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Mao B, Yi Y, Mo Q, Yang C, Zhong Q. Metabolic profiling reveals the heterogeneity of vascular endothelial function phenotypes in individuals at extreme cardiovascular risk. RSC Adv 2019; 9:30033-30044. [PMID: 35530249 PMCID: PMC9072126 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra05526f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Maladapted vascular endothelial metabolism in the context of endothelial function differing in phenotype remains unknown, which limits our understanding of the heterogeneous pathogenesis of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study aimed to profile serum metabolic alterations of different vascular endothelial function phenotypes in asymptomatic adults at extreme cardiovascular risk. In addition to 12 CVD patients, 103 individuals free of CVD were categorized as having normal endothelial function (NEF) (n = 30), cardiovascular risk-promoting endothelial function (PEF) (n = 18), cardiovascular risk-resistant endothelial function (REF) (n = 25), and vulnerable endothelial function (VEF) (n = 30). Serum metabolic profiles were detected using gas chromatography time-of-flight/mass spectrometry and multivariate statistics. Compared to the NEF group, a total of 17, 17, 22, and 13 differential metabolites were identified in the PEF, REF, VEF, and CVD groups, respectively. Of the altered metabolic pathways, multiple pathways were consistent between the PEF and CVD groups, including pyrimidine metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, arginine and proline metabolism, and d-glutamine and d-glutamate metabolism. Notably, a relative increase in low-calorie sugar in galactose metabolism was exclusively found in the REF group, and a relative increase in the ratio of acetyl-CoA to CoA was suggested in the VEF group based on elevated butanoate metabolism and reduced pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis. Our findings clearly indicate distinct metabolic patterns across groups with heterogeneous vascular endothelial function in the context of extreme cardiovascular risk, and improve our understanding of the pathogenic heterogeneity of early CVD in asymptomatic populations. This metabolomics analysis has revealed the maladapted vascular endothelial metabolism across individuals with heterogeneous vascular endothelial function in the context of extreme cardiovascular risk.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoyu Mao
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases
- Guangxi Medical University School of Public Health
- Nanning 530021
- China
| | - Yanshan Yi
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases
- Guangxi Medical University School of Public Health
- Nanning 530021
- China
| | - Qiuyan Mo
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases
- Guangxi Medical University School of Public Health
- Nanning 530021
- China
| | - Chunxiu Yang
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases
- Guangxi Medical University School of Public Health
- Nanning 530021
- China
| | - Qiuan Zhong
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases
- Guangxi Medical University School of Public Health
- Nanning 530021
- China
- Department of Epidemiology
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Prognostic Value and Therapeutic Perspectives of Coronary CT Angiography: A Literature Review. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:6528238. [PMID: 30306089 PMCID: PMC6165606 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6528238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Coronary stenosis severity is both a powerful and a still debated predictor of prognosis in coronary artery disease. Coronary computed tomographic angiography (CCTA) has emerged as a noninvasive technique that enables anatomic visualization of coronary artery disease (CAD). CCTA with newer applications, plaque characterization and physiologic/functional evaluation, allows a comprehensive diagnostic and prognostic assessment of otherwise low-intermediate subjects for primary prevention. CCTA measures the overall plaque burden, differentiates plaque subtypes, and identifies high-risk plaque with good reproducibility. Research in this field may also advance towards an era of personalized risk prediction and individualized medical therapy. It has been demonstrated that statins may delay plaque progression and change some plaque features. The potential effects on plaque modifications induced by other medical therapies have also been investigated. Although it is not currently possible to recommend routinely serial scans to monitor the therapeutic efficacy of medical interventions, the plaque modulation, as a part of risk modification, appears a feasible strategy. In this review we summarize the current evidence regarding vulnerable plaque and effects of lipid lowering therapy on morphological features of CAD. We also discuss the potential ability of CCTA to characterize coronary atherosclerosis, stratify prognosis of asymptomatic subjects, and guide medical therapy.
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Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography in Combination with Coronary Artery Calcium Scoring for the Preoperative Cardiac Evaluation of Liver Transplant Recipients. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:4081525. [PMID: 28164120 PMCID: PMC5259617 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4081525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Liver transplantation is the best treatment option for early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma, liver cirrhosis, fulminant liver failure, and end-stage liver diseases. Even though advances in surgical techniques and perioperative care have improved postoperative outcomes, perioperative cardiovascular complications are a leading cause of postoperative morbidity and mortality following liver transplantation. Ischemic coronary artery disease (CAD) and cardiomyopathy are the most common cardiovascular diseases and could be negative predictors of postoperative outcomes in liver transplant recipients. Therefore, comprehensive cardiovascular evaluations are required to assess perioperative risks and prevent concomitant cardiovascular complications that would preclude good outcomes in liver transplant recipients. The two major types of cardiac computed tomography are the coronary artery calcium score (CACS) and coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA). CCTA in combination with the CACS is a validated noninvasive alternative to coronary angiography for diagnosing and grading the severity of CAD. A CACS > 400 is associated with significant CAD and a known important predictor of posttransplant cardiovascular complications in liver transplant recipients. In this review article, we discuss the usefulness, advantages, and disadvantages of CCTA combined with CACS as a noninvasive diagnostic tool for preoperative cardiac evaluation and for maximizing the perioperative outcomes of liver transplant recipients.
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Silverman MG, Blaha MJ, Krumholz HM, Budoff MJ, Blankstein R, Sibley CT, Agatston A, Blumenthal RS, Nasir K. Impact of coronary artery calcium on coronary heart disease events in individuals at the extremes of traditional risk factor burden: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Eur Heart J 2013; 35:2232-41. [PMID: 24366919 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS We sought to evaluate the impact of coronary artery calcium (CAC) in individuals at the extremes of risk factor (RF) burden. METHODS AND RESULTS 6698 individuals from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) were followed for coronary heart disease (CHD) events over mean 7.1 ± 1 years. Annualized CHD event rates were compared among each RF category (0, 1, 2, or ≥3) after stratification by CAC score (0, 1-100, 101-300, and >300). The following traditional modifiable RFs were considered: cigarette smoking, LDL cholesterol ≥3.4 mmol/L, low HDL cholesterol, hypertension, and diabetes. There were 1067 subjects (16%) with 0 RFs, whereas 1205 (18%) had ≥3 RFs. Among individuals with 0 RFs, 68% had CAC 0, whereas 12 and 5% had CAC >100 and >300, respectively. Among individuals with ≥3 RFs, 35% had CAC 0, whereas 34 and 19% had CAC >100 and >300, respectively. Overall, 339 (5.1%) CHD events occurred. Individuals with 0 RFs and CAC >300 had an event rate 3.5 times higher than individuals with ≥3 RFs and CAC 0 (10.9/1000 vs. 3.1/1000 person-years). Similar results were seen across categories of Framingham risk score. CONCLUSION Among individuals at the extremes of RF burden, the distribution of CAC is heterogeneous. The presence of a high CAC burden, even among individuals without RFs, is associated with an elevated event rate, whereas the absence of CAC, even among those with many RF, is associated with a low event rate. Coronary artery calcium has the potential to further risk stratify asymptomatic individuals at the extremes of RF burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Silverman
- The Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Baltimore, MD, USA Brigham and Women's Hospital, Cardiovascular Division, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael J Blaha
- The Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Harlan M Krumholz
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and the Robert Wood Johnson Clinical Scholars Program, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, and Section of Health Policy and Administration, Yale School of Public Health; and the Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Matthew J Budoff
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Ron Blankstein
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Cardiovascular Division, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Arthur Agatston
- Center for Prevention and Wellness Research, Baptist Health Medical Group, 1691 Michigan Avenue, Suite 500, Miami Beach, FL 33139, USA
| | - Roger S Blumenthal
- The Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Khurram Nasir
- The Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Baltimore, MD, USA Center for Prevention and Wellness Research, Baptist Health Medical Group, 1691 Michigan Avenue, Suite 500, Miami Beach, FL 33139, USA Department of Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
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