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Orhan A, Akbayrak H, Çiçek ÖF, Harmankaya İ, Vatansev H. A user-friendly machine learning approach for cardiac structures assessment. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1426888. [PMID: 39036503 PMCID: PMC11257907 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1426888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Machine learning is increasingly being used to diagnose and treat various diseases, including cardiovascular diseases. Automatic image analysis can expedite tissue analysis and save time. However, using machine learning is limited among researchers due to the requirement of technical expertise. By offering extensible features through plugins and scripts, machine-learning platforms make these techniques more accessible to researchers with limited programming knowledge. The misuse of anabolic-androgenic steroids is prevalent, particularly among athletes and bodybuilders, and there is strong evidence of their detrimental effects on ventricular myocardial capillaries and muscle cells. However, most studies rely on qualitative data, which can lead to bias and limited reliability. We present a user-friendly approach using machine learning algorithms to measure the effects of exercise and anabolic-androgenic steroids on cardiac ventricular capillaries and myocytes in an experimental animal model. Method Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups (n = 28): control, exercise-only, anabolic-androgenic steroid-alone, and exercise with anabolic-androgenic steroid. Histopathological analysis of heart tissue was conducted, with images processed and analyzed using the Trainable Weka Segmentation plugin in Fiji software. Machine learning classifiers were trained to segment capillary and myocyte nuclei structures, enabling quantitative morphological measurements. Results Exercise significantly increased capillary density compared to other groups. However, in the exercise + anabolic-androgenic steroid group, steroid use counteracted this effect. Anabolic-androgenic steroid alone did not significantly impact capillary density compared to the control group. Additionally, the exercise group had a significantly shorter intercapillary distance than all other groups. Again, using steroids in the exercise + anabolic-androgenic steroid group diminished this positive effect. Conclusion Despite limited programming skills, researchers can use artificial intelligence techniques to investigate the adverse effects of anabolic steroids on the heart's vascular network and muscle cells. By employing accessible tools like machine learning algorithms and image processing software, histopathological images of capillary and myocyte structures in heart tissues can be analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atilla Orhan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Türkiye
| | - Hakan Akbayrak
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Türkiye
| | - Ömer Faruk Çiçek
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Türkiye
| | - İsmail Harmankaya
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Türkiye
| | - Hüsamettin Vatansev
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Türkiye
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Ye Y, Li M, Pan Q, Fang X, Yang H, Dong B, Yang J, Zheng Y, Zhang R, Liao Z. Machine learning-based classification of deubiquitinase USP26 and its cell proliferation inhibition through stabilizing KLF6 in cervical cancer. Comput Biol Med 2024; 168:107745. [PMID: 38064851 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.107745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aim to accurately distinguish ubiquitin-specific proteases (USPs) from other members within the deubiquitinating enzyme families based on protein sequences. Additionally, we seek to elucidate the specific regulatory mechanisms through which USP26 modulates Krüppel-like factor 6 (KLF6) and assess the subsequent effects of this regulation on both the proliferation and migration of cervical cancer cells. METHODS All the deubiquitinase (DUB) sequences were classified into USPs and non-USPs. Feature vectors, including 188D, n-gram, and 400D dimensions, were extracted from these sequences and subjected to binary classification via the Weka software. Next, thirty human USPs were also analyzed to identify conserved motifs and ascertained evolutionary relationships. Experimentally, more than 90 unique DUB-encoding plasmids were transfected into HeLa cell lines to assess alterations in KLF6 protein levels and to isolate a specific DUB involved in KLF6 regulation. Subsequent experiments utilized both wild-type (WT) USP26 overexpression and shRNA-mediated USP26 knockdown to examine changes in KLF6 protein levels. The half-life experiment was performed to assess the influence of USP26 on KLF6 protein stability. Immunoprecipitation was applied to confirm the USP26-KLF6 interaction, and ubiquitination assays to explore the role of USP26 in KLF6 deubiquitination. Additional cellular assays were conducted to evaluate the effects of USP26 on HeLa cell proliferation and migration. RESULTS 1. Among the extracted feature vectors of 188D, 400D, and n-gram, all 12 classifiers demonstrated excellent performance. The RandomForest classifier demonstrated superior performance in this assessment. Phylogenetic analysis of 30 human USPs revealed the presence of nine unique motifs, comprising zinc finger and ubiquitin-specific protease domains. 2. Through a systematic screening of the deubiquitinase library, USP26 was identified as the sole DUB associated with KLF6. 3. USP26 positively regulated the protein level of KLF6, as evidenced by the decrease in KLF6 protein expression upon shUSP26 knockdown in both 293T and Hela cell lines. Additionally, half-life experiments demonstrated that USP26 prolonged the stability of KLF6. 4. Immunoprecipitation experiments revealed a strong interaction between USP26 and KLF6. Notably, the functional interaction domain was mapped to amino acids 285-913 of USP26, as opposed to the 1-295 region. 5. WT USP26 was found to attenuate the ubiquitination levels of KLF6. However, the mutant USP26 abrogated its deubiquitination activity. 6. Functional biological assays demonstrated that overexpression of USP26 inhibited both proliferation and migration of HeLa cells. Conversely, knockdown of USP26 was shown to promote these oncogenic properties. CONCLUSIONS 1. At the protein sequence level, members of the USP family can be effectively differentiated from non-USP proteins. Furthermore, specific functional motifs have been identified within the sequences of human USPs. 2. The deubiquitinating enzyme USP26 has been shown to target KLF6 for deubiquitination, thereby modulating its stability. Importantly, USP26 plays a pivotal role in the modulation of proliferation and migration in cervical cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ye
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Qilong Pan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Xin Fang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China; Laboratory of Non-communicable Chronic Disease Control, Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, 350012, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Bingying Dong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Jiaying Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Yuan Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Renxiang Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Zhijun Liao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China.
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Hussain MA, Gogoi L. Performance analyses of five neural network classifiers on nodule classification in lung CT images using WEKA: a comparative study. Phys Eng Sci Med 2022; 45:1193-1204. [PMID: 36315381 DOI: 10.1007/s13246-022-01187-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In this report, we are presenting our work on performance analyses of five different neural network classifiers viz. MLP, DL4JMLP, logistic regression, SGD and simple logistic classifier in lung nodule detection using WEKA interface. To the best of our knowledge, this report demonstrates first use of WEKA for comparative performance analyses of neural network classifiers in identifying lung nodules from lung CT-images. A total of 624 handcrafted features from 52 numbers of lung CT-images collected randomly from Lung Image Database Consortium (LIDC) were fed into WEKA to evaluate the performances of the classifiers under four different categories of computation. Performances of the classifiers were observed in terms of 11 important parameters viz. accuracy, kappa statistic, root mean squared error, TPR, FPR, precision, sensitivity, F-measurement, MCC, ROC area and PRC area. Results show 86.53%, 77.77%, 55.55%, 94.44% & 88.88% accuracy as well as 0.91, 0.86, 0.68, 0.91 & 0.93 ROC area for MLP, DL4JMLP, logistic, SGD and simple logistic classifier respectively at tenfold cross-validation by taking 66% of the data set for training and 34% for testing and validation purpose. SGDClassifier has been found the best performing followed by simple logistic classifier for the purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Anwar Hussain
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology, Nirjuli, 791109, India
| | - Lakshipriya Gogoi
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology, Nirjuli, 791109, India.
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