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Cairo B, Bari V, Gelpi F, De Maria B, Porta A. Assessing cardiorespiratory interactions via lagged joint symbolic dynamics during spontaneous and controlled breathing. FRONTIERS IN NETWORK PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 3:1211848. [PMID: 37602202 PMCID: PMC10436098 DOI: 10.3389/fnetp.2023.1211848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Joint symbolic analysis (JSA) can be utilized to describe interactions between time series while accounting for time scales and nonlinear features. JSA is based on the computation of the rate of occurrence of joint patterns built after symbolization. Lagged JSA (LJSA) is obtained from the more classical JSA by introducing a delay/lead between patterns built over the two series and combined to form the joint scheme, thus monitoring coordinated patterns at different lags. Methods: In the present study, we applied LJSA for the assessment of cardiorespiratory coupling (CRC) from heart period (HP) variability and respiratory activity (R) in 19 healthy subjects (age: 27-35 years; 8 males, 11 females) during spontaneous breathing (SB) and controlled breathing (CB). The R rate of CB was selected to be indistinguishable from that of SB, namely, 15 breaths·minute-1 (CB15), or slower than SB, namely, 10 breaths·minute-1 (CB10), but in both cases, very rapid interactions between heart rate and R were known to be present. The ability of the LJSA approach to follow variations of the coupling strength was tested over a unidirectionally or bidirectionally coupled stochastic process and using surrogate data to test the null hypothesis of uncoupling. Results: We found that: i) the analysis of surrogate data proved that HP and R were significantly coupled in any experimental condition, and coupling was not more likely to occur at a specific time lag; ii) CB10 reduced CRC strength at the fastest time scales while increasing that at intermediate time scales, thus leaving the overall CRC strength unvaried; iii) despite exhibiting similar R rates and respiratory sinus arrhythmia, SB and CB15 induced different cardiorespiratory interactions; iv) no dominant temporal scheme was observed with relevant contributions of HP patterns either leading or lagging R. Discussion: LJSA is a useful methodology to explore HP-R dynamic interactions while accounting for time shifts and scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Cairo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Vlasta Bari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Vascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Gelpi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Alberto Porta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Vascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
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Cairo B, Bari V, de Abreu RM, Gelpi F, De Maria B, Catai AM, Porta A. Characterization of Multiple Regimes of Cardiorespiratory Phase Synchronization in Athletes Undergoing Inspiratory Muscle Training. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2023; 2023:1-4. [PMID: 38083759 DOI: 10.1109/embc40787.2023.10339951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Cardiorespiratory phase synchronization (CRPS) is defined as the stable occurrence of n heartbeats within m respiratory cycles according to the n:m phase locking ratio (PLR). Since CRPS is an intermittent phenomenon where different phase synchronization regimes and epochs of phase unlocking can alternate within the same recording, an index of CRPS ideally should assess all potential PLRs present in the recording. However, traditional approaches compute the synchronization index (SYNC%) over a single n:m PLR, namely the one that maximizes CRPS. In the present work, we tested a synchronization index assessing the total percentage of heartbeats coupled to the inspiratory onset regardless of phase locking regimes (SYNC%sum) and we compared its efficacy to the more traditional SYNC%. Analysis was carried out in a cohort of 25 male amateur cyclists (age: 20-40 yrs) undergoing inspiratory muscle training (IMT) at different intensities. CRPS was assessed before and after the IMT protocol, during an experimental condition known to modify CRPS, namely active standing (STAND). We found that after a moderate intensity IMT at 60% of the maximal inspiratory pressure, SYNC%sum could detect the decrease in CRPS following STAND. This result was not visible using the more traditional SYNC%. Therefore, we stress the significant presence of different phase locking regimes in athletes and the importance of accounting for multiple PLRs in CRPS analysis.Clinical Relevance- Multiple phase locking regimes contribute significantly to cardiorespiratory control in amateur cyclists especially after inspiratory muscle training of moderate intensity.
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Liu H, Liang H, Yu X, Han Y, Wang G, Yan M, Wang W, Li S. A study on the immediate effects of enhanced external counterpulsation on physiological coupling. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1197598. [PMID: 37351421 PMCID: PMC10282182 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1197598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP) is a non-invasive assisted circulation technique for its clinical application in the rehabilitation and management of ischemic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, which has complex physiological and hemodynamic effects. However, the effects of EECP on the coupling of physiological systems are still unclear. We aimed to investigate the immediate effects of EECP on the coupling between integrated physiological systems such as cardiorespiratory and cardiovascular systems. Methods Based on a random sham-controlled design, simultaneous electrocardiography, photoplethysmography, bio-electrical impedance, and continuous hemodynamic data were recorded before, during and after two consecutive 30 min EECP in 41 healthy adults. Physiological coupling strength quantified by phase synchronization indexes (PSI), hemodynamic measurements and heart rate variability indices of 22 subjects (female/male: 10/12; age: 22.6 ± 2.1 years) receiving active EECP were calculated and compared with those of 19 sham control subjects (female/male: 7/12; age: 23.6 ± 2.5 years). Results Immediately after the two consecutive EECP interventions, the physiological coupling between respiratory and cardiovascular systems PSIRES-PTT (0.34 ± 0.14 vs. 0.49 ± 0.17, P = 0.002), the physiological coupling between cardiac and cardiovascular systems PSIIBI-PTT (0.41 ± 0.14 vs. 0.52 ± 0.16, P = 0.006) and the total physiological coupling PSItotal (1.21 ± 0.35 vs. 1.57 ± 0.49, P = 0.005) in the EECP group were significantly lower than those before the EECP intervention, while the physiological coupling indexes in the control group did not change significantly (P > 0.05). Conclusion Our study provides evidence that the PSI is altered by immediate EECP intervention. We speculate that the reduced PSI induced by EECP may be a marker of disturbed physiological coupling. This study provides a new method for exploring the mechanism of EECP action and may help to further optimize the EECP technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyun Liu
- Research Center for Biomedical Engineering, Medical Innovation Research Division, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Liang
- Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohua Yu
- Research Center for Biomedical Engineering, Medical Innovation Research Division, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Han
- Research Center for Biomedical Engineering, Medical Innovation Research Division, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Guojing Wang
- Research Center for Biomedical Engineering, Medical Innovation Research Division, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Muyang Yan
- Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Weidong Wang
- Research Center for Biomedical Engineering, Medical Innovation Research Division, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Shijun Li
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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