1
|
Sardoiwala MN, Kushwaha AC, Dev A, Shrimali N, Guchhait P, Karmakar S, Roy Choudhury S. Hypericin-Loaded Transferrin Nanoparticles Induce PP2A-Regulated BMI1 Degradation in Colorectal Cancer-Specific Chemo-Photodynamic Therapy. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:3139-3153. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Avinash Chandra Kushwaha
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Habitat Centre, Phase 10, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Atul Dev
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Habitat Centre, Phase 10, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Nishith Shrimali
- Disease Biology Laboratory, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, National Capital Region Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | - Prasenjit Guchhait
- Disease Biology Laboratory, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, National Capital Region Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | - Surajit Karmakar
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Habitat Centre, Phase 10, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Subhasree Roy Choudhury
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Habitat Centre, Phase 10, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fishelson Z, Kirschfink M. Complement C5b-9 and Cancer: Mechanisms of Cell Damage, Cancer Counteractions, and Approaches for Intervention. Front Immunol 2019; 10:752. [PMID: 31024572 PMCID: PMC6467965 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The interactions of cancer cells with components of the complement system are highly complex, leading to an outcome that is either favorable or detrimental to cancer cells. Currently, we perceive only the "tip of the iceberg" of these interactions. In this review, we focus on the complement terminal C5b-9 complex, known also as the complement membrane attack complex (MAC) and discuss the complexity of its interaction with cancer cells, starting with a discussion of its proposed mode of action in mediating cell death, and continuing with a portrayal of the strategies of evasion exhibited by cancer cells, and closing with a proposal of treatment approaches targeted at evasion strategies. Upon intense complement activation and membrane insertion of sufficient C5b-9 complexes, the afflicted cells undergo regulated necrotic cell death with characteristic damage to intracellular organelles, including mitochondria, and perforation of the plasma membrane. Several pro-lytic factors have been proposed, including elevated intracellular calcium ion concentrations and activated JNK, Bid, RIPK1, RIPK3, and MLKL; however, further research is required to fully characterize the effective cell death signals activated by the C5b-9 complexes. Cancer cells over-express a multitude of protective measures which either block complement activation, thus reducing the number of membrane-inserted C5b-9 complexes, or facilitate the elimination of C5b-9 from the cell surface. Concomitantly, cancer cells activate several protective pathways that counteract the death signals. Blockage of complement activation is mediated by the complement membrane regulatory proteins CD46, CD55, and CD59 and by soluble complement regulators, by proteases that cleave complement proteins and by protein kinases, like CK2, which phosphorylate complement proteins. C5b-9 elimination and inhibition of cell death signals are mediated by caveolin and dynamin, by Hsp70 and Hsp90, by the mitochondrial stress protein mortalin, and by the protein kinases PKC and ERK. It is conceivable that various cancers and cancers at different stages of development will utilize distinct patterns of these and other MAC resistance strategies. In order to enhance the impact of antibody-based therapy on cancer, novel precise reagents that block the most effective protective strategies will have to be designed and applied as adjuvants to the therapeutic antibodies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zvi Fishelson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Targeting peroxiredoxin 1 impairs growth of breast cancer cells and potently sensitises these cells to prooxidant agents. Br J Cancer 2018; 119:873-884. [PMID: 30287919 PMCID: PMC6189216 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-018-0263-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our previous work has shown peroxiredoxin-1 (PRDX1), one of major antioxidant enzymes, to be a biomarker in human breast cancer. Hereby, we further investigate the role of PRDX1, compared to its close homolog PRDX2, in mammary malignant cells. METHODS CRISPR/Cas9- or RNAi-based methods were used for genetic targeting PRDX1/2. Cell growth was assessed by crystal violet, EdU incorporation or colony formation assays. In vivo growth was assessed by a xenotransplantation model. Adenanthin was used to inhibit the thioredoxin-dependent antioxidant defense system. The prooxidant agents used were hydrogen peroxide, glucose oxidase and sodium L-ascorbate. A PY1 probe or HyPer-3 biosensor were used to detect hydrogen peroxide content in samples. RESULTS PRDX1 downregulation significantly impaired the growth rate of MCF-7 and ZR-75-1 breast cancer cells. Likewise, xenotransplanted PRDX1-deficient MCF-7 cells presented a retarded tumour growth. Furthermore, genetic targeting of PRDX1 or adenanthin, but not PRDX2, potently sensitised all six cancer cell lines studied, but not the non-cancerous cells, to glucose oxidase and ascorbate. CONCLUSIONS Our study pinpoints the dominant role for PRDX1 in management of exogeneous oxidative stress by breast cancer cells and substantiates further exploration of PRDX1 as a target in this disease, especially when combined with prooxidant agents.
Collapse
|
4
|
|
5
|
Gaber M, Medhat W, Hany M, Saher N, Fang JY, Elzoghby A. Protein-lipid nanohybrids as emerging platforms for drug and gene delivery: Challenges and outcomes. J Control Release 2017; 254:75-91. [PMID: 28365294 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.03.392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticulate drug delivery systems have been long used to deliver a vast range of drugs and bioactives owing to their ability to demonstrate novel physical, chemical, and/or biological properties. An exponential growth has spurred in research and development of these nanocarriers which led to the evolution of a great number of diverse nanosystems including liposomes, nanoemulsions, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), micelles, dendrimers, polymeric nanoparticles (NPs), metallic NPs, and carbon nanotubes. Among them, lipid-based nanocarriers have made the largest progress whether commercially or under development. Despite this progress, these lipid-based nanocarriers suffer from several limitations that led to the development of many protein-coated lipid nanocarriers. To less extent, protein-based nanocarriers suffer from limitations that led to the fabrication of some lipid bilayer enveloping protein nanocarriers. This review discusses in-depth some limitations associated with the lipid-based or protein-based nanocarriers and the fruitful outcomes brought by protein-lipid hybridization. Also discussed are the various hybridization techniques utilized to formulate these protein-lipid nanohybrids and the mechanisms involved in the drug loading process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Gaber
- Cancer Nanotechnology Research Laboratory (CNRL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
| | - Waseem Medhat
- Cancer Nanotechnology Research Laboratory (CNRL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
| | - Mark Hany
- Cancer Nanotechnology Research Laboratory (CNRL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
| | - Nourhan Saher
- Cancer Nanotechnology Research Laboratory (CNRL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
| | - Jia-You Fang
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kweishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
| | - Ahmed Elzoghby
- Cancer Nanotechnology Research Laboratory (CNRL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt; Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kourtzelis I, Rafail S. The dual role of complement in cancer and its implication in anti-tumor therapy. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2016; 4:265. [PMID: 27563652 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2016.06.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation has been linked to the initiation of carcinogenesis, as well as the advancement of established tumors. The polarization of the tumor inflammatory microenvironment can contribute to either the control, or the progression of the disease. The emerging participation of members of the complement cascade in several hallmarks of cancer, renders it a potential target for anti-tumor treatment. Moreover, the presence of complement regulatory proteins (CRPs) in most types of tumor cells is known to impede anti-tumor therapies. This review focuses on our current knowledge of complement's potential involvement in shaping the inflammatory tumor microenvironment and its role on the regulation of angiogenesis and hypoxia. Furthermore, we discuss approaches using complement-based therapies as an adjuvant in tumor immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Kourtzelis
- Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Stavros Rafail
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Taylor RP, Lindorfer MA. Cytotoxic mechanisms of immunotherapy: Harnessing complement in the action of anti-tumor monoclonal antibodies. Semin Immunol 2016; 28:309-16. [PMID: 27009480 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Several mAbs that have been approved for the treatment of cancer make use of complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) to eliminate tumor cells. Comprehensive investigations, based on in vitro studies, mouse models and analyses of patient blood samples after mAb treatment have provided key insights into the details of individual steps in the CDC reaction. Based on the lessons learned from these studies, new and innovative approaches are now being developed to increase the clinical efficacy of next generation mAbs with respect to CDC. These improvements include engineering changes in the mAbs to enhance their ability to activate complement. In addition, mAb dosing paradigms are being developed that take into account the capacity as well as the limitations of the complement system to eliminate a substantial burden of mAb-opsonized cells. Over the next few years it is likely these approaches will lead to mAbs that are far more effective in the treatment of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronald P Taylor
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States.
| | - Margaret A Lindorfer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mamidi S, Höne S, Teufel C, Sellner L, Zenz T, Kirschfink M. Neutralization of membrane complement regulators improves complement-dependent effector functions of therapeutic anticancer antibodies targeting leukemic cells. Oncoimmunology 2015; 4:e979688. [PMID: 25949896 PMCID: PMC4404820 DOI: 10.4161/2162402x.2014.979688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) is one of the effector mechanisms mediated by therapeutic anticancer monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). However, the efficacy of antibodies is limited by the resistance of malignant cells to complement attack, primarily due to the over-expression of one or more membrane complement regulatory proteins (mCRPs) CD46, CD55, and CD59. CD20-positive Burkitt lymphoma Raji cells and primary CLL cells are resistant to rituximab (RTX)-induced CDC whereas ofatumumab (OFA) proved to be more efficient in cell killing. Primary CLL cells but not CD52-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) REH cells were sensitive to alemtuzumab (ALM)-induced CDC. Upon combined inhibition on Raji and CLL cells by mCRPs-specific siRNAs or neutralizing antibodies, CDC induced by RTX and by OFA was augmented. Similarly, CDC of REH cells was enhanced after mCRPs were inhibited upon treatment with ALM. All mAbs induced C3 opsonization, which was significantly augmented upon blocking mCRPs. C3 opsonization led to enhanced cell-mediated cytotoxicity of leukemia cells exposed to PBLs or macrophages. Furthermore, opsonized CLL cells were efficiently phagocytized by macrophages. Our results provide conclusive evidence that inhibition of mCRPs expression sensitizes leukemic cells to complement attack thereby enhancing the therapeutic effect of mAbs targeting leukemic cells.
Collapse
Key Words
- ADCC, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity
- ALM, Alemtuzumab
- CDC, complement-dependent cytotoxicity
- CDCC, complement-dependent cellular cytotoxicity
- MAC, membrane attack complex
- NHS, Normal Human Serum
- OFA, Ofatumumab
- PBLs, peripheral blood leukocytes
- RTX, Rituximab
- TRX, Trastuzumab
- alemtuzumab
- chronic lymphocytic leukemia
- complement regulatory proteins
- complement-dependent cytotoxicity
- mCRP, membrane-bound complement regulatory protein
- ofatumumab
- opsonization
- rituximab
- siRNA, small interfering RNA
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Mamidi
- Institute for Immunology; University of Heidelberg; Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simon Höne
- Institute for Immunology; University of Heidelberg; Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Teufel
- Institute for Immunology; University of Heidelberg; Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Leopold Sellner
- Department of Translational Oncology; National Center for Tumour Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Medicine V; University of Heidelberg; Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Zenz
- Department of Translational Oncology; National Center for Tumour Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Medicine V; University of Heidelberg; Heidelberg, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|