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Nagasawa T, Kimura Y, Masuda K, Uchiyama H. Effects of Interactions with Cats in Domestic Environment on the Psychological and Physiological State of Their Owners: Associations among Cortisol, Oxytocin, Heart Rate Variability, and Emotions. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2116. [PMID: 37443915 DOI: 10.3390/ani13132116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Interactions with animals, including cats, is believed to influence human health. However, studies that investigate the psychological and physiological effects of interacting with cats in their household environment are limited. In this remote study, 32 cat owners in Japan participated from June to October 2021. They completed two tasks, each on separate days in their homes: one simulating daily cat communication (Interaction condition) and another with no interactions (Rest condition). We quantified emotions (arousal level and pleasure level) before and after each condition using the Two-Dimensional Mood Scale Short-term as well as salivary cortisol and oxytocin levels of owners using enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay. Autonomic nervous activity (sympathetic and parasympathetic) was also quantified by heart rate variability analysis. The free interaction with cats decreased emotional arousal and parasympathetic activity, and lead to increased heart rates in owners. There was a positive correlation between heart rate and cortisol concentration, and between cortisol and oxytocin concentration. Furthermore, the frequency of petting the cats was negatively correlated with the rate of change in the parasympathetic activity. In contrast, the parasympathetic nerves in the owners were activated under the Rest condition. Hence, the mechanism of health-enhancing effects of cat ownership includes an arousing effect, in contrast to the previously proposed stress-reduction effect. This result can aid in future developments in cat-human relationship studies. However, a detailed study with a larger sample size is needed to draw definite conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Nagasawa
- Department of Human and Animal-Plant Relationships, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Funako 1737, Atsugi 243-0034, Japan
| | - Yuichi Kimura
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Funako 1737, Atsugi 243-0034, Japan
| | - Koji Masuda
- Department of Human and Animal-Plant Relationships, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Funako 1737, Atsugi 243-0034, Japan
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Funako 1737, Atsugi 243-0034, Japan
| | - Hidehiko Uchiyama
- Department of Human and Animal-Plant Relationships, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Funako 1737, Atsugi 243-0034, Japan
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Funako 1737, Atsugi 243-0034, Japan
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Grant AD, Upton TJ, Terry JR, Smarr BL, Zavala E. Analysis of wearable time series data in endocrine and metabolic research. CURRENT OPINION IN ENDOCRINE AND METABOLIC RESEARCH 2022; 25:100380. [PMID: 36632470 PMCID: PMC9823090 DOI: 10.1016/j.coemr.2022.100380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Many hormones in the body oscillate with different frequencies and amplitudes, creating a dynamic environment that is essential to maintain health. In humans, disruptions to these rhythms are strongly associated with increased morbidity and mortality. While mathematical models can help us understand rhythm misalignment, translating this insight into personalised healthcare technologies requires solving additional challenges. Here, we discuss how combining minimally invasive, high-frequency biosampling technologies with wearable devices can assist the development of hormonal surrogates. We review bespoke algorithms that can help analyse multidimensional, noisy, time series data and identify wearable signals that could constitute clinical proxies of endocrine rhythms. These techniques can support the development of computational biomarkers to support the diagnosis and management of endocrine and metabolic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azure D. Grant
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, 94720, United States of America
| | - Thomas J. Upton
- Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS1 3NY, United Kingdom
| | - John R. Terry
- Centre for Systems Modelling & Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin L. Smarr
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, 92093, United States of America,Halıcıoğlu Data Science Institute, University of California, San Diego, 92093, United States of America,Corresponding author. Smarr, Benjamin L.
| | - Eder Zavala
- Centre for Systems Modelling & Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, United Kingdom,Corresponding author. Zavala, Eder twitter icon
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Emotional Self-Regulation in Primary Education: A Heart Rate-Variability Biofeedback Intervention Programme. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095475. [PMID: 35564869 PMCID: PMC9099602 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the benefits of using a biofeedback intervention programme to train children in controlling their heart rate variability (HRV) through slow-paced breathing in real time. HRV biofeedback interventions focused on showing subjects to breathe such that their HRV numbers rise, improving their self-regulation. The HRV biofeedback intervention, focused on breathing, was conducted with primary education students aged between 7 and 11 years. The programme consisted of five biofeedback sessions, where students were taught to breathe six long and slow pairs of breaths per minute, to increase their HRV. After participation in the programme, students, regardless of gender, increased their HRV in a statistically significant fashion with a large effect, but this effect was not the same for all ages. HRV biofeedback interventions are rarely applied in schools and given the effectiveness of the intervention to improve HRV in children, the applied implications of our results in educational settings are discussed, especially taking into account the children’s ages.
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Hei Y, Yuan T, Fan Z, Yang B, Hu J. Sleep staging classification based on a new parallel fusion method of multiple sources signals. Physiol Meas 2022; 43. [PMID: 35381584 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/ac647b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
APPROACH First, the heart rate variability (HRV) is extracted from EOG with the Weight Calculation Algorithm (WCA) and an "HYF" RR interval detection algorithm. Second, three feature sets were extracted from HRV segments and EOG segments: time-domain features, frequency domain features and nonlinear-domain features. The frequency domain features and nonlinear-domain features were extracted by using Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), Autoregressive (AR), and Power Spectral entropy (PSE), and Refined Composite Multiscale Dispersion Entropy (RCMDE). Third, a new "Parallel Fusion Method" (PFM) for sleep stage classification is proposed. Three kinds of feature sets from EOG and HRV segments are fused by using PFM. Fourth, Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) classification models is employed for sleep staging. MAIN RESULTS Our experimental results show significant performance improvement on automatic sleep staging on the target domains achieved with the new sleep staging approach. The performance of the proposed method is testedby evaluating the average accuracy, Kappa coefficient. The average accuracy of sleep classification results by using XGBoost classification model with PFM is 82.7% and the kappa coefficient is 0.711, also by using SVM classification model with the PFM is 83.7%, and the kappa coefficient is 0.724. Experimental results show that the performance of the proposed method is competitive with the most current methods and results, and the recognition rate of S1 stage is significantly improved. Significance: As a consequence, it would enable one to improve the quality of automatic sleep staging models when the EOG and HRV signals are fused, which can be beneficial for monitor sleep quality and keep abreast of health conditions. Besides, our study provides good research ideas and methods for scholars, doctors and individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafang Hei
- College of Applied Mathematics, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Xuefu road 24, Shuangliu, Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610225, CHINA
| | - Tuming Yuan
- College of Applied Mathematics, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Xuefu road 24, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610225, CHINA
| | - Zhigao Fan
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Xuefu road 24, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610225, CHINA
| | - Bo Yang
- College of Electronic Engineering, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Xuefu road 24, , , 610225, CHINA
| | - Jiancheng Hu
- College of Applied Mathematics, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Xuefu road 24, , , 610225, CHINA
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Tang T, Lang F, Gao S, Chen L. Effect of Combined Thoracic Paravertebral Block and General Anesthesia vs General Anesthesia Alone on Postoperative Stress and Pain in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Radical Nephrectomy. MEDICAL SCIENCE MONITOR : INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2022; 28:e933623. [PMID: 34999670 PMCID: PMC8756735 DOI: 10.12659/msm.933623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Background This single-center study compared the effect of combined thoracic paravertebral block (TPVB) and general anesthesia vs general anesthesia alone on postoperative stress and pain in patients undergoing laparoscopic radical nephrectomy. Material/Methods Patients undergoing laparoscopic radical nephrectomy were selected and randomized into a study group given TPVB combined with general anesthesia (n=43) and a reference group (n=43) given general anesthesia. The perioperative clinical indicators, blood pressure, pulse rate, visual analog scale (VAS) score, and adverse reactions were compared. Results Perioperative clinical indicators of the study group (other than operation duration) were superior to those of the reference group (P<0.05). At 90 min in the operation, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and pulse rate were lower than before anesthesia (t=7.691, 10.017, and 7.728, P<0.05). SBP, DBP, and pulse rate at 90 minutes during operation were significantly lower in the study group than in the reference group (t=7.582, 8.754, and 6.682, P<0.01). The study group had lower VAS scores both during activity and at rest 48 h after the operation than in the reference group (t=5.171 and 6.025, P<0.001). The total incidence of adverse reactions in the study group was lower than in the reference group (χ2=5.018, P=0.024). Conclusions The findings from this study from a single center showed that TPVB combined with general anesthesia for patients undergoing laparoscopic radical nephrectomy significantly reduced postoperative pain and stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Dalian Friendship Hospital, Dalian, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Fengjiao Lang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Dalian Friendship Hospital, Dalian, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Shoulin Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Dalian Friendship Hospital, Dalian, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Dalian Friendship Hospital, Dalian, Liaoning, China (mainland)
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Cvijetic S, Keser I, Jurasović J, Orct T, Babić Ž, Boschiero D, Ilich JZ. Diurnal Salivary Cortisol in Relation to Body Composition and Heart Rate Variability in Young Adults. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:831831. [PMID: 35355570 PMCID: PMC8959541 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.831831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic stress has been related to impaired body composition (bone, muscle, adipose tissue), and disturbed autonomic nervous system (ANS), the latter regulated by hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Our objective was to investigate the relationship between salivary cortisol, body composition and heart rate variability (HRV-highly influenced by ANS), in a young student population. METHODS Body composition and HRV parameters were measured using two portable devices based on multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance and photoplethysmography. Body composition included measurement of bone, lean/muscle and adipose tissues. HRV included time domain and frequency domain indices. Salivary cortisol, immediately after awakening, 60 min post awakening and late night was collected and analyzed by ELISA. RESULTS Participants included n = 43 healthy university students (39 women, 4 men); 21.1 ± 1.3 years, BMI = 21.8 ± 3.4 kg/m2. Skeletal muscle was reduced in most of the participants, bone mass was at the lower normal range, while the fat tissue parameters were normal with only 7% participants being overweight. Cortisol and HRV parameters of sympathetic predominance (low frequency-LF and low frequency/high frequency ratio-LF/HF) were significantly associated with higher fat tissue parameters (fat mass-FM% and intramuscular adipose tissue-IMAT%) (p <0.001 and p = 0.035, respectively) and with lower skeletal muscle (p = 0.002) and bone mass (p = 0.025). CONCLUSIONS The results point to a role of cortisol and ANS in the control of all three body composition compartments, suggesting that the stress can result in adverse effects on body composition, even in young, apparently healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Cvijetic
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
- *Correspondence: Selma Cvijetic,
| | - Irena Keser
- Laboratory for Nutrition Science, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jasna Jurasović
- Analytical Toxicology and Mineral Metabolism Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tatjana Orct
- Analytical Toxicology and Mineral Metabolism Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Željka Babić
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Jasminka Z. Ilich
- Institute for Successful Longevity, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
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Baiden P, Onyeaka HK, Kyeremeh E, Panisch LS, LaBrenz CA, Kim Y, Kunz-Lomelin A. An Association of Adverse Childhood Experiences with Binge Drinking in Adulthood: Findings from a Population-Based Study. Subst Use Misuse 2022; 57:360-372. [PMID: 35023435 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2021.2012692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are a major public health issue linked to negative health outcomes. Yet, few recent studies drawing on national data have examined the association between ACEs and binge drinking. Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the association between ACEs and binge drinking among adults in the United States and whether this association is dependent on sex. Methods: Data for this study were obtained from the 2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey. An analytic sample of 41,322 adults aged 18-64 years (50.7% male) from 17 states was analyzed using binary logistic regression. The outcome variable was binge drinking, and the main explanatory variable was ACEs. Results: Of the 41,322 respondents, 21.3% engaged in binge drinking. About 30% of the respondents had no ACEs and 23.9% had four or more ACEs. In the multivariable logistic regression, we observed that sex moderated the association between ACEs and binge drinking. Odds were 1.36 times higher for females who experienced two ACEs (aOR = 1.36 p < .05, 95% CI = 1.04-1.77) and 1.58 times higher for females who experienced three ACEs (aOR = 1.58 p < .01, 95% CI = 1.17-2.12) to engage in binge drinking. Other factors associated with binge drinking include younger age, non-Hispanic White, higher income level, higher education, not being married, being overweight, and history of cigarette smoking. Conclusion: The findings of this study underscore the importance of developing sex-appropriate screening and intervention strategies to support individuals exposed to ACEs and potentially mitigate negative health outcomes later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Baiden
- School of Social Work, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
| | - Henry K Onyeaka
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital/McLean Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Emmanuel Kyeremeh
- Department of Sociology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lisa S Panisch
- School of Social Work, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Catherine A LaBrenz
- School of Social Work, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
| | - Yeonwoo Kim
- College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Department of Kinesiology, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
| | - Alan Kunz-Lomelin
- School of Social Work, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
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Abstract
Patients suffering from fibromyalgia have many vexing symptoms; in contrast, physicians do not have a logical physiopathological framework to explain the multiple complaints. The objective of this writing is to discuss a patient-centered holistic fibromyalgia therapy based on a coherent physiopathological model.The rationale proposing fibromyalgia as stress-related sympathetically maintained neuropathic pain syndrome has solid research foundations. Autoimmunity is evident in a subset of fibromyalgia cases. Dorsal root ganglia are likely the crucial sympathetic-nociceptive short circuit sites. Skin biopsy and corneal confocal microscopy have demonstrated small nerve fiber pathology in fibromyalgia cases.Patient empowerment through information and symptom validation is the first step for a successful fibromyalgia therapy. POINTS TO HIGHLIGHT Fibromyalgia is a genuine painful neuropathic pain syndrome. In fibromyalgia stress becomes pain. Autonomic (sympathetic) dysfunction explains the multiplicity of fibromyalgia symptoms.The well-informed patient (and her/his family) must take on the leading role in her/his own rehabilitation. Fibromyalgia treatment often requires important lifestyle changes. Physicians and allied health care personnel facilitate this adjustment. Specific fibromyalgia drivers are discussed. Common modern bad habits alter autonomic nervous system balance and worsen fibromyalgia symptoms. Currently used drugs for fibromyalgia are rudimentary and with low retention rates. Autoimmune fibromyalgia requires focused therapeutic approach. CONCLUSION A patient-centered holistic therapy aimed to regain autonomic nervous system resilience remains the most effective fibromyalgia therapy. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Corneal confocal microscopy will likely become an objective fibromyalgia diagnostic and follow-up procedure. More specific analgesic antineuropathic medications for fibromyalgia are on the horizon.
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Sigrist C, Mürner-Lavanchy I, Peschel SKV, Schmidt SJ, Kaess M, Koenig J. Early life maltreatment and resting-state heart rate variability: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 120:307-334. [PMID: 33171141 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Recent focus on the consequences of early life adversity (ELA) in neurobiological research led to a variety of findings suggesting alterations in several physiological systems, such as the cardiovascular system. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we focused on the relationship between early life maltreatment (ELM), one form of ELA, and resting vagal activity indexed by resting-state heart rate variability (HRV). A systematic search of the literature yielded 1'264 hits, of which 32 studies reporting data for group comparisons or correlations were included. By quantitative synthesis of existing studies using random-effect models, we found no evidence for a relationship between ELM exposure and resting vagal activity in principal. Conducting meta-regression analyses, however, we found the relationship between ELM and resting vagal activity to significantly vary as a function of both age and the presence of psychopathology. In light of the current multitude of vastly unclear pathways linking ELM to the onset of disease, we emphasize the need for further research and outline several aspects to consider in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Sigrist
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ines Mürner-Lavanchy
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie K V Peschel
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefanie J Schmidt
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael Kaess
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Section for Translational Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julian Koenig
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Section for Experimental Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Gaidica M, Dantzer B. Quantifying the Autonomic Response to Stressors-One Way to Expand the Definition of "Stress" in Animals. Integr Comp Biol 2020; 60:113-125. [PMID: 32186720 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icaa009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantifying how whole organisms respond to challenges in the external and internal environment ("stressors") is difficult. To date, physiological ecologists have mostly used measures of glucocorticoids (GCs) to assess the impact of stressors on animals. This is of course too simplistic as Hans Seyle himself characterized the response of organisms to "noxious stimuli" using multiple physiological responses. Possible solutions include increasing the number of biomarkers to more accurately characterize the "stress state" of animal or just measuring different biomarkers to more accurately characterize the degree of acute or chronic stressors an animal is experiencing. We focus on the latter and discuss how heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) may be better predictors of the degree of activation of the sympathetic-adrenal-medullary system and complement or even replace measures of GCs as indicators of animal health, welfare, fitness, or their level of exposure to stressors. The miniaturization of biological sensor technology ("bio-sensors" or "bio-loggers") presents an opportunity to reassess measures of stress state and develop new approaches. We describe some modern approaches to gathering these HR and HRV data in free-living animals with the aim that heart dynamics will be more integrated with measures of GCs as bio-markers of stress state and predictors of fitness in free-living animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt Gaidica
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ben Dantzer
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Sexual Dimorphism of Heart Rate Variability in Adolescence: A Case-Control Study on Depression, Anxiety, Stress Levels, Body Composition, and Heart Rate Variability in Adolescents with Impaired Fasting Glucose. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17082688. [PMID: 32295195 PMCID: PMC7216092 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17082688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Prediabetes in the form of impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, or both is considered as a preliminary stage for the onset of diabetes and diabetic complications. Hormonal fluctuations in adolescence are accompanied by body composition modifications, which are associated with insulin resistance and subclinical inflammation. Bioimpedance (BIA) accurately evaluates body composition, and heart rate variability (HRV) assesses cardiac autonomic function, which are frequently afflicted by insulin resistance. We aimed at evaluating the effect of glycemic status on mental stress, anxiety, and depression status in adolescents with impaired fasting glucose, body composition, and HRV parameters. This is a case-control study to evaluate the effect of the hyperglycemia on depression, anxiety, and stress levels (DASS21 questionnaire), body composition (BIA-ACC—BIOTEKNA©), and HRV (PPG Stress Flow—BIOTEKNA©), between euglycemic adolescents (euglycemic group) and adolescents with impaired fasting glucose (prediabetic group), aged 12–20 years. No differences were found between the prediabetic (n = 13) and the euglycemic (n = 16) groups in the outcome measures, possibly due to the number of participants. Interestingly, females, irrespective of their glycemic status, exhibited altered sympathovagal function as revealed by impaired HRV. In the euglycemic group, HRV parameters were significantly correlated and in line with the DASS21 scores, but in the prediabetic group, similarities to those of adults were observed. Impaired fasting glucose had no impact on mental health, body composition, or HRV parameters in adolescents. HRV parameters were impaired in females, irrespective of their glycemic status. This finding implies that females seem to be more prone to stress disorders, even from a young age. Future studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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