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Foley RA, Trentadue TP, Lopez C, Weber NM, Thoreson AR, Holmes DR, Murthy NS, Leng S, Kakar S, Zhao KD. Bilateral lunotriquetral coalition: a dynamic four-dimensional computed tomography technical case report. Skeletal Radiol 2024; 53:1423-1430. [PMID: 37943305 PMCID: PMC11078889 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-023-04490-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Lunotriquetral coalitions are the most common form of carpal coalition wherein the cartilage between the lunate and triquetrum ossification centers failed to undergo apoptosis. This technical case report examines the arthrokinematics of bilateral lunotriquetral coalitions with dissimilar Minnaar types in one participant with one asymptomatic wrist and one wrist with suspected distal radioulnar joint injury. Static and dynamic (four-dimensional) CT images during pronosupination were captured using a photon-counting detector CT scanner. Interosseous proximity distributions were calculated between the lunotriquetral coalition and adjacent bones in both wrists to quantify arthrokinematics. Interosseous proximity distributions at joints adjacent to the lunotriquetral coalition demonstrate differences in median and minimum interosseous proximities between the asymptomatic and injured wrists during resisted pronosupination. Altered kinematics from lunotriquetral coalitions may be a source of ulnar-sided wrist pain and discomfort, limiting the functional range of motion. This case report highlights potential alterations to wrist arthrokinematics in the setting of lunotriquetral coalitions and possible associations with ulnar-sided wrist pain, highlighting anatomy to examine in radiographic follow-up. Furthermore, this case report demonstrates the technical feasibility of four-dimensional CT using photon-counting detector technology in assessing arthrokinematics in the setting of variant wrist anatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Foley
- Assistive and Restorative Technology Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Taylor P Trentadue
- Assistive and Restorative Technology Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Mayo Clinic Medical Scientist Training Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Mayo Clinic Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering and Physiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Cesar Lopez
- Assistive and Restorative Technology Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Nikkole M Weber
- Computed Tomography Clinical Innovation Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Andrew R Thoreson
- Assistive and Restorative Technology Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - David R Holmes
- Biomedical Imaging Resource Core Facility, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Shuai Leng
- Computed Tomography Clinical Innovation Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Sanjeev Kakar
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kristin D Zhao
- Assistive and Restorative Technology Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
- Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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D'Hondt L, De Groote F, Afschrift M. A dynamic foot model for predictive simulations of human gait reveals causal relations between foot structure and whole-body mechanics. PLoS Comput Biol 2024; 20:e1012219. [PMID: 38900787 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1012219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The unique structure of the human foot is seen as a crucial adaptation for bipedalism. The foot's arched shape enables stiffening the foot to withstand high loads when pushing off, without compromising foot flexibility. Experimental studies demonstrated that manipulating foot stiffness has considerable effects on gait. In clinical practice, altered foot structure is associated with pathological gait. Yet, experimentally manipulating individual foot properties (e.g. arch height or tendon and ligament stiffness) is hard and therefore our understanding of how foot structure influences gait mechanics is still limited. Predictive simulations are a powerful tool to explore causal relationships between musculoskeletal properties and whole-body gait. However, musculoskeletal models used in three-dimensional predictive simulations assume a rigid foot arch, limiting their use for studying how foot structure influences three-dimensional gait mechanics. Here, we developed a four-segment foot model with a longitudinal arch for use in predictive simulations. We identified three properties of the ankle-foot complex that are important to capture ankle and knee kinematics, soleus activation, and ankle power of healthy adults: (1) compliant Achilles tendon, (2) stiff heel pad, (3) the ability to stiffen the foot. The latter requires sufficient arch height and contributions of plantar fascia, and intrinsic and extrinsic foot muscles. A reduced ability to stiffen the foot results in walking patterns with reduced push-off power. Simulations based on our model also captured the effects of walking with anaesthetised intrinsic foot muscles or an insole limiting arch compression. The ability to reproduce these different experiments indicates that our foot model captures the main mechanical properties of the foot. The presented four-segment foot model is a potentially powerful tool to study the relationship between foot properties and gait mechanics and energetics in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars D'Hondt
- Department of Movement Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Friedl De Groote
- Department of Movement Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maarten Afschrift
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Behling AV, Welte L, Kelly L, Rainbow MJ. Human in vivo midtarsal and subtalar joint kinematics during walking, running and hopping. J R Soc Interface 2024; 21:20240074. [PMID: 38807524 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2024.0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The interaction among joints of the midtarsal complex and subtalar joint is important for locomotor function; however, its complexity poses substantial challenges in quantifying the joints' motions. We determine the mobility of these joints across locomotion tasks and investigate the influence of individual talus morphology on their motion. Using highly accurate biplanar videoradiography, three-dimensional bone kinematics were captured during walking, running and hopping. We calculated the axis of rotation of the midtarsal complex and subtalar joint for the landing and push-off phases. A comparison was made between these rotation axes and the morphological subtalar axis. Measurement included total rotation about and the orientation of the rotation axes in the direction of the subtalar joint and its deviation via spatial angles for both phases. The rotation axes of all three bones relative to the talus closely align with the morphological subtalar axis. This suggests that the midtarsal and subtalar joints' motions might be described by one commonly oriented axis. Despite having such an axis, the location of the axes and ranges of motion differed among the bones. Our results provide a novel perspective of healthy foot function across different sagittal plane-dominant locomotion tasks underscoring the importance of quantifying midtarsal complex and subtalar motion while accounting for an individual's talus morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja-Verena Behling
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Science, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Queen's University , Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lauren Welte
- Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Luke Kelly
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Science, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Griffith Centre of Biomedical & Rehabilitation Engineering, Griffith University , Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
- School of Health Sciences & Social Work, Griffith University , Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael J Rainbow
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Queen's University , Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Erdman A, Lehman M. A Review of Kinematic Theories and Practices Compiled for Biomechanics Students and Researchers. J Biomech Eng 2024; 146:050801. [PMID: 37978045 DOI: 10.1115/1.4064054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The topic of kinematics is fundamental to engineering and has a significant bearing on clinical evaluations of human movement. For those studying biomechanics, this topic is often overlooked in importance. The degree to which kinematic fundamentals are included in Biomedical engineering (BmE) curriculums is not consistent across programs and often foundational understandings are gained only after reading literature if a research or development project requires that knowledge. The purpose of this paper is to present the important theories and methods of kinematic analysis and synthesis that should be in the "toolbox" of students of biomechanics. Each topic is briefly presented accompanied by an example or two. Deeper learning of each topic is left to the reader, with the help of some sample references to begin that journey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Erdman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, 111 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Malachi Lehman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, 111 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455
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Paulus P, Gale T, Setliff J, Yamamoto T, Yang S, Brown J, Munsch M, Hogan M, Anderst W. Ankle and subtalar joint axes of rotation and center of rotation during walking and running in healthy individuals measured using dynamic biplane radiography. J Biomech 2023; 160:111837. [PMID: 37837836 PMCID: PMC11006825 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2023.111837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to determine how foot type and activity level affect ankle and hindfoot motion. Dynamic biplane radiography and a validated volumetric registration process was used to measure ankle and hindfoot motion of 20 healthy adults during walking and running. The helical axes of motion (HAM) during stance were calculated at the tibiotalar and subtalar joints. The intersection of each HAM and the rotation plane of interest defined the tibiotalar and subtalar centers of rotation (COR). Correlations between foot type and hindfoot kinematics were calculated using Pearson's correlations. The effect of activity, phase of gait, and dominant vs. non-dominant limb on HAM and COR were evaluated using linear mixed effects models. Activity and phase of gait influenced the superior location of the tibiotalar (p < 0.041) and subtalar (p < 0.044) CORs. Activity and gait phase affected tibiotalar (p < 0.049) and subtalar (p < 0.044) HAM direction during gait. Both HAM orientation and COR location changed with activity and phase of gait. These ankle and hindfoot kinematics have implications for total ankle replacement design and musculoskeletal models that estimate force and moment generating capabilities of muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige Paulus
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Tom Gale
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Joshua Setliff
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tetsuya Yamamoto
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shumeng Yang
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jessica Brown
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Maria Munsch
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - MaCalus Hogan
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Foot and Ankle Injury Research [F.A.I.R] Group, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - William Anderst
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Ancillao A, Verduyn A, Vochten M, Aertbeliën E, De Schutter J. A Novel Procedure for Knee Flexion Angle Estimation Based on Functionally Defined Coordinate Systems and Independent of the Marker Landmarks. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:500. [PMID: 36612839 PMCID: PMC9819753 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Knee angles are kinematic quantities that are commonly presented in gait analysis reports. They are typically calculated as the relative angles between the anatomical coordinate systems rigidly attached to the femur and the tibia. To give these angles a biomechanical meaning, the coordinate systems must be defined with respect to some anatomical landmarks. For example, if one axis of the joint coordinate systems is directed along the knee flexion/extension axis, then the relative angle assumes the meaning of flexion/extension angle. Defining accurate anatomical coordinate systems is not an easy task, because it requires skills in marker placement, landmark identification and definition of a biomechanical model. In this paper, we present a novel method to (i) functionally define two coordinate systems attached to femur and tibia and (ii) functionally calculate the knee angle based on the relative differential kinematics between the previously defined coordinate systems. As the main limitation, this method is unable to provide an absolute measurement of the knee flexion/extension angle; however, it is able to accurately capture and display the relative angular motion of the knee. We show that our method produced consistent results even when the measured coordinate systems were randomly modified, removing any anatomical referencing. The proposed method has the advantage of being independent/invariant of the choice of the original coordinate systems of the femur and tibia, removing the need for accurate marker placement. Some major consequences are that (i) the markers may be placed on optimal landmarks, for example, minimizing the soft tissue artifacts or improving the subject's comfort, and (ii) there is no need for anatomical calibration when technical marker clusters/triads are used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ancillao
- Robotics Research Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Core Lab ROB, Flanders Make, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Functional Biomechanics and Rehabilitation Engineering Research Unit, Institute of Engineering Design and Product Development, TU Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Arno Verduyn
- Robotics Research Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Core Lab ROB, Flanders Make, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maxim Vochten
- Robotics Research Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Core Lab ROB, Flanders Make, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Erwin Aertbeliën
- Robotics Research Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Core Lab ROB, Flanders Make, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joris De Schutter
- Robotics Research Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Core Lab ROB, Flanders Make, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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Oonk JGM, Dobbe JGG, Strijkers GJ, van Rijn SK, Streekstra GJ. Kinematic analysis of forearm rotation using four-dimensional computed tomography. J Hand Surg Eur Vol 2022; 48:466-475. [PMID: 36524290 DOI: 10.1177/17531934221142520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to quantify forearm kinematics with a focus on the forearm rotation axis. Ten healthy volunteers were included in the study. One three-dimensional computed tomographic scan and two four-dimensional computed tomographic scans were done in all the arms to capture forearm joint motion. After image processing, the rotation axis and the movement of the radius with respect to various axes were quantified. The rotation axis was calculated using finite helical axis analysis and a circle fitting approach. The mean error of the rotation axis found through circle fitting was 0.2 mm (SD 0.1) distally and 0.1 mm (SD 0.1) proximally, indicating an improvement in precision over the finite helical axis approach. The translations of the radius along the ulnar axis and the forearm rotation axis were 2.6 (SD 0.8) and 0.6 mm (SD 0.9), respectively. The rotation of the radius around the radial axis was 7.2°. The techniques presented provide a detailed description of forearm kinematics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joris G M Oonk
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Musculoskeletal Health - Restoration and Development, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes G G Dobbe
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Musculoskeletal Health - Restoration and Development, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gustav J Strijkers
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sybren K van Rijn
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand surgery, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Geert J Streekstra
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Effect of the soft tissue artifact on marker measurements and on the calculation of the helical axis of the knee during a squat movement: A study on the CAMS-Knee dataset. Med Eng Phys 2022; 110:103915. [PMID: 36564140 PMCID: PMC9771824 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2022.103915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Marker-based motion capture recordings of human body segments are often affected by soft tissue artifact (STA). The undesired and uncontrolled motion of the skin may introduce errors in the estimation of motion and position of body segments and, consequently, in the calculation of the relative functional quantities. METHODS This study exploited a recently published dataset consisting of six adult subjects that underwent a total knee arthroplasty. The subject performed squat tasks while the motion was concurrently recorded by passive markers attached to the skin of the lower limbs, an optoelectronic system, and a fluoroscope. The STA of shank and thigh was decomposed in local deformation and rigid motion. Additionally, we studied how the instantaneous helical axis (IHA) calculation is affected by STA. FINDINGS The cluster most affected by STA rigid motion was the thigh. The largest estimated effects were about 7 deg. and about 20 mm. The largest effect of local deformation was about 25 mm, and it was observed on the thigh cluster. INTERPRETATION The STA made the estimation of the IHA unreliable for both position and direction. The choice of the reference configuration influenced the results of the STA analysis.
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