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Luger AL, König S, Samp PF, Urban H, Divé I, Burger MC, Voss M, Franz K, Fokas E, Filipski K, Demes MC, Stenzinger A, Sahm F, Reuss DE, Harter PN, Wagner S, Hattingen E, Wichert J, Lapa C, Fröhling S, Steinbach JP, Ronellenfitsch MW. Molecular matched targeted therapies for primary brain tumors-a single center retrospective analysis. J Neurooncol 2022; 159:243-259. [PMID: 35864412 PMCID: PMC9424147 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-022-04049-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Molecular diagnostics including next generation gene sequencing are increasingly used to determine options for individualized therapies in brain tumor patients. We aimed to evaluate the decision-making process of molecular targeted therapies and analyze data on tolerability as well as signals for efficacy. METHODS Via retrospective analysis, we identified primary brain tumor patients who were treated off-label with a targeted therapy at the University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University. We analyzed which types of molecular alterations were utilized to guide molecular off-label therapies and the diagnostic procedures for their assessment during the period from 2008 to 2021. Data on tolerability and outcomes were collected. RESULTS 413 off-label therapies were identified with an increasing annual number for the interval after 2016. 37 interventions (9%) were targeted therapies based on molecular markers. Glioma and meningioma were the most frequent entities treated with molecular matched targeted therapies. Rare entities comprised e.g. medulloblastoma and papillary craniopharyngeoma. Molecular targeted approaches included checkpoint inhibitors, inhibitors of mTOR, FGFR, ALK, MET, ROS1, PIK3CA, CDK4/6, BRAF/MEK and PARP. Responses in the first follow-up MRI were partial response (13.5%), stable disease (29.7%) and progressive disease (46.0%). There were no new safety signals. Adverse events with fatal outcome (CTCAE grade 5) were not observed. Only, two patients discontinued treatment due to side effects. Median progression-free and overall survival were 9.1/18 months in patients with at least stable disease, and 1.8/3.6 months in those with progressive disease at the first follow-up MRI. CONCLUSION A broad range of actionable alterations was targeted with available molecular therapeutics. However, efficacy was largely observed in entities with paradigmatic oncogenic drivers, in particular with BRAF mutations. Further research on biomarker-informed molecular matched therapies is urgently necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Luisa Luger
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. .,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. .,Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. .,University Cancer Center Frankfurt (UCT), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Sven König
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,University Cancer Center Frankfurt (UCT), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Patrick Felix Samp
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Hans Urban
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,University Cancer Center Frankfurt (UCT), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Iris Divé
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,University Cancer Center Frankfurt (UCT), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Michael C Burger
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,University Cancer Center Frankfurt (UCT), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Martin Voss
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,University Cancer Center Frankfurt (UCT), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Kea Franz
- University Cancer Center Frankfurt (UCT), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Emmanouil Fokas
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Katharina Filipski
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,University Cancer Center Frankfurt (UCT), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Neurological Institute (Edinger Institute), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Melanie-Christin Demes
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Albrecht Stenzinger
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Centers for Personalized Medicine (ZPM), Heidelberg Site, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix Sahm
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David E Reuss
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patrick N Harter
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,University Cancer Center Frankfurt (UCT), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Neurological Institute (Edinger Institute), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Wagner
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,University Cancer Center Frankfurt (UCT), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Elke Hattingen
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jennifer Wichert
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Constantin Lapa
- Faculty of Medicine, Nuclear Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Fröhling
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joachim P Steinbach
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,University Cancer Center Frankfurt (UCT), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Michael W Ronellenfitsch
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,University Cancer Center Frankfurt (UCT), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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2
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Di Giorgio E, Cuocolo A, Mansi L, Sicignano M, Squame F, Gaudieri V, Giordano P, Giugliano FM, Mazzaferro MP, Negro A, Villa A, Spadafora M. Assessment of therapy response to Regorafenib by 18F-DOPA-PET/CT in patients with recurrent high-grade gliomas: a case series. Clin Transl Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40336-021-00416-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Activation of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Sensitizes Glioblastoma Cells to Hypoxia-Induced Cell Death. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082144. [PMID: 32756332 PMCID: PMC7464192 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway is genetically activated in approximately 50% of glioblastomas (GBs). Its inhibition has been explored clinically but produced disappointing results, potentially due to metabolic effects that protect GB cells against nutrient deprivation and hypoxia. Here, we hypothesized that EGFR activation could disable metabolic adaptation and define a GB cell population sensitive to starvation. Methods: Using genetically engineered GB cells to model different types of EGFR activation, we analyzed changes in metabolism and cell survival under conditions of the tumor microenvironment. Results: We found that expression of mutant EGFRvIII as well as EGF stimulation of EGFR-overexpressing cells impaired physiological adaptation to starvation and rendered cells sensitive to hypoxia-induced cell death. This was preceded by adenosine triphosphate (ATP) depletion and an increase in glycolysis. Furthermore, EGFRvIII mutant cells had higher levels of mitochondrial superoxides potentially due to decreased metabolic flux into the serine synthesis pathway which was associated with a decrease in the NADPH/NADP+ ratio. Conclusions: The finding that EGFR activation renders GB cells susceptible to starvation could help to identify a subgroup of patients more likely to benefit from starvation-inducing therapies.
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Zeiner PS, Kinzig M, Divé I, Maurer GD, Filipski K, Harter PN, Senft C, Bähr O, Hattingen E, Steinbach JP, Sörgel F, Voss M, Steidl E, Ronellenfitsch MW. Regorafenib CSF Penetration, Efficacy, and MRI Patterns in Recurrent Malignant Glioma Patients. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8122031. [PMID: 31766326 PMCID: PMC6947028 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8122031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The phase 2 Regorafenib in Relapsed Glioblastoma (REGOMA) trial indicated a survival benefit for patients with first recurrence of a glioblastoma when treated with the multikinase inhibitor regorafenib (REG) instead of lomustine. The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate REG penetration to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), treatment efficacy, and effects on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with recurrent high-grade gliomas. (2) Methods: Patients were characterized by histology, adverse events, steroid treatment, overall survival (OS), and MRI growth pattern. REG and its two active metabolites were quantified by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry in patients’ serum and CSF. (3) Results: 21 patients mainly with IDH-wildtype glioblastomas who had been treated with REG were retrospectively identified. Thirteen CFS samples collected from 3 patients of the cohort were available for pharmacokinetic testing. CSF levels of REG and its metabolites were significantly lower than in serum. Follow-up MRI was available in 19 patients and showed progressive disease (PD) in all but 2 patients. Two distinct MRI patterns were identified: 7 patients showed classic PD with progression of contrast enhancing lesions, whereas 11 patients showed a T2-dominant MRI pattern characterized by a marked reduction of contrast enhancement. Median OS was significantly better in patients with a T2-dominant growth pattern (10 vs. 27 weeks respectively, p = 0.003). Diffusion restrictions were observed in 13 patients. (4) Conclusion: REG and its metabolites were detectable in CSF. A distinct MRI pattern that might be associated with an improved OS was observed in half of the patient cohort. Treatment response in the total cohort was poor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia S. Zeiner
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (P.S.Z.); (I.D.); (G.D.M.); (O.B.); (J.P.S.); (M.V.)
- University Cancer Center (UCT) Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (K.F.); (P.N.H.); (E.H.); (E.S.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Martina Kinzig
- IBMP—Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research, 90562 Nürnberg-Heroldsberg, Germany; (M.K.); (F.S.)
| | - Iris Divé
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (P.S.Z.); (I.D.); (G.D.M.); (O.B.); (J.P.S.); (M.V.)
- University Cancer Center (UCT) Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (K.F.); (P.N.H.); (E.H.); (E.S.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Gabriele D. Maurer
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (P.S.Z.); (I.D.); (G.D.M.); (O.B.); (J.P.S.); (M.V.)
- University Cancer Center (UCT) Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (K.F.); (P.N.H.); (E.H.); (E.S.)
| | - Katharina Filipski
- University Cancer Center (UCT) Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (K.F.); (P.N.H.); (E.H.); (E.S.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger-Institute), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Patrick N. Harter
- University Cancer Center (UCT) Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (K.F.); (P.N.H.); (E.H.); (E.S.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger-Institute), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christian Senft
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany;
| | - Oliver Bähr
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (P.S.Z.); (I.D.); (G.D.M.); (O.B.); (J.P.S.); (M.V.)
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum Aschaffenburg-Alzenau, 63739 Aschaffenburg, Germany
| | - Elke Hattingen
- University Cancer Center (UCT) Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (K.F.); (P.N.H.); (E.H.); (E.S.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Joachim P. Steinbach
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (P.S.Z.); (I.D.); (G.D.M.); (O.B.); (J.P.S.); (M.V.)
- University Cancer Center (UCT) Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (K.F.); (P.N.H.); (E.H.); (E.S.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Fritz Sörgel
- IBMP—Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research, 90562 Nürnberg-Heroldsberg, Germany; (M.K.); (F.S.)
- Institute of Pharmacology, University Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Voss
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (P.S.Z.); (I.D.); (G.D.M.); (O.B.); (J.P.S.); (M.V.)
- University Cancer Center (UCT) Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (K.F.); (P.N.H.); (E.H.); (E.S.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Eike Steidl
- University Cancer Center (UCT) Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (K.F.); (P.N.H.); (E.H.); (E.S.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Michael W. Ronellenfitsch
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (P.S.Z.); (I.D.); (G.D.M.); (O.B.); (J.P.S.); (M.V.)
- University Cancer Center (UCT) Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (K.F.); (P.N.H.); (E.H.); (E.S.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-69-6301-87711; Fax: +49-69-6301-87713
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Heinzen D, Divé I, Lorenz NI, Luger AL, Steinbach JP, Ronellenfitsch MW. Second Generation mTOR Inhibitors as a Double-Edged Sword in Malignant Glioma Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184474. [PMID: 31510109 PMCID: PMC6770420 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas (GBs) frequently display activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). mTOR exists as part of two multiprotein complexes, mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and 2 (mTORC2). In GBs, mTORC1 inhibitors such as rapamycin have performed poorly in clinical trials, and in vitro protect GB cells from nutrient and oxygen deprivation. Next generation ATP-competitive mTOR inhibitors with affinity for both mTOR complexes have been developed, but data exploring their effects on GB metabolism are scarce. In this study, we compared the ATP-competitive mTORC1/2 inhibitors torin2, INK-128 and NVP-Bez235 to the allosteric mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin under conditions that mimic the glioma microenvironment. In addition to inhibiting mTORC2 signaling, INK-128 and NVP-Bez235 more effectively blocked mTORC1 signaling and prompted a stronger cell growth inhibition, partly by inducing cell cycle arrest. However, under hypoxic and nutrient-poor conditions mTORC1/2 inhibitors displayed even stronger cytoprotective effects than rapamycin by reducing oxygen and glucose consumption. Thus, therapies that arrest proliferation and inhibit anabolic metabolism must be expected to improve energy homeostasis of tumor cells. These results mandate caution when treating physiologically or therapeutically induced hypoxic GBs with mTOR inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Heinzen
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Schleusenweg 2-16, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Iris Divé
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Schleusenweg 2-16, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- University Cancer Center Frankfurt (UCT), University Hospital Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Nadja I Lorenz
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Schleusenweg 2-16, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- University Cancer Center Frankfurt (UCT), University Hospital Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Anna-Luisa Luger
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Schleusenweg 2-16, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- University Cancer Center Frankfurt (UCT), University Hospital Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Joachim P Steinbach
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Schleusenweg 2-16, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- University Cancer Center Frankfurt (UCT), University Hospital Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), University Hospital Frankfurt, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 42-44, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Michael W Ronellenfitsch
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Schleusenweg 2-16, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- University Cancer Center Frankfurt (UCT), University Hospital Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), University Hospital Frankfurt, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 42-44, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Ronellenfitsch MW, Luger AL, Steinbach JP. EGFR and mTOR as therapeutic targets in glioblastoma. Oncotarget 2019; 10:4721-4723. [PMID: 31413813 PMCID: PMC6677661 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Ronellenfitsch
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; University Cancer Center Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; German Cancer Consortium, Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Frankfurt Cancer Institute, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Anna-Luisa Luger
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; University Cancer Center Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; German Cancer Consortium, Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Frankfurt Cancer Institute, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Joachim P Steinbach
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; University Cancer Center Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; German Cancer Consortium, Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Frankfurt Cancer Institute, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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The physiological mTOR complex 1 inhibitor DDIT4 mediates therapy resistance in glioblastoma. Br J Cancer 2019; 120:481-487. [PMID: 30745581 PMCID: PMC6461855 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-018-0368-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite significant advances in the understanding of glioblastoma genetics and biology, survival is still poor. Hypoxia and nutrient depletion in the tumour microenvironment induce adaptive signalling and metabolic responses, which can influence sensitivity to therapeutic regimens. DNA damage-inducible transcript 4 (DDIT4) is a protein induced by hypoxia and in response to DNA stress. Mechanistically, DDIT4 inhibits mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signalling by activation of the tuberous sclerosis 1/2 (TSC1/2) complex. Methods Using short hairpin RNA-mediated gene suppression as well as doxycycline-regulated gene induction, we developed a glioblastoma cell model to study effects of DDIT4 under conditions of the glioblastoma microenvironment and therapy. Results We found an intact DDIT4-mTORC1 signalling axis in human glioblastoma cells that was inducible by hypoxia. Temozolomide and radiotherapy also induced DDIT4 and repressed mTORC1 activity in some glioblastoma cell lines. DDIT4 gene suppression sensitised glioma cells towards hypoxia-induced cell death, while DDIT4 overexpression protected them. Additionally, in clonogenic survival analyses, DDIT4 induction conferred protection from radiotherapy and temozolomide, while DDIT4 gene suppression sensitised cells. Conclusions We identified DDIT4 as a cell-intrinsic regulator for adaptive responses and therapy resistance in glioblastoma cells which may interfere with cell death induction by temozolomide, radiotherapy or hypoxia by inhibiting mTORC1 activity.
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Ronellenfitsch MW, Zeiner PS, Mittelbronn M, Urban H, Pietsch T, Reuter D, Senft C, Steinbach JP, Westphal M, Harter PN. Akt and mTORC1 signaling as predictive biomarkers for the EGFR antibody nimotuzumab in glioblastoma. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2018; 6:81. [PMID: 30129426 PMCID: PMC6102828 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-018-0583-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) is the most frequent primary brain tumor in adults with a dismal prognosis despite aggressive treatment including surgical resection, radiotherapy and chemotherapy with the alkylating agent temozolomide. Thus far, the successful implementation of the concept of targeted therapy where a drug targets a selective alteration in cancer cells was mainly limited to model diseases with identified genetic drivers. One of the most commonly altered oncogenic drivers of GB and therefore plausible therapeutic target is the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Trials targeting this signaling cascade, however, have been negative, including the phase III OSAG 101-BSA-05 trial. This highlights the need for further patient selection to identify subgroups of GB with true EGFR-dependency. In this retrospective analysis of treatment-naïve samples of the OSAG 101-BSA-05 trial cohort, we identify the EGFR signaling activity markers phosphorylated PRAS40 and phosphorylated ribosomal protein S6 as predictive markers for treatment efficacy of the EGFR-blocking antibody nimotuzumab in MGMT promoter unmethylated GBs. Considering the total trial population irrespective of MGMT status, a clear trend towards a survival benefit from nimotuzumab was already detectable when tumors had above median levels of phosphorylated ribosomal protein S6. These results could constitute a basis for further investigations of nimotuzumab or other EGFR- and downstream signaling inhibitors in selected patient cohorts using the reported criteria as candidate predictive biomarkers.
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Mutlu P, Yalçin Azarkan S, Taghavi Pourianazar N, Yücel M, Gündüz U. Determination of the relationship between doxorubicin resistance and Wnt signaling pathway in HeLa and K562 cell lines. EXCLI JOURNAL 2018; 17:386-398. [PMID: 29805346 PMCID: PMC5962902 DOI: 10.17179/excli2018-1129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Activation of the Wnt signaling in some types of cancer and its relation with chemotherapy resistance is a very interesting issue that has been emphasized in recent years. Although, it is known that increase in the activity of β-catenin is important in blast transformation and drug resistance, the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. In this study, changes in the expression levels of 186 genes that are thought to be important in drug resistance and Wnt signaling pathways were determined by using qPCR method in doxorubicin-sensitive and -resistant HeLa and K562 cell lines. It has been observed that the genes involved in the Wnt signaling pathways are involved in more changes in HeLa/Dox cells (36 genes) than in the K562/Dox cells (17 genes). Genes important for the development of cancer resistance have been found to be significantly different in expression levels of 18 genes in HeLa/Dox cells and 20 genes in K562/Dox cells. In both cell lines, the expression of ABCB1 gene was significantly increased to 160 and 103 fold, respectively. However, despite the resistance to same drug in HeLa and K562 cell lines, it appears that the expression levels of different oncogenes and genes involved in Wnt signaling pathways have been altered. It has been found that although resistance develops to the same drug in both cell lines, the expression levels of different genes have changed. If functional analysis of these genes is performed on patient population groups, these molecules may become candidates for novel therapeutic target molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelin Mutlu
- Central Laboratory Molecular Biology and Biotechnology R&D, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Serap Yalçin Azarkan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Ahi Evran University, Kirsehir, Turkey
| | | | - Meral Yücel
- Central Laboratory Molecular Biology and Biotechnology R&D, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ufuk Gündüz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
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10
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Clinically Relevant Radioactive Dose Formulation of 177
Lu-Labeled Cetuximab-Fab Fragment for Potential Use in Cancer Theranostics. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201702224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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11
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Thiepold AL, Lorenz NI, Foltyn M, Engel AL, Divé I, Urban H, Heller S, Bruns I, Hofmann U, Dröse S, Harter PN, Mittelbronn M, Steinbach JP, Ronellenfitsch MW. Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 activation sensitizes human glioma cells to hypoxia-induced cell death. Brain 2017; 140:2623-2638. [PMID: 28969371 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awx196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas are characterized by fast uncontrolled growth leading to hypoxic areas and necrosis. Signalling from EGFR via mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is a major driver of cell growth and proliferation and one of the most commonly altered signalling pathways in glioblastomas. Therefore, epidermal growth factor receptor and mTORC1 signalling are plausible therapeutic targets and clinical trials with inhibitors are in progress. However, we have previously shown that epidermal growth factor receptor and mTORC1 inhibition triggers metabolic changes leading to adverse effects under the conditions of the tumour microenvironment by protecting from hypoxia-induced cell death. We hypothesized that conversely mTORC1 activation sensitizes glioma cells to hypoxia-induced cell death. As a model for mTORC1 activation we used gene suppression of its physiological inhibitor TSC2 (TSC2sh). TSC2sh glioma cells showed increased sensitivity to hypoxia-induced cell death that was accompanied by an earlier ATP depletion and an increase in reactive oxygen species. There was no difference in extracellular glucose consumption but an altered intracellular metabolic profile with an increase of intermediates of the pentose phosphate pathway. Mechanistically, mTORC1 upregulated the first and rate limiting enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway, G6PD. Furthermore, an increase in oxygen consumption in TSC2sh cells was detected. This appeared to be due to higher transcription rates of genes involved in mitochondrial respiratory function including PPARGC1A and PPARGC1B (also known as PGC-1α and -β). The finding that mTORC1 activation causes an increase in oxygen consumption and renders malignant glioma cells susceptible to hypoxia and nutrient deprivation could help identify glioblastoma patient cohorts more likely to benefit from hypoxia-inducing therapies such as the VEGFA-targeting antibody bevacizumab in future clinical evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Luisa Thiepold
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nadja I Lorenz
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Martha Foltyn
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Anna L Engel
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Iris Divé
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Hans Urban
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sonja Heller
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ines Bruns
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ute Hofmann
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart and University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Dröse
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Patrick N Harter
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Institute of Neurology (Edinger-Institute), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Michel Mittelbronn
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Institute of Neurology (Edinger-Institute), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Joachim P Steinbach
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Michael W Ronellenfitsch
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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12
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Ilkhanizadeh S, Lau J, Huang M, Foster DJ, Wong R, Frantz A, Wang S, Weiss WA, Persson AI. Glial progenitors as targets for transformation in glioma. Adv Cancer Res 2015; 121:1-65. [PMID: 24889528 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800249-0.00001-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Glioma is the most common primary malignant brain tumor and arises throughout the central nervous system. Recent focus on stem-like glioma cells has implicated neural stem cells (NSCs), a minor precursor population restricted to germinal zones, as a potential source of gliomas. In this review, we focus on the relationship between oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs), the largest population of cycling glial progenitors in the postnatal brain, and gliomagenesis. OPCs can give rise to gliomas, with signaling pathways associated with NSCs also playing key roles during OPC lineage development. Gliomas can also undergo a switch from progenitor- to stem-like phenotype after therapy, consistent with an OPC-origin even for stem-like gliomas. Future in-depth studies of OPC biology may shed light on the etiology of OPC-derived gliomas and reveal new therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Ilkhanizadeh
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jasmine Lau
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Miller Huang
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Daniel J Foster
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA; Sandler Neurosciences Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Robyn Wong
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Aaron Frantz
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA; Sandler Neurosciences Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Susan Wang
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA; Sandler Neurosciences Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - William A Weiss
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Anders I Persson
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA; Sandler Neurosciences Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
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13
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A pilot study on EGFR-targeted molecular imaging of PET/CT With 11C-PD153035 in human gliomas. Clin Nucl Med 2014; 39:e20-6. [PMID: 24335566 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0b013e3182a23b73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
11C-PD153035, a potent and specific ATP-competitive tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) of the EGF receptor, has been developed for PET imaging of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in lung cancer. The objective of the present study was to investigate the relationship of the accumulation of 11C-PD153035 and the EGFR expression level in human gliomas and to explore whether 11C-PD153035 can be used in the molecular imaging of glioma with EGFR overexpression. Eleven patients with histopathologically proven gliomas underwent 11C-PD153035 PET/CT examination before surgery. Combining MRI with the 11C-PD153035 PET/CT image, 2 specimens from different C-PD153035 uptake regions of each tumor and adjacent normal brain tissue were selected as the biopsy targets through the stereotactic technique. The radioactivity concentrations were analyzed as the mathematical maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) in region of interest (ROI). The EGFR expression in the biopsied tissues was analyzed by immunohistochemical staining (IHC) and western blotting. The SUVmax/WM (11C-PD153035 uptake in the white matter of the contralateral normal hemisphere) ratio was used to indicate the EGFR expression level in the ROI in PET/CT, and it was correlated with the EGFR expression detected by IHC and western blot analysis. The results demonstrated that 6 of the 8 patients with glioblastoma (GBM) were obviously visualized by 11C-PD153035 PET/CT, whereas 2 patients with GBM, 1 with anaplastic astrocytoma, and 2 with oligodendroglioma did not show significant 11C-PD153035 uptake. There were positive correlations between the SUVmax/WM and the results of IHC (r = 0.955, P < 0.01) and western blotting(r = 0.889, P < 0.010). Our preliminary findings suggest that 11C-PD153035 PET/CT is a promising method for the EGFR-targeted molecular imaging of human GBM, which may be translated into the clinic to select the appropriate population of patients for EGFR-targeted therapy and to assess the early targeted therapeutic response of malignant gliomas.
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14
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Cho HY, Wang W, Jhaveri N, Lee DJ, Sharma N, Dubeau L, Schönthal AH, Hofman FM, Chen TC. NEO212, Temozolomide Conjugated to Perillyl Alcohol, Is a Novel Drug for Effective Treatment of a Broad Range of Temozolomide-Resistant Gliomas. Mol Cancer Ther 2014; 13:2004-17. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-13-0964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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15
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EZH2 silencing with RNA interference induces G2/M arrest in human lung cancer cells in vitro. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:348728. [PMID: 24745014 PMCID: PMC3976908 DOI: 10.1155/2014/348728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nonsmall-cell lung cancer has a high mortality rate and poor prognosis. In the present study, we silenced EZH2 and explored the consequent cell cycle changes. The expression of cell-cycle-related proteins, including p53, p21, Cdc2, and cyclin B1, was detected with western blotting, and the cell cycle distribution was determined with flow cytometry. Inhibition of EZH2 expression changed the cell cycle distribution, in particular inducing G2/M arrest. Expression of Cdc2 and cyclin B1 was significantly decreased in A549 and HTB-56 cells after EZH2-siRNA treatment. In addition, p53 expression was increased by 21% and 18%, and p21 expression was increased by 31% and 23%, in A549 and HTB-56 cells, respectively, in the presence of EZH2-siRNA. This study clearly demonstrates that modulation of EZH2 expression with siRNA affects the cell cycle and the expression levels of p53 and p21, thereby changing cyclin B1 and Cdc2 expression and inducing G2/M arrest. These results may explain the observed antitumor activity of EZH2 silencing. Such explorations of the molecular mechanism of EZH2 will help us develop novel approaches to the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of nonsmall-cell lung cancer.
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16
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Lu J, Sun D, Gao S, Gao Y, Ye J, Liu P. Cyclovirobuxine D Induces Autophagy-Associated Cell Death via the Akt/mTOR Pathway in MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer Cells. J Pharmacol Sci 2014; 125:74-82. [DOI: 10.1254/jphs.14013fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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17
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Ajeawung NF, Joshi HC, Kamnasaran D. The microtubule binding drug EM011 inhibits the growth of paediatric low grade gliomas. Cancer Lett 2013; 335:109-18. [PMID: 23402815 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Low grade gliomas are a heterogeneous group of tumours representing the most common form of neoplasms in the central nervous system among children. Although gross total resection remains the principal treatment, it is often impractical especially for the resection of tumours within eloquent regions of the brain. Instead Radiotherapy is utilised in such cases, but because of its associated toxicities, it is refrained from use among younger children. These limitations coupled with hypersensitivity and toxicities associated with some commonly used chemotherapeutic agents, have ignited the need to search for safer and more effective treatments for paediatric low grade gliomas. In this study, we investigated the EM011 drug on the growth of two pilocytic and one diffuse paediatric astrocytoma cell lines, using an assortment of cancer assays. We discovered that treatments of low grade gliomas with EM011 abrogated cell viability by inducing a decrease in cell proliferation and an arrest in the S and G2M cell cycle phases, followed by a converse increase in apoptosis in a dose and time dependent manner. The cell migratory and invasion indices, as well as anchorage independent growth in soft agarose, were significantly attenuated. These findings were mechanistically associated with a transient release of AIF, a disruption of microtubule architecture, and a decline in the expression of key genes which drive cancer progression including EGFR, mTORC1, JUN and multiple MMPs. In fact, the activity of MMP2 was also perturbed by EM011. These findings, in conjunction with the insignificant adverse side effects established from other studies, make EM011 an appealing chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of paediatric low grade gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert F Ajeawung
- Pediatric Research Unit, Centre de Recherche du CHUL, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 4G2
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18
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Li N, Chen J, Bai Y, Bai WY. Role of the p38MAPK signaling pathway in EGF-induced u-PA expression in esophageal adenocarcinoma SEG-1 cells. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2012; 20:1458-1462. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v20.i16.1458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To study the effect of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on the mRNA and protein expression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA) in esophageal adenocarcinoma SEG-1 cells and to detect the role of the p38MAPK signaling pathway in this process.
METHODS: After SEG-1 cells non-pre-incubated or pre-incubated with SB203580 (a p38MAPK inhibitor) for two hours were treated with EGF (100 μg/L) for different durations, the protein expression of total p38MAPK, phosphorylated p38MAPK and u-PA was determined by Western blot, and the expression of u-PA mRNA was examined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).
RESULTS: Treatment with EGF significantly increased the mRNA and protein expressions of u-PA and induced p38 kinase phosphorylation in SEG-1 cells in a time-dependent manner. SB203580 could sufficiently suppress EGF-induced p38MAPK phosphorylation and significantly attenuate EGF-induced u-PA mRNA and protein expression in SEG-1 cells in a dose-dependent manner.
CONCLUSION: EGF can significantly induce u-PA in SEG-1 cells by activating the p38MAPK signaling pathway.
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Abstract
Glial tumors have demonstrated abilities to sustain growth via recruitment of glial progenitor cells (GPCs), which is believed to be driven by chemotactic cues. Previous studies have illustrated that mouse GPCs of different genetic backgrounds are able to replicate the dispersion pattern seen in the human disease. How GPCs with genetic backgrounds transformed by tumor paracrine signaling respond to extracellular cues via migration is largely unexplored, and remains a limiting factor in utilizing GPCs as therapeutic targets. In this study, we utilized a microfluidic device to examine the chemotaxis of three genetically-altered mouse GPC populations towards tumor conditioned media, as well as towards three growth factors known to initiate the chemotaxis of cells excised from glial tumors: Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF), Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-BB (PDGF-BB), and Transforming Growth Factor-α (TGF-α). Our results illustrate that GPC types studied exhibited chemoattraction and chemorepulsion by different concentrations of the same ligand, as well as enhanced migration in the presence of ultra-low ligand concentrations within environments of high concentration gradient. These findings contribute towards our understanding of the causative and supportive roles that GPCs play in tumor growth and reoccurrence, and also point to GPCs as potential therapeutic targets for glioma treatment.
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20
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The Clinical and Prognostic Significance of Activated AKT-mTOR Pathway in Human Astrocytomas. Neurol Res Int 2012; 2012:454957. [PMID: 22530122 PMCID: PMC3316974 DOI: 10.1155/2012/454957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2011] [Revised: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 12/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytomas, the most common type of gliomas, and especially grade IV glioblastomas are “endowed” with strong proliferation and invasion potentials, high recurrence rate, and poor patients' prognosis. Aberrant signaling of AKT-mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) has been implicated in carcinogenesis. This paper is focused on the impact of deregulated AKT-mTOR signaling components in the clinical outcome and prognosis of human astrocytomas. Current therapeutic targeting of astrocytomas with AKT-mTOR inhibitors in preclinical and clinical stage is also discussed, including future perspectives regarding the management of these devastating tumors.
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21
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Effective inhibition of irradiation on human gliomas growth in vitro and in vivo after epidermal growth factor receptor silencing with RNA interference. Neuroreport 2012; 22:773-7. [PMID: 21876467 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0b013e32834af64f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we found that irradiation in the presence of small interfering RNA-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) arrested U373 glioma cells in G₀ and G₁ phases, delayed cell cycle progression, and effectively inhibited cell proliferation compared with cells that received only radiotherapy. In addition, combined therapy enhanced the percent of apoptotic U373 cells in vitro and also reduced the tumor size and increased the survival rate in tumor xenograft studies. This study demonstrates the antitumor activity of ionizing radiation therapy in combination with small interfering RNA-EGFR in gliomas both in vitro and in vivo and provides a scientific rationale for targeting EGFR to enhance the sensitivity to radiotherapy in patients with glioblastoma multiforme.
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22
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Transforming growth factor α transforms astrocytes to a growth-supportive phenotype after spinal cord injury. J Neurosci 2011; 31:15173-87. [PMID: 22016551 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3441-11.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are both detrimental and beneficial for repair and recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI). These dynamic cells are primary contributors to the growth-inhibitory glial scar, yet they are also neuroprotective and can form growth-supportive bridges on which axons traverse. We have shown that intrathecal administration of transforming growth factor α (TGFα) to the contused mouse spinal cord can enhance astrocyte infiltration and axonal growth within the injury site, but the mechanisms of these effects are not well understood. The present studies demonstrate that the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is upregulated primarily by astrocytes and glial progenitors early after SCI. TGFα directly activates the EGFR on these cells in vitro, inducing their proliferation, migration, and transformation to a phenotype that supports robust neurite outgrowth. Overexpression of TGFα in vivo by intraparenchymal adeno-associated virus injection adjacent to the injury site enhances cell proliferation, alters astrocyte distribution, and facilitates increased axonal penetration at the rostral lesion border. To determine whether endogenous EGFR activation is required after injury, SCI was also performed on Velvet (C57BL/6J-Egfr(Vel)/J) mice, a mutant strain with defective EGFR activity. The affected mice exhibited malformed glial borders, larger lesions, and impaired recovery of function, indicating that intrinsic EGFR activation is necessary for neuroprotection and normal glial scar formation after SCI. By further stimulating precursor proliferation and modifying glial activation to promote a growth-permissive environment, controlled stimulation of EGFR at the lesion border may be considered in the context of future strategies to enhance endogenous cellular repair after injury.
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23
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Horbinski C, Hobbs J, Cieply K, Dacic S, Hamilton RL. EGFR expression stratifies oligodendroglioma behavior. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2011; 179:1638-44. [PMID: 21839716 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2011] [Revised: 05/27/2011] [Accepted: 06/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression and signaling contribute to glioma biological features and, thus, are a target for new drug development. The role, if any, of EGFR in routine surgical neuropathological diagnostics is less clear. Herein, we describe prospective EGFR IHC analysis in an adult cohort comprising 750 infiltrative gliomas. EGFR expression increased with World Health Organization grade but did not significantly differ between grade-matched astrocytic and oligodendroglial tumors. Survival did not significantly differ by EGFR expression among astrocytic tumors adjusted for World Health Organization grade. However, grade II oligodendrogliomas with strong EGFR expression and 1p/19q codeletion showed reduced survival, compared with their codeleted counterparts with weaker EGFR expression. Surprisingly, an inverse phenomenon was found with grade III anaplastic oligodendrogliomas, in which stronger EGFR expression was a favorable marker for survival. Among all gliomas, the likelihood of EGFR amplification, as viewed by fluorescence in situ hybridization, increased with the strength of EGFR expression, and <1% of cases with weak or no EGFR immunostaining showed amplification. These data suggest that EGFR IHC is useful in certain circumstances (ie, it may help supplement 1p/19q prognostic information in oligodendroglial tumors and screen out cases that would not benefit from more costly EGFR fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Horbinski
- Department of Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
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