 images with severe stenosis plaques, shows that the proposed method outperforms some of the state-of-the-art CNN-based methods on Dice, IoU, Acc, and modified Hausdorff distance (MHD) metrics; the improvements on metrics of Dice and MHD are statistically significant (p < 0.05). Furthermore, our HRU-Net transfer learning method shows fine generalization performance on 75 new images with varying degrees of plaque stenosis, and it may be used as an alternative for automatic noisy plaque segmentation in carotid ultrasound images clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchao Yuan
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Telemedicine and Telehealth, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
- Hefei Innovation Research Institute, Beihang University, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Cancheng Li
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Hefei Innovation Research Institute, Beihang University, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Vascular Ultrasonography, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yang Hua
- Department of Vascular Ultrasonography, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
- Beijing Diagnostic Center of Vascular Ultrasound, Beijing 100053, China
- Center of Vascular Ultrasonography, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jicong Zhang
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Hefei Innovation Research Institute, Beihang University, Hefei 230012, China
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Carotid Ultrasound Boundary Study (CUBS): Technical considerations on an open multi-center analysis of computerized measurement systems for intima-media thickness measurement on common carotid artery longitudinal B-mode ultrasound scans. Comput Biol Med 2022; 144:105333. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.105333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Subramaniam S, Jayanthi KB, Rajasekaran C, Sunder C. Measurement of Intima-Media Thickness Depending on Intima Media Complex Segmentation by Deep Neural Networks. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL IMAGING AND HEALTH INFORMATICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1166/jmihi.2021.3841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Intima Media Thickness (IMT) of the carotid artery is an important marker indicating the sign of cardiovascular disease. Automated measurement of IMT requires segmentation of intima media complex (IMC).Traditional methods which use shape, color and texture for classification have poor
generalization capability. This paper proposes two models- the pipeline model and the end-to-end model using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and auto encoder–decoder network respectively. CNN architecture is implemented and tested by varying the number of convolutional layer, size
of the kernel as well as the number of kernels. Auto encoder–decoder performs pixel wise classification using two interconnected pathways for identifying the boundary of lumen-intima (LI) and media adventitia (MA). This helps in reconstruction of the segmented portion for measurement
of IMT. Both methods are tested using a dataset of 550 subjects. The results clearly indicate that end-to-end model has an edge over the pipeline model exhibiting lesser deviation between the automated measurement and the measurement made by the radiologist. The pipeline model however has
better segmentation accuracy when the size of the image used for training is small. The convolutional neural network with auto encoder–decoder proves robust through sparse representation, and faster learning with better generalization. Also, the experimental setup is analyzed by interconnecting
Tensor flow simulated result with Raspberry PI and the outcomes are analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudha Subramaniam
- Research Scholar, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, K. S. Rangasamy College of Technology, Tiruchengode 637215, India
| | - K. B. Jayanthi
- School of Electrical Sciences, K. S. Rangasamy College of Technology, Tiruchengode 637215, India
| | - C. Rajasekaran
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, K. S. Rangasamy College of Technology, Tiruchengode 637215, India
| | - C. Sunder
- Senior Consultant, Apollo Hospitals, Chennai 600081, India
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Jiang M, Zhao Y, Chiu B. Segmentation of common and internal carotid arteries from 3D ultrasound images based on adaptive triple loss. Med Phys 2021; 48:5096-5114. [PMID: 34309866 DOI: 10.1002/mp.15127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Vessel wall volume (VWV) and localized vessel-wall-plus-plaque thickness (VWT) measured from three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound (US) carotid images are sensitive to anti-atherosclerotic effects of medical/dietary treatments. VWV and VWT measurements require the lumen-intima (LIB) and media-adventitia boundaries (MAB) at the common and internal carotid arteries (CCA and ICA). However, most existing segmentation techniques were capable of segmenting the CCA only. An approach capable of segmenting the MAB and LIB from the CCA and ICA was required to accelerate VWV and VWT quantification. METHODS Segmentation for CCA and ICA was performed independently using the proposed two-channel U-Net, which was driven by a novel loss function known as the adaptive triple Dice loss (ADTL) function. The training set was augmented by interpolating manual segmentation along the longitudinal direction, thereby taking continuity of the artery into account. A test-time augmentation (TTA) approach was applied, in which segmentation was performed three times based on the input axial images and its flipped versions; the final segmentation was generated by pixel-wise majority voting. RESULTS Experiments involving 224 3DUS volumes produce a Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) of 95.1% ± 4.1% and 91.6% ± 6.6% for the MAB and LIB, in the CCA, respectively, and 94.2% ± 3.3% and 89.0% ± 8.1% for the MAB and LIB, in the ICA, respectively. TTA and ATDL independently contributed to a statistically significant improvement to all boundaries except the LIB in ICA. CONCLUSIONS The proposed two-channel U-Net with ADTL and TTA can segment the CCA and ICA accurately and efficiently from the 3DUS volume. Our approach has the potential to accelerate the transition of 3DUS measurements of carotid atherosclerosis to clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjie Jiang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yuan Zhao
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Bernard Chiu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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14
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Morita Y, Kariya T, El-Bashir J, Galusca D, Guruswamy J, Tanaka K. TEE image quality improvement with our devised probe cover. Echocardiography 2021; 38:1496-1502. [PMID: 34296438 DOI: 10.1111/echo.15155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE(S) Our hypothesis was that our devised transesophageal echocardiography probe cover with the capacity for pinpoint suction would improve image quality. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING Single tertiary medical center. PARTICIPANTS Patients undergoing surgery requiring intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography. INTERVENTIONS Suctioning with inserted orogastric tube. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Changes in image quality with suctioning were assessed by 2 methods. In method #1, investigators categorized the quality of all acquired images on a numeric scale based on each investigator's impression (1: very poor, 2: poor, 3: acceptable, 4: good, and 5: very good). In method #2, the reproducibility of the left ventricular fraction area change (LV FAC) was assessed, assuming that improved transgastric midpapillary short-axis view image quality would yield better LV FAC reproducibility. With method #1, for midesophageal views, 26.5%, 70.5%, and 3.0% of images showed improved, the same, and worsened image quality, respectively. For transgastric views, 55.3%, 43.3%, and 1.4% showed improved, the same, and worsened image quality, respectively. For deep transgastric views, 60.0%, 38.0%, and 2.0% showed improved, the same, and worsened image quality, respectively. With method #2, the presuction group had an ICC of 0.942 (95% CI: 0.91, 0.965). The postsuction group had an ICC of 0.988 (95% CI: 0.981, 0.993). CONCLUSIONS Our investigation validates the potential image quality improvement withour devised TEE probe cover. However, its clinical validity needs to be confirmed by further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihisa Morita
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Taro Kariya
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jaber El-Bashir
- Department of Anesthesiology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Dragos Galusca
- Department of Anesthesiology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Jayakar Guruswamy
- Department of Anesthesiology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Kenichi Tanaka
- Department of Anesthesiology, Oklahoma University, Oklahoma, Oklahoma, USA
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15
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Biswas M, Saba L, Omerzu T, Johri AM, Khanna NN, Viskovic K, Mavrogeni S, Laird JR, Pareek G, Miner M, Balestrieri A, Sfikakis PP, Protogerou A, Misra DP, Agarwal V, Kitas GD, Kolluri R, Sharma A, Viswanathan V, Ruzsa Z, Nicolaides A, Suri JS. A Review on Joint Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and Plaque Area Measurement in Ultrasound for Cardiovascular/Stroke Risk Monitoring: Artificial Intelligence Framework. J Digit Imaging 2021; 34:581-604. [PMID: 34080104 PMCID: PMC8329154 DOI: 10.1007/s10278-021-00461-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the top ten leading causes of death worldwide. Atherosclerosis disease in the arteries is the main cause of the CVD, leading to myocardial infarction and stroke. The two primary image-based phenotypes used for monitoring the atherosclerosis burden is carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and plaque area (PA). Earlier segmentation and measurement methods were based on ad hoc conventional and semi-automated digital imaging solutions, which are unreliable, tedious, slow, and not robust. This study reviews the modern and automated methods such as artificial intelligence (AI)-based. Machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) can provide automated techniques in the detection and measurement of cIMT and PA from carotid vascular images. Both ML and DL techniques are examples of supervised learning, i.e., learn from "ground truth" images and transformation of test images that are not part of the training. This review summarizes (1) the evolution and impact of the fast-changing AI technology on cIMT/PA measurement, (2) the mathematical representations of ML/DL methods, and (3) segmentation approaches for cIMT/PA regions in carotid scans based for (a) region-of-interest detection and (b) lumen-intima and media-adventitia interface detection using ML/DL frameworks. AI-based methods for cIMT/PA segmentation have emerged for CVD/stroke risk monitoring and may expand to the recommended parameters for atherosclerosis assessment by carotid ultrasound.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luca Saba
- Department of Radiology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria (A.O.U.), Cagliari, Italy
| | - Tomaž Omerzu
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Amer M Johri
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Narendra N Khanna
- Department of Cardiology, Indraprastha APOLLO Hospitals, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Sophie Mavrogeni
- Cardiology Clinic, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece
| | - John R Laird
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Adventist Health St. Helena, St Helena, CA, USA
| | - Gyan Pareek
- Minimally Invasive Urology Institute, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Martin Miner
- Men's Health Center, Miriam Hospital Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Antonella Balestrieri
- Department of Radiology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria (A.O.U.), Cagliari, Italy
| | - Petros P Sfikakis
- Rheumatology Unit, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Vikas Agarwal
- Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - George D Kitas
- Academic Affairs, Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust, Dudley, UK
- Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, Manchester University, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Aditya Sharma
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Vijay Viswanathan
- MV Hospital for Diabetes and Professor M Viswanathan Diabetes Research Centre, Chennai, India
| | - Zoltan Ruzsa
- Invasive Cardiology Division, University of Szeged, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrew Nicolaides
- Vascular Screening and Diagnostic Centre, University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Jasjit S Suri
- Stroke Monitoring and Diagnostic Division, AtheroPoint™, Roseville, CA, 95661, USA.
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16
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Qorchi S, Vray D, Orkisz M. Estimating Arterial Wall Deformations from Automatic Key-Point Detection and Matching. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2021; 47:1367-1376. [PMID: 33602552 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Assessing arterial-wall motion and deformations may reveal pathologic alterations in biomechanical properties of the parietal tissues and, thus, contribute to the detection of vascular disease onset. Ultrasound image sequences allow the observation of this motion and many methods have been developed to estimate temporal changes in artery diameter and wall thickness and to track 2-D displacements of selected points. Some methods enable the assessment of shearing or stretching within the wall, but none of them can estimate all these deformations simultaneously. The method herein proposed was devised to simultaneously estimate translation, compression, stretching and shearing of the arterial wall in ultrasound B-mode image sequences representing the carotid artery longitudinal section. Salient blob-like patterns, called key points, are automatically detected in each frame and matched between successive frames. A robust estimator based on an affine transformation model is then used to assess frame-to-frame motion explaining at best the key-point matches and to reject outliers. Realistic simulated image sequences were used to evaluate the accuracy and robustness of the method against ground truth. The method was also visually assessed on clinical image sequences, for which true deformations are unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Qorchi
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSA-Lyon, CNRS, Inserm, CREATIS UMR 5220, U1294, F-69621, Lyon, France
| | - Didier Vray
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSA-Lyon, CNRS, Inserm, CREATIS UMR 5220, U1294, F-69621, Lyon, France
| | - Maciej Orkisz
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSA-Lyon, CNRS, Inserm, CREATIS UMR 5220, U1294, F-69621, Lyon, France.
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17
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Lian S, Luo Z, Feng C, Li S, Li S. APRIL: Anatomical prior-guided reinforcement learning for accurate carotid lumen diameter and intima-media thickness measurement. Med Image Anal 2021; 71:102040. [PMID: 33789178 DOI: 10.1016/j.media.2021.102040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Carotid artery lumen diameter (CALD) and carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT) are essential factors for estimating the risk of many cardiovascular diseases. The automatic measurement of them in ultrasound (US) images is an efficient assisting diagnostic procedure. Despite the advances, existing methods still suffer the issue of low measuring accuracy and poor prediction stability, mainly due to the following disadvantages: (1) ignore anatomical prior and prone to give anatomically inaccurate estimation; (2) require carefully designed post-processing, which may introduce more estimation errors; (3) rely on massive pixel-wise annotations during training; (4) can not estimate the uncertainty of the predictions. In this study, we propose the Anatomical Prior-guided ReInforcement Learning model (APRIL), which innovatively formulate the measurement of CALD & CIMT as an RL problem and dynamically incorporate anatomical prior (AP) into the system through a novel reward. With the guidance of AP, the designed keypoints in APRIL can avoid various anatomy impossible mis-locations, and accurately measure the CALD & CIMT based on their corresponding locations. Moreover, this formulation significantly reduces human annotation effort by only using several keypoints and can help to eliminate the extra post-processing steps. Further, we introduce an uncertainty module for measuring the prediction variance, which can guide us to adaptively rectify the estimation of those frames with considerable uncertainty. Experiments on a challenging carotid US dataset show that APRIL can achieve MAE (in pixel/mm) of 3.02±2.23 / 0.18±0.13 for CALD, and 0.96±0.70 / 0.06±0.04 for CIMT, which significantly surpass popular approaches that use more annotations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Lian
- Department of Artificial Intelligence, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China; Digital Image Group (DIG), London, ON, Canada; School of Biomedical Engineering, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Zhiming Luo
- Department of Artificial Intelligence, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
| | - Cheng Feng
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Third Peoples Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaozi Li
- Department of Artificial Intelligence, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
| | - Shuo Li
- Digital Image Group (DIG), London, ON, Canada; School of Biomedical Engineering, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
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18
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Wang K, Pu Y, Zhang Y, Wang P. Fully Automatic Measurement of Intima-Media Thickness in Ultrasound Images of the Common Carotid Artery Based on Improved Otsu's Method and Adaptive Wind Driven Optimization. ULTRASONIC IMAGING 2020; 42:245-260. [PMID: 32948101 DOI: 10.1177/0161734620956897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The intima media thickness (IMT) of the common carotid artery (CCA) can be used to predict the risk of atherosclerosis. Many image segmentation techniques have been used for IMT measurement. However, severe noise in the ultrasound image can lead to erroneous segmentation results. To improve the robustness to noise, a fully automatic method, based on an improved Otsu's method and an adaptive wind-driven optimization technique, is proposed for estimating the IMT (denoted as "improved Otsu-AWDO"). First, an advanced despeckling filter, i.e., " Nagare's filter" is used to address the speckle noise in the carotid ultrasound images. Next, an improved fuzzy contrast method (IFC) is used to enhance the region of the intima media complex (IMC) in the blurred filtered images. Then, a new method is used for automatic extraction of the region of interest (ROI). Finally, the lumen intima interface and media adventitia interface are segmented from the IMC using improved Otsu-AWDO. Then, 156 B-mode longitudinal carotid ultrasound images of six different datasets are used to evaluate the performance of the automatic measurements. The results indicate that the absolute error of proposed method is only 10.1 ± 9.6 (mean ± std in μm). Moreover, the proposed method has a correlation coefficient as high as 0.9922, and a bias as low as 0.0007. From comparison with previous methods, we can conclude that the proposed method has strong robustness and can provide accurate IMT estimations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, School of Information Science and Engineering, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Pu
- Internet of Things Technology and Application Key Laboratory of Universities in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, School of Information Science and Engineering, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Pei Wang
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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19
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Qian C, Su E, Yang X. Segmentation of the Common Carotid Intima-Media Complex in Ultrasound Images Using 2-D Continuous Max-Flow and Stacked Sparse Auto-encoder. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2020; 46:3104-3124. [PMID: 32888749 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2020.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The intima-media thickness (IMT) of a common carotid artery in an ultrasound image is considered an important indicator of the onset of atherosclerosis. However, it is challenging to segment the intima-media complex (IMC) directly in ultrasound images. This study proposes a fully automatic method to segment the IMC on longitudinal B-mode ultrasound images. Our method consists of two stages: (i) extraction of the region of interest with a continuous max-flow algorithm and region-of-interest reconstruction using a stacked sparse auto-encoder model, and (ii) IMC segmentation using a trained random forest classifier. The proposed method has been tested on three databases from three different imaging centres, comprising a total of 228 ultrasound images of the common carotid artery. On the three databases, our method yields mean absolute errors of 0.028 ± 0.016 mm, 0.579 ± 0.288 pixel and 0.582 ± 0.341 pixel; polyline distance (PD) measures of 0.026 ± 0.017 mm, 0.657 ± 0.275 pixel and 0.731 ± 0:282 pixel; Hausdorff distance measures of 0.249 ± 0.101 mm, 4.760 ± 1.085 pixels and 5.825 ± 2.059 pixels; and correlation coefficients of 95.19%, 93.79%, and 98.96%, respectively. These results indicate that the proposed method performs well in segmentation of the IMC and measurement of the IMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjun Qian
- Department of Intelligent Development Platform, Laundry Division of Midea Group, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; School of Science, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Enjie Su
- Chinese Medical Hospital of Wujin, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoping Yang
- Department of Mathematics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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20
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Iglesias C, Luo L, Martínez J, Kelly DJ, Taboada J, Pérez I. Obtaining the sGAG distribution profile in articular cartilage color images. BIOMED ENG-BIOMED TE 2019; 64:591-600. [PMID: 30951496 DOI: 10.1515/bmt-2018-0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The articular cartilage tissue is an essential component of joints as it reduces the friction between the two bones. Its load-bearing properties depend mostly on proteoglycan distribution, which can be analyzed through the study of the presence of sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG). Currently, sGAG distribution in articular cartilage is not completely known; it is calculated by means of laboratory tests that imply the inherent inaccuracy of a manual procedure. This paper presents an easy-to-use desktop software application for obtaining the sGAG distribution profile in tissue. This app uses color images of stained cartilage tissues taken under a microscope, so researchers at the Trinity Centre for Bioengineering (Dublin, Ireland) can understand the qualitative distribution of sGAG with depth in the studied tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Iglesias
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Engineering, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Lu Luo
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | | | - Daniel J Kelly
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Javier Taboada
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Engineering, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Ignacio Pérez
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Engineering, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
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21
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Lee K, Kang I, Mack WJ, Mortimer J, Sattler F, Salem G, Lu J, Dieli-Conwright CM. Effects of high-intensity interval training on vascular endothelial function and vascular wall thickness in breast cancer patients receiving anthracycline-based chemotherapy: a randomized pilot study. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2019; 177:477-485. [PMID: 31236810 PMCID: PMC6661195 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-019-05332-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of an 8-week high-intensity interval training (HIIT) intervention on vascular endothelial function, measured as brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (baFMD), and vascular wall thickness measured by carotid intima media thickness (cIMT) in breast cancer patients undergoing anthracycline-based chemotherapy. METHODS Thirty women were randomized to either HIIT or non-exercise control groups (CON). The HIIT group participated in an 8-week HIIT intervention occurring three times per week on a cycle ergometer. The CON group was offered the HIIT intervention after 8 weeks. baFMD was measured from the brachial artery diameter at baseline (D0) and 1 min after cuff deflation (D1); percent change was calculated by measuring brachial artery diameter after cuff deflation relative to the baseline [baFMD = (D1 - D0)/D0 × 100]. The cIMT was obtained from the posterior wall of common carotid artery 10 mm below the carotid bulb. Paired t test and repeated measures ANCOVA were performed to assess changes in baFMD and cIMT. RESULTS At baseline, the HIIT (n = 15) and CON (n = 15) groups did not differ by age (46.9 ± 9.8 years), BMI (31.0 ± 7.5 kg/m2), and blood pressure (123.4 ± 16.8/72.3.9 ± 5.6 mmHg). Post-exercise, baFMD significantly increased [4.3; 95% confidence interval (CI): (1.5, 7.0), p = 0.005] in HIIT versus CON group. cIMT did not significantly change [0.003, 95% CI - 0.004, 0.009), p = 0.40] in HIIT group, while IMT significantly increased from baseline to post-intervention (0.009, 95% CI 0.004, 0.010, p = 0.003) in CON group. CONCLUSION This study may suggest that HIIT improved vascular endothelial function and maintained wall thickness in breast cancer patients undergoing anthracycline-based chemotherapy. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02454777.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyuwan Lee
- Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California (USC), 1540 E. Alcazar St., CHP 155, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Irene Kang
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Wendy J Mack
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Joanne Mortimer
- Division of Medical Oncology & Experimental Therapeutics, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Fred Sattler
- Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California (USC), 1540 E. Alcazar St., CHP 155, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - George Salem
- Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California (USC), 1540 E. Alcazar St., CHP 155, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Janice Lu
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Christina M Dieli-Conwright
- Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California (USC), 1540 E. Alcazar St., CHP 155, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
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22
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Hassan M, Murtza I, Hira A, Ali S, Kifayat K. Robust spatial fuzzy GMM based MRI segmentation and carotid artery plaque detection in ultrasound images. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2019; 175:179-192. [PMID: 31104706 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2019.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE In medical image analysis for disease diagnosis, segmentation is one of the challenging tasks. Owing to the inherited degradations in MRI improper segments are produced. Segmentation process is an important step in brain tissue analysis. Moreover, an early detection of plaque in carotid artery using ultrasound images may prevent serious brain strokes. Unfortunately, low quality and noisy ultrasound images are still challenges for accurate segmentation. The objective of this research is to develop a robust segmentation approach for medical images such as brain MRI and carotid artery ultrasound images. METHODS In this paper, a novel approach is proposed to address the segmentation challenges of medical images. The proposed approach employed fuzzy intelligence and Gaussian mixture model (GMM). It comprises two phases; firstly, incorporating spatial fuzzy c-means in GMM by exploiting statistical, texture, and wavelet image features. During model development, GMM parameters are estimated in presence of noise by EM algorithm iteratively. Utilizing these parameters, brain MRI images are segmented. In next phase, developed approach is applied to solve a real problem of carotid artery plaque detection using ultrasound images. The dataset of real patients annotated by radiologists has been obtained from Radiology Department, Shifa International Hospital Islamabad, Pakistan. For this, intima-media-thickness values are computed from the proposed segmentation followed by support vector machines for plaque classification (normal/abnormal). RESULTS The obtained segmentation has been evaluated on standard brain MRI dataset and offers high segmentation accuracy of 99.2%. The proposed approach outperforms in term of segmentation performance range of 3-9% as compared to the state of the art approaches on brain MRI. Furthermore, the proposed approach shows robustness to various levels of Gaussian and Rician image noises. On carotid artery dataset, we have obtained high plaque detection rate in terms of accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and F-score values of 98.8%, 99.3%, 98.0%, and 97.5% respectively. CONCLUSIONS The proposed approach segments both modalities with high precision and shows robustness at Gaussian and Rician noise levels. Results for brain MRI and ultrasound images indicate its effectiveness and can be used as second opinion in addition to the radiologists. The developed approach is straightforward, efficient, and reproducible. It may benefit to improve the clinical evaluation of the disease in both asymptomatic and symptomatic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Hassan
- Department of Computer Science, Air University Sector E-9, PAF Complex, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Iqbal Murtza
- Department of Computer Science, Air University Sector E-9, PAF Complex, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Aysha Hira
- Department of Computer Science, Air University Sector E-9, PAF Complex, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Safdar Ali
- Directorate General National Repository, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Kashif Kifayat
- Department of Computer Science, Air University Sector E-9, PAF Complex, Islamabad, Pakistan
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23
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Morita Y, Marzbani K, Kinoshita H, El-Bashir J, Galusca D, Han X, Modak R. Potential for Orogastric Tube Attached Transesophageal Echocardiography to Improve Intraoperative Image Quality. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2018; 32:e14-e16. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2018.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Nagaraj Y, Hema Sai Teja A, Narasimhadhan AV. Automatic Segmentation of Intima Media Complex in Carotid Ultrasound Images Using Support Vector Machine. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-018-3549-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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25
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Zhao S, Gao Z, Zhang H, Xie Y, Luo J, Ghista D, Wei Z, Bi X, Xiong H, Xu C, Li S. Robust Segmentation of Intima–Media Borders With Different Morphologies and Dynamics During the Cardiac Cycle. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform 2018; 22:1571-1582. [DOI: 10.1109/jbhi.2017.2776246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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26
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Lee K, Kang I, Mortimer JE, Sattler F, Mack WJ, Fitzsimons LA, Salem G, Dieli-Conwright CM. Effects of high-intensity interval training on vascular function in breast cancer survivors undergoing anthracycline chemotherapy: design of a pilot study. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e022622. [PMID: 29961039 PMCID: PMC6042553 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality is higher among breast cancer survivors (BCS) who receive chemotherapy compared with those not receiving chemotherapy. Anthracycline chemotherapy is of particular concern due to anthracycline-related impairment of vascular endothelial cells and dysregulation of the extracellular matrix. One strategy proven to offset these impairments is a form of exercise known as high-intensity interval training (HIIT). HIIT improves endothelial function in non-cancer populations by decreasing oxidative stress, the main contributor to anthracycline-induced vascular dysfunction. The purpose of this pilot study is to assess the feasibility of an 8-week HIIT, as well as the HIIT effects on endothelial function and extracellular matrix remodelling, in BCS undergoing anthracycline chemotherapy. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Thirty BCS are randomised to either HIIT, an 8-week HIIT intervention occurring three times per week (seven alternating bouts of 90% of peak power output followed by 10% peak power output), or delayed group (DEL). Feasibility of HIIT is assessed by (1) the percentage of completed exercise sessions and (2) the number of minutes of exercise completed over the course of the study. Vascular function is assessed using brachial artery flow-mediated dilation and carotid intima media thickness. Extracellular matrix remodelling is assessed by the level of matrix metalloproteinases in the plasma. A repeated-measures analysis of covariance model will be performed with group (HIIT and DEL group) and time (pre/post assessment) as independent factors. We hypothesise that HIIT will be feasible in BCS undergoing anthracycline chemotherapy, and that HIIT will improve endothelial function and extracellular matrix remodelling, compared with the DEL group. Success of this study will provide evidence of feasibility and efficacy to support a larger definitive trial which will impact cancer survivorship by decreasing anthracycline-induced vascular dysfunction, thereby benefiting cardiovascular markers that are related to CVD risk. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This trial was approved by the University of Southern California Institutional Review Board (HS-15-00227). TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02454777; Pre-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyuwan Lee
- Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Irene Kang
- Department of Medicine, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Joanne E Mortimer
- Division of Medical Oncology and Experimental Therapeutics, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Fred Sattler
- Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Wendy J Mack
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - George Salem
- Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Christina M Dieli-Conwright
- Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, California, USA
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27
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Qian C, Yang X. An integrated method for atherosclerotic carotid plaque segmentation in ultrasound image. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2018; 153:19-32. [PMID: 29157451 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Carotid artery atherosclerosis is an important cause of stroke. Ultrasound imaging has been widely used in the diagnosis of atherosclerosis. Therefore, segmenting atherosclerotic carotid plaque in ultrasound image is an important task. Accurate plaque segmentation is helpful for the measurement of carotid plaque burden. In this paper, we propose and evaluate a novel learning-based integrated framework for plaque segmentation. METHODS In our study, four different classification algorithms, along with the auto-context iterative algorithm, were employed to effectively integrate features from ultrasound images and later also the iteratively estimated and refined probability maps together for pixel-wise classification. The four classification algorithms were support vector machine with linear kernel, support vector machine with radial basis function kernel, AdaBoost and random forest. The plaque segmentation was implemented in the generated probability map. The performance of the four different learning-based plaque segmentation methods was tested on 29 B-mode ultrasound images. The evaluation indices for our proposed methods were consisted of sensitivity, specificity, Dice similarity coefficient, overlap index, error of area, absolute error of area, point-to-point distance, and Hausdorff point-to-point distance, along with the area under the ROC curve. RESULTS The segmentation method integrated the random forest and an auto-context model obtained the best results (sensitivity 80.4 ± 8.4%, specificity 96.5 ± 2.0%, Dice similarity coefficient 81.0 ± 4.1%, overlap index 68.3 ± 5.8%, error of area -1.02 ± 18.3%, absolute error of area 14.7 ± 10.9%, point-to-point distance 0.34 ± 0.10 mm, Hausdorff point-to-point distance 1.75 ± 1.02 mm, and area under the ROC curve 0.897), which were almost the best, compared with that from the existed methods. CONCLUSIONS Our proposed learning-based integrated framework investigated in this study could be useful for atherosclerotic carotid plaque segmentation, which will be helpful for the measurement of carotid plaque burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjun Qian
- School of Science, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiaoping Yang
- School of Science, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Jiangsu, China; Department of Mathematics, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, China
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28
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Patel AK, Suri HS, Singh J, Kumar D, Shafique S, Nicolaides A, Jain SK, Saba L, Gupta A, Laird JR, Giannopoulos A, Suri JS. A Review on Atherosclerotic Biology, Wall Stiffness, Physics of Elasticity, and Its Ultrasound-Based Measurement. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2017; 18:83. [PMID: 27830569 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-016-0635-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Functional and structural changes in the common carotid artery are biomarkers for cardiovascular risk. Current methods for measuring functional changes include pulse wave velocity, compliance, distensibility, strain, stress, stiffness, and elasticity derived from arterial waveforms. The review is focused on the ultrasound-based carotid artery elasticity and stiffness measurements covering the physics of elasticity and linking it to biological evolution of arterial stiffness. The paper also presents evolution of plaque with a focus on the pathophysiologic cascade leading to arterial hardening. Using the concept of strain, and image-based elasticity, the paper then reviews the lumen diameter and carotid intima-media thickness measurements in combined temporal and spatial domains. Finally, the review presents the factors which influence the understanding of atherosclerotic disease formation and cardiovascular risk including arterial stiffness, tissue morphological characteristics, and image-based elasticity measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoop K Patel
- Department of Computer Engineering, NIT, Kurukshetra, India
| | | | - Jaskaran Singh
- Department of Computer Engineering, NIT, Kurukshetra, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Point-of-Care Devices, Global Biomedical Technologies, Inc., Roseville, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Sanjay K Jain
- Department of Computer Engineering, NIT, Kurukshetra, India
| | - Luca Saba
- Department of Radiology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Ajay Gupta
- Radiology Department, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - John R Laird
- UC Davis Vascular Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Jasjit S Suri
- Vascular Diagnostic Center, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus. .,Monitoring and Diagnostic Division, AtheroPoint™, Roseville, CA, USA. .,Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Idaho (Affl.), Moscow, ID, USA. .,Diagnosis and Stroke Monitoring Division, AtheroPoint™, Roseville, CA, USA.
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29
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Pereira F, Bueno A, Rodriguez A, Perrin D, Marx G, Cardinale M, Salgo I, Del Nido P. Automated detection of coarctation of aorta in neonates from two-dimensional echocardiograms. J Med Imaging (Bellingham) 2017; 4:014502. [PMID: 28149925 DOI: 10.1117/1.jmi.4.1.014502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Coarctation of aorta (CoA) is a critical congenital heart defect (CCHD) that requires accurate and immediate diagnosis and treatment. Current newborn screening methods to detect CoA lack both in sensitivity and specificity, and when suspected in a newborn, it must be confirmed using specialized imaging and expert diagnosis, both of which are usually unavailable at tertiary birthing centers. We explore the feasibility of applying machine learning methods to reliably determine the presence of this difficult-to-diagnose cardiac abnormality from ultrasound image data. We propose a framework that uses deep learning-based machine learning methods for fully automated detection of CoA from two-dimensional ultrasound clinical data acquired in the parasternal long axis view, the apical four chamber view, and the suprasternal notch view. On a validation set consisting of 26 CoA and 64 normal patients our algorithm achieved a total error rate of 12.9% (11.5% false-negative error and 13.6% false-positive error) when combining decisions of classifiers over three standard echocardiographic view planes. This compares favorably with published results that combine clinical assessments with pulse oximetry to detect CoA (71% sensitivity).
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Affiliation(s)
- Franklin Pereira
- Philips Ultrasound Inc. , 3000 Minuteman Road, Andover, Massachusetts 02176, United States
| | - Alejandra Bueno
- Boston Children's Hospital , Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Andrea Rodriguez
- Boston Children's Hospital , Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Douglas Perrin
- Boston Children's Hospital , Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Gerald Marx
- Boston Children's Hospital , Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Michael Cardinale
- Philips Ultrasound Inc. , 3000 Minuteman Road, Andover, Massachusetts 02176, United States
| | - Ivan Salgo
- Philips Ultrasound Inc. , 3000 Minuteman Road, Andover, Massachusetts 02176, United States
| | - Pedro Del Nido
- Boston Children's Hospital , Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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30
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Zahnd G, Kapellas K, van Hattem M, van Dijk A, Sérusclat A, Moulin P, van der Lugt A, Skilton M, Orkisz M. A Fully-Automatic Method to Segment the Carotid Artery Layers in Ultrasound Imaging: Application to Quantify the Compression-Decompression Pattern of the Intima-Media Complex During the Cardiac Cycle. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2017; 43:239-257. [PMID: 27742139 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2016.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to introduce and evaluate a contour segmentation method to extract the interfaces of the intima-media complex in carotid B-mode ultrasound images. The method was applied to assess the temporal variation of intima-media thickness during the cardiac cycle. The main methodological contribution of the proposed approach is the introduction of an augmented dimension to process 2-D images in a 3-D space. The third dimension, which is added to the two spatial dimensions of the image, corresponds to the tentative local thickness of the intima-media complex. The method is based on a dynamic programming scheme that runs in a 3-D space generated with a shape-adapted filter bank. The optimal solution corresponds to a single medial axis representation that fully describes the two anatomical interfaces of the arterial wall. The method is fully automatic and does not require any input from the user. The method was trained on 60 subjects and validated on 184 other subjects from six different cohorts and four different medical centers. The arterial wall was successfully segmented in all analyzed images (average pixel size = 57 ± 20 mm), with average segmentation errors of 47 ± 70 mm for the lumen-intima interface, 55 ± 68 mm for the media-adventitia interface and 66 ± 90 mm for the intima-media thickness. The amplitude of the temporal variations in IMT during the cardiac cycle was significantly higher in the diseased population than in healthy volunteers (106 ± 48 vs. 86 ± 34 mm, p = 0.001). The introduced framework is a promising approach to investigate an emerging functional parameter of the arterial wall by assessing the cyclic compression-decompression pattern of the tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Zahnd
- Biomedical Imaging Group Rotterdam, Departments of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine and Medical Informatics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Kostas Kapellas
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, School of Dentistry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Martijn van Hattem
- Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anouk van Dijk
- Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - André Sérusclat
- Department of Radiology, Louis Pradel Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Philippe Moulin
- Department of Endocrinology, Louis Pradel Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Aad van der Lugt
- Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Skilton
- Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise and Eating Disorders, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Maciej Orkisz
- Univ Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Université Lyon 1, UJM-Saint Etienne, CNRS, Inserm, CREATIS UMR 5220, U1206, F-69621, Lyon, France
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31
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Menchón-Lara RM, Sancho-Gómez JL, Bueno-Crespo A. Early-stage atherosclerosis detection using deep learning over carotid ultrasound images. Appl Soft Comput 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.asoc.2016.08.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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32
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Robust segmentation and intelligent decision system for cerebrovascular disease. Med Biol Eng Comput 2016; 54:1903-1920. [DOI: 10.1007/s11517-016-1481-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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33
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Li H, Zhang S, Ma R, Chen H, Xi S, Zhang J, Fang J. Ultrasound intima-media thickness measurement of the carotid artery using ant colony optimization combined with a curvelet-based orientation-selective filter. Med Phys 2016; 43:1795. [PMID: 27036577 DOI: 10.1118/1.4943567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Automatic measurement of the intima-media thickness (IMT) from ultrasound carotid images is an important task in clinical diagnosis. Many computer-based techniques for IMT measurement have been proposed to overcome the limits of manual segmentation. However, the robustness of the algorithms would be influenced by the inherent speckle noise of ultrasound image. This paper proposed a curvelet guided ant colony optimization (CGACO) strategy that could achieve satisfied accuracy for IMT measurement with improved robustness to noise. METHODS The curvelet-based orientation-selective (CBOS) filter was first introduced for speckle removal and edge enhancement. Different from conventional methods, CBOS filter processes the curvelet coefficients by orientations rather than by magnitude. Then, a specially designed two-leg ant colony optimization technique, combined with Otsu thresholding and Sobel edge detector, was proposed as a novel segmentation method to extract the media-adventitia (MA) and the lumen-intima (LI) boundaries. Finally, a coupled snake model was employed to further smooth the contours of MA and LI. RESULTS In addition to 224 carotid artery images acquired from 34 participants, simulated speckled images with nine levels of noise were also included in the database. The mean absolute distance errors of CGACO for LI interface tracings, MA interface tracings, and IMT measurements were 0.030 ± 0.027, 0.039 ± 0.036, and 0.041 ± 0.036 mm, respectively. Besides, CGACO had a correlation coefficient as high as 0.992 and a bias as low as -0.008. All these measures were comparable to or better than a previous technique and the manual segmentation. On the other hand, CGACO had the highest success rate of 98.7% in the segmentation of real data. It also maintained a much higher success rate in the segmentation of simulated images with different levels of speckle noise. CONCLUSIONS The proposed technique showed accurate IMT measurement results. Furthermore, benefiting from the CBOS filter, the robustness to noise of the algorithm was substantially improved. Therefore, CGACO could provide a reliable way to segment the carotid artery from ultrasound images and could be used in clinical practice of IMT measurement, particularly in early atherosclerotic stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Academy of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shijie Zhang
- Academy of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Rui Ma
- VINNO Technology Co., Ltd., Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Huiren Chen
- VINNO Technology Co., Ltd., Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Shui Xi
- VINNO Technology Co., Ltd., Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jue Zhang
- Academy of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China and College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jing Fang
- Academy of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China and College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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34
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Xiao L, Li Q, Bai Y, Zhang L, Tang J. Automated Measurement Method of Common Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness in Ultrasound Image Based on Markov Random Field Models. J Med Biol Eng 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40846-015-0074-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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35
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Using Machine Learning Techniques for the Automatic Detection of Arterial Wall Layers in Carotid Ultrasounds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-19695-4_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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36
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Menchón-Lara RM, Sancho-Gómez JL. Fully automatic segmentation of ultrasound common carotid artery images based on machine learning. Neurocomputing 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neucom.2014.09.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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37
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Bastida-Jumilla M, Menchón-Lara R, Morales-Sánchez J, Verdú-Monedero R, Larrey-Ruiz J, Sancho-Gómez J. Frequency-domain active contours solution to evaluate intima–media thickness of the common carotid artery. Biomed Signal Process Control 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2014.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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38
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A review of ultrasound common carotid artery image and video segmentation techniques. Med Biol Eng Comput 2014; 52:1073-93. [PMID: 25284219 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-014-1203-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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39
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An improved approach for accurate and efficient measurement of common carotid artery intima-media thickness in ultrasound images. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:740328. [PMID: 25215292 PMCID: PMC4157000 DOI: 10.1155/2014/740328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 06/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The intima-media thickness (IMT) of common carotid artery (CCA) can serve as an important indicator for the assessment of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). In this paper an improved approach for automatic IMT measurement with low complexity and high accuracy is presented. 100 ultrasound images from 100 patients were tested with the proposed approach. The ground truth (GT) of the IMT was manually measured for six times and averaged, while the automatic segmented (AS) IMT was computed by the algorithm proposed in this paper. The mean difference ± standard deviation between AS and GT IMT is 0.0231 ± 0.0348 mm, and the correlation coefficient between them is 0.9629. The computational time is 0.3223 s per image with MATLAB under Windows XP on an Intel Core 2 Duo CPU E7500 @2.93 GHz. The proposed algorithm has the potential to achieve real-time measurement under Visual Studio.
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