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Lanckoroński M, Gietka P, Mańczak M, Sudoł-Szopińska I. Whole-Body MRI at Initial Presentation of Chronic Recurrent Multifocal Osteomyelitis, Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis, Their Overlapping Syndrome, and Non-Specific Arthropathy. J Clin Med 2024; 13:998. [PMID: 38398312 PMCID: PMC10888598 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13040998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (WB-MRI) is central to defining total inflammatory burden in juveniles with arthritis. Our aim was to determine and compare the initial distribution of lesions in the WB-MRI in patients with chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO), juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), their overlapping syndrome (OS), and with Non-specific Arthropathy (NA). (2) Methods: This retrospective single center study was performed on an Avanto 1.5-T MRI scanner with a dedicated multichannel surface coil system. A total of 173 pediatric patients were included with the following final diagnoses: CRMO (15.0%), JIA (29.5%), OS (4.6%), and NA (50.9%). (3) Results: Bone marrow edema (BME) was the most common abnormality, being seen in 100% patients with CRMO, 88% with OS, 55% with JIA, and 11% with NA. The bones of the lower extremities were the most affected in all compared entities. Effusion was seen in 62.5% children with OS, and in 52.9% with JIA, and in CRMO and NA, the exudate was sporadic. Enthesitis was found in 7.8% of patients with JIA and 3.8% with CRMO, and myositis was seen in 12.5% of patients with OS and in 3.9% with JIA. (4) Conclusions: The most frequent indication for WB-MRI in our center was JIA. The most common pathology in all rheumatic entities was BME, followed by effusion mainly seen in in OS and JIA. Enthesitis and myositis were less common; no case was observed in NA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Lanckoroński
- Department of Radiology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, 1 Spartańska Street, 02-637 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Gietka
- Clinic of Paediatric Rheumatology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, 1 Spartańska Street, 02-637 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Mańczak
- Department of Gerontology, Public Health and Didactics, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation in Warsaw, 1 Spartańska Street, 02-637 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Iwona Sudoł-Szopińska
- Department of Radiology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, 1 Spartańska Street, 02-637 Warsaw, Poland
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Trapani S, Fiordelisi A, Stinco M, Resti M. Update on Fever of Unknown Origin in Children: Focus on Etiologies and Clinical Approach. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 11:20. [PMID: 38255334 PMCID: PMC10814770 DOI: 10.3390/children11010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Fever of unknown origin (FUO) can be caused by four etiological categories of diseases. The most common cause of FUO in children is represented by infections, followed by inflammatory conditions and neoplastic causes; a decreasing quote remains still without diagnosis. Despite the fact that several diagnostic and therapeutic approaches have been proposed since the first definition of FUO, none of them has been fully validated in pediatric populations. A focused review of the patient's history and a thorough physical examination may offer helpful hints in suggesting a likely diagnosis. The diagnostic algorithm should proceed sequentially, and invasive testing should be performed only in select cases, possibly targeted by a diagnostic suspect. Pioneering serum biomarkers have been developed and validated; however, they are still far from becoming part of routine clinical practice. Novel noninvasive imaging techniques have shown promising diagnostic accuracy; however, their positioning in the diagnostic algorithm of pediatric FUO is still not clear. This narrative review aims to provide a synopsis of the existent literature on FUO in children, with its major causes and possible diagnostic workup, to help the clinician tackle the complex spectrum of pediatric FUO in everyday clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Trapani
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
- Pediatric Unit, Meyer Children’s Hospital IRCCS, 50139 Florence, Italy; (A.F.); (M.R.)
| | - Adele Fiordelisi
- Pediatric Unit, Meyer Children’s Hospital IRCCS, 50139 Florence, Italy; (A.F.); (M.R.)
| | | | - Massimo Resti
- Pediatric Unit, Meyer Children’s Hospital IRCCS, 50139 Florence, Italy; (A.F.); (M.R.)
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Tanturri de Horatio L, Zadig PK, von Brandis E, Ording Müller LS, Rosendahl K, Avenarius DFM. Whole-body MRI in children and adolescents: Can T2-weighted Dixon fat-only images replace standard T1-weighted images in the assessment of bone marrow? Eur J Radiol 2023; 166:110968. [PMID: 37478654 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2023.110968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE When performing whole-body MRI for bone marrow assessment in children, optimizing scan time is crucial. The aim was to compare T2 Dixon fat-only and TSE T1-weighted sequences in the assessment of bone marrow high signal areas seen on T2 Dixon water-only in healthy children and adolescents. MATERIALS AND METHODS Whole-body MRIs from 196 healthy children and adolescents aged 6 to 19 years (mean 12.0) were obtained including T2 TSE Dixon and T1 TSE-weighted images. Areas with increased signal on T2 Dixon water-only images were scored using a novel, validated scoring system and classified into "minor" or "major" findings according to size and intensity, where "major" referred to changes easily being misdiagnosed as pathology in a clinical setting. Areas were assessed for low signal on T2 Dixon fat-only images and, after at least three weeks to avoid recall bias, on the T1-weighted sequence by two experienced pediatric radiologists. RESULTS 1250 high signal areas were evaluated on T2 Dixon water-only images. In 1159/1250 (92.7%) low signal was seen on both T2 Dixon fat-only and T1-weighted sequences while in 24 (1.9%) it was not present on either sequence, with an absolute agreement of 94.6%. Discordant findings were found in 67 areas, of which in 18 (1.5%) low signal was visible on T1-weighted images alone and in 49 (3.9%) on T2 Dixon fat-only alone. The overall kappa value between the two sequences was 0.39. The agreement was higher for major as compared to minor findings (kappa values of 0.69 and 0.29, respectively) and higher for the older age groups. CONCLUSION T2 Dixon fat-only can replace T1-weighted sequence on whole-body MRI for bone marrow assessment in children over the age of nine, thus reducing scan time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Tanturri de Horatio
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway; Department of Pediatric Radiology, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, 00165 Rome, Italy.
| | - Pia K Zadig
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway; Department of Radiology, University Hospital of North-Norway, 9038 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Elisabeth von Brandis
- Division of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0372 Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Karen Rosendahl
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway; Department of Radiology, University Hospital of North-Norway, 9038 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Derk F M Avenarius
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway; Department of Radiology, University Hospital of North-Norway, 9038 Tromsø, Norway
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4
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Improving protocols for whole-body magnetic resonance imaging: oncological and inflammatory applications. Pediatr Radiol 2022:10.1007/s00247-022-05478-5. [PMID: 35982340 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-022-05478-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Whole-body MRI is increasingly used in the evaluation of a range of oncological and non-oncological diseases in infants, children and adolescents. Technical innovation in MRI scanners, coils and sequences have enabled whole-body MRI to be performed more rapidly, offering large field-of-view imaging suitable for multifocal and multisystem disease processes in a clinically useful timeframe. Together with a lack of ionizing radiation, this makes whole-body MRI especially attractive in the pediatric population. Indications include lesion detection in cancer predisposition syndrome surveillance and in the workup of children with known malignancies, and diagnosis and monitoring of a host of infectious and non-infectious inflammatory conditions. Choosing which patients are most likely to benefit from this technology is crucial, but so is adjusting protocols to the patient and disease to optimize lesion detection. The focus of this review is on protocols and the elements impacting image acquisition in pediatric whole-body MRI. We consider the practical aspects, from scanner and coil selection to patient positioning, single-center generic and indication-specific protocols with technical parameters, motion reduction strategies and post-processing. When optimized, collectively these lead to better standardization of whole-body MRI, and when married to systematic analysis and interpretation, they can improve diagnostic accuracy.
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5
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Ly KH, Costedoat-Chalumeau N, Liozon E, Dumonteil S, Ducroix JP, Sailler L, Lidove O, Bienvenu B, Decaux O, Hatron PY, Smail A, Astudillo L, Morel N, Boutemy J, Perlat A, Denes E, Lambert M, Papo T, Cypierre A, Vidal E, Preux PM, Monteil J, Fauchais AL. Diagnostic Value of 18F-FDG PET/CT vs. Chest-Abdomen-Pelvis CT Scan in Management of Patients with Fever of Unknown Origin, Inflammation of Unknown Origin or Episodic Fever of Unknown Origin: A Comparative Multicentre Prospective Study. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11020386. [PMID: 35054081 PMCID: PMC8779072 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11020386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorodesoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography (PET/CT) has never been compared to Chest-Abdomen-Pelvis CT (CAPCT) in patients with a fever of unknown origin (FUO), inflammation of unknown origin (IUO) and episodic fever of unknown origin (EFUO) through a prospective and multicentre study. In this study, we investigated the diagnostic value of PET/CT compared to CAPCT in these patients. The trial was performed between 1 May 2008 through 28 February 2013 with 7 French University Hospital centres. Patients who fulfilled the FUO, IUO or EFUO criteria were included. Diagnostic orientation (DO), diagnostic contribution (DC) and time for diagnosis of both imaging resources were evaluated. One hundred and three patients were included with 35 FUO, 35 IUO and 33 EFUO patients. PET/CT showed both a higher DO (28.2% vs. 7.8%, p < 0.001) and DC (19.4% vs. 5.8%, p < 0.001) than CAPCT and reduced the time for diagnosis in patients (3.8 vs. 17.6 months, p = 0.02). Arthralgia (OR 4.90, p = 0.0012), DO of PET/CT (OR 4.09, p = 0.016), CRP > 30 mg/L (OR 3.70, p = 0.033), and chills (OR 3.06, p = 0.0248) were associated with the achievement of a diagnosis (Se: 89.1%, Sp: 56.8%). PET/CT both orients and contributes to diagnoses at a higher rate than CAPCT, especially in patients with FUO and IUO, and reduces the time for diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim-Heang Ly
- Department of Internal Medicine, Limoges University Hospital, CEDEX, 87042 Limoges, France; (E.L.); (S.D.); (E.V.); (A.-L.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-55-5055-8076
| | - Nathalie Costedoat-Chalumeau
- AP-HP, Cochin University Hospital, Internal Medicine Department, Referral Centre for Rare Autoimmune and Systemic Diseases, 75014 Paris, France; (N.C.-C.); (N.M.)
| | - Eric Liozon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Limoges University Hospital, CEDEX, 87042 Limoges, France; (E.L.); (S.D.); (E.V.); (A.-L.F.)
| | - Stéphanie Dumonteil
- Department of Internal Medicine, Limoges University Hospital, CEDEX, 87042 Limoges, France; (E.L.); (S.D.); (E.V.); (A.-L.F.)
| | - Jean-Pierre Ducroix
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amiens University Hospital, 80054 Amiens, France; (J.-P.D.); (A.S.)
| | - Laurent Sailler
- Department of Internal Medicine, CHU Toulouse-Purpan, CEDEX, 31059 Toulouse, France; (L.S.); (L.A.)
| | - Olivier Lidove
- Department of Internal Medicine, Groupe Hospitalier Diaconesses-Croix Saint-Simon, 75020 Paris, France;
| | - Boris Bienvenu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Caen University Hospital, CEDEX 9, 14033 Caen, France; (B.B.); (J.B.)
| | - Olivier Decaux
- Department of Internal Medicine CHU de Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France; (O.D.); (A.P.)
| | - Pierre-Yves Hatron
- Department of Internal Medicine, CHU Claude Huriez, 59000 Lille, France; (P.-Y.H.); (M.L.)
| | - Amar Smail
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amiens University Hospital, 80054 Amiens, France; (J.-P.D.); (A.S.)
| | - Léonardo Astudillo
- Department of Internal Medicine, CHU Toulouse-Purpan, CEDEX, 31059 Toulouse, France; (L.S.); (L.A.)
| | - Nathalie Morel
- AP-HP, Cochin University Hospital, Internal Medicine Department, Referral Centre for Rare Autoimmune and Systemic Diseases, 75014 Paris, France; (N.C.-C.); (N.M.)
| | - Jonathan Boutemy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Caen University Hospital, CEDEX 9, 14033 Caen, France; (B.B.); (J.B.)
| | - Antoinette Perlat
- Department of Internal Medicine CHU de Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France; (O.D.); (A.P.)
| | - Eric Denes
- Department of Infectious Diseases, CHU Limoges, CEDEX, 87042 Limoges, France; (E.D.); (A.C.)
| | - Marc Lambert
- Department of Internal Medicine, CHU Claude Huriez, 59000 Lille, France; (P.-Y.H.); (M.L.)
| | - Thomas Papo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Paris Diderot University, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, 75018 Paris, France;
| | - Anne Cypierre
- Department of Infectious Diseases, CHU Limoges, CEDEX, 87042 Limoges, France; (E.D.); (A.C.)
| | - Elisabeth Vidal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Limoges University Hospital, CEDEX, 87042 Limoges, France; (E.L.); (S.D.); (E.V.); (A.-L.F.)
| | - Pierre-Marie Preux
- Centre d’Epidémiologie de Biostatistique et de Méthodologie de la Recherche, Limoges University Hospital, CEDEX, 87042 Limoges, France;
| | - Jacques Monteil
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Limoges University Hospital, CEDEX, 87042 Limoges, France;
| | - Anne-Laure Fauchais
- Department of Internal Medicine, Limoges University Hospital, CEDEX, 87042 Limoges, France; (E.L.); (S.D.); (E.V.); (A.-L.F.)
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Giani T, Matteoni V, Perrone A, Simonini G, Cimaz R. Whole-body MRI in pediatric undefined inflammatory conditions. Pediatr Int 2021; 63:1282-1288. [PMID: 33567119 DOI: 10.1111/ped.14650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (WBMRI) is a multiregional imaging technique suitable for investigating the extent of multisystemic diseases without exposure to radiation, with a high sensitivity to bone alterations. The aim of our study was to evaluate the role of WBMRI in the workup of children with non-specific musculoskeletal features and non-indicative laboratory and instrumental data, who were suspected to have a rheumatologic disease. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed medical records, including laboratory tests and radiological data of 34 children who had been evaluated due to non-specific musculoskeletal manifestations, for which a WBMRI was prescribed. RESULTS We included 34 children, 19 females and 15 males, mean age 10 years (range 2-16 years), with the following clinical features: diffuse arthralgia (12 children), persistent fever (2 children), persistent fever and diffuse arthralgia (20 children). Serologic inflammatory markers were increased in 29/34 patients. Twenty-five children had already received X-ray and / or ultrasound before WBMRI, with a negative / uninformative result. WBMRI was performed 3-6 weeks (median, 3.5 weeks) after the initial presentation of symptoms. In 22/34 (65%) children, WBMRI revealed some abnormalities that supported the final diagnosis. Twelve out of 34 children (35%) were be affected by chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis. CONCLUSIONS WBMRI is helpful in pediatric rheumatology for the differential diagnosis of undefined inflammatory conditions. It appears to be a promising tool, especially in the detection of multifocal bone lesions. The diagnosis that mainly benefits from WBMRI in our series is chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis. WBMRI can also help in excluding neoplastic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Giani
- Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Meyer Children University Hospital, Florence, Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Veronica Matteoni
- Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Meyer Children University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Anna Perrone
- Radiology Unit, Meyer Children University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Gabriele Simonini
- Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Meyer Children University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Rolando Cimaz
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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7
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Deplano L, Piga M, Porcu M, Stecco A, Suri JS, Mannelli L, Cauli A, Carriero A, Saba L. Whole-Body MRI in Rheumatology: Major Advances and Future Perspectives. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11101770. [PMID: 34679468 PMCID: PMC8534420 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11101770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Whole-body magnetic resonance imaging is constantly gaining more importance in rheumatology, particularly for what concerns the diagnosis, follow-up, and treatment response evaluation. Initially applied principally for the study of ankylosing spondylitis, in the last years, its use has been extended to several other rheumatic diseases. Particularly in the pediatric population, WB-MRI is rapidly becoming the gold-standard technique for the diagnosis and follow-up of both chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis and juvenile spondyloarthritis. In this review, we analyze the benefits and limits of this technique as well as possible future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Deplano
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Cagliari, 09100 Cagliari, Italy; (L.D.); (L.S.)
| | - Matteo Piga
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital of Cagliari, 09100 Cagliari, Italy; (M.P.); (A.C.)
| | - Michele Porcu
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Cagliari, 09100 Cagliari, Italy; (L.D.); (L.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Alessandro Stecco
- Department of Radiology, “Maggiore della Carità” Hospital, University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy; (A.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Jasjit S. Suri
- Stroke Monitoring and Diagnostic Division, AtheroPoint™, Roseville, CA 95661, USA;
| | | | - Alberto Cauli
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital of Cagliari, 09100 Cagliari, Italy; (M.P.); (A.C.)
| | - Alessandro Carriero
- Department of Radiology, “Maggiore della Carità” Hospital, University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy; (A.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Luca Saba
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Cagliari, 09100 Cagliari, Italy; (L.D.); (L.S.)
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Guzmán H, Meza P. INFECCIONES OSTEOARTICULARES EN NIÑOS. REVISTA MÉDICA CLÍNICA LAS CONDES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmclc.2021.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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9
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Sato TS, Ferguson PJ. Whole-body MRI Imaging Is an Essential Tool in Diagnosing and Monitoring Patients With Sterile Osteomyelitis. J Rheumatol 2021; 48:635-637. [PMID: 33649064 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.201507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Shawn Sato
- T.S. Sato, Clinical Assistant Professor, Divisions of Pediatric Radiology and Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa
| | - Polly J Ferguson
- P.J. Ferguson, Professor, Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
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10
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Andronikou S, Kraft JK, Offiah AC, Jones J, Douis H, Thyagarajan M, Barrera CA, Zouvani A, Ramanan AV. Whole-body MRI in the diagnosis of paediatric CNO/CRMO. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 59:2671-2680. [PMID: 32648576 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO) is an auto-inflammatory disorder affecting the skeleton of children and adolescents. Whole-body MRI (WBMRI) is key in the diagnosis and follow-up of CRMO. Imaging protocols should include sagittal short Tau inversion recovery of the spine, imaging of the hands and feet, and T1 images for distinguishing normal bone marrow. CRMO lesions can be metaphyseal, epiphyseal and physeal-potentially causing growth disturbance and deformity. Spinal lesions are common, important and can cause vertebral collapse. Lesion patterns include multifocal tibial and pauci-focal patterns that follow a predictable presentation and course of disease. Common pitfalls of WBMRI include haematopoietic marrow signal, metaphyseal signal early on in bisphosphonate therapy and normal high T2 signal in the hands and feet. Pictorial reporting assists in recording lesions and follow-up over time. The purpose of this paper is to review the different WBMRI protocols, imaging findings, lesion patterns and common pitfalls in children with CRMO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savvas Andronikou
- Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia.,Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jeannette K Kraft
- Clarendon Wing Radiology Department, Leeds Children's Hospital at The Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds
| | - Amaka C Offiah
- Department of Radiology, Academic Unit of Child Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield.,Department of Radiology, Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield
| | - Jeremy Jones
- Department of Radiology, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Edinburgh
| | - Hassan Douis
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham
| | - Manigandan Thyagarajan
- Department of Radiology, Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham
| | | | - Andrea Zouvani
- School of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow
| | - Athimalaipet V Ramanan
- School of Clinical Sciences, Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, UHB Education Centre, Bristol.,School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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11
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Zadig P, von Brandis E, Lein RK, Rosendahl K, Avenarius D, Ording Müller LS. Whole-body magnetic resonance imaging in children - how and why? A systematic review. Pediatr Radiol 2021; 51:14-24. [PMID: 32588094 PMCID: PMC7796873 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-020-04735-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is increasingly being used for a number of indications. Our aim was to review and describe indications and scan protocols for diagnostic value of whole-body MRI for multifocal disease in children and adolescents, we conducted a systematic search in Medline, Embase and Cochrane for all published papers until November 2018. Relevant subject headings and free text words were used for the following concepts: 1) whole-body, 2) magnetic resonance imaging and 3) child and/or adolescent. Included were papers in English with a relevant study design that reported on the use and/or findings from whole-body MRI examinations in children and adolescents. This review includes 54 of 1,609 papers identified from literature searches. Chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis, lymphoma and metastasis were the most frequent indications for performing a whole-body MRI. The typical protocol included a coronal STIR (short tau inversion recovery) sequence with or without a coronal T1-weighted sequence. Numerous studies lacked sufficient data for calculating images resolution and only a few studies reported the acquired voxel volume, making it impossible for others to reproduce the protocol/images. Only a minority of the included papers assessed reliability tests and none of the studies documented whether the use of whole-body MRI affected mortality and/or morbidity. Our systematic review confirms significant variability of technique and the lack of proven validity of MRI findings. The information could potentially be used to boost attempts towards standardization of technique, reporting and guidelines development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Zadig
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital of North Norway, Sykehusvegen 38, 9019, Tromsø, Norway.
- University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway.
| | | | | | - Karen Rosendahl
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital of North Norway, Sykehusvegen 38, 9019, Tromsø, Norway
- University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway
| | - Derk Avenarius
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital of North Norway, Sykehusvegen 38, 9019, Tromsø, Norway
- University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway
| | - Lil-Sofie Ording Müller
- Department of Radiology and Intervention, Unit for Paediatric Radiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Tunariu N, Blackledge M, Messiou C, Petralia G, Padhani A, Curcean S, Curcean A, Koh DM. What's New for Clinical Whole-body MRI (WB-MRI) in the 21st Century. Br J Radiol 2020; 93:20200562. [PMID: 32822545 PMCID: PMC8519652 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20200562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole-body MRI (WB-MRI) has evolved since its first introduction in the 1970s as an imaging technique to detect and survey disease across multiple sites and organ systems in the body. The development of diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) has added a new dimension to the implementation of WB-MRI on modern scanners, offering excellent lesion-to-background contrast, while achieving acceptable spatial resolution to detect focal lesions 5 to 10 mm in size. MRI hardware and software advances have reduced acquisition times, with studies taking 40-50 min to complete.The rising awareness of medical radiation exposure coupled with the advantages of MRI has resulted in increased utilization of WB-MRI in oncology, paediatrics, rheumatological and musculoskeletal conditions and more recently in population screening. There is recognition that WB-MRI can be used to track disease evolution and monitor response heterogeneity in patients with cancer. There are also opportunities to combine WB-MRI with molecular imaging on PET-MRI systems to harness the strengths of hybrid imaging. The advent of artificial intelligence and machine learning will shorten image acquisition times and image analyses, making the technique more competitive against other imaging technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew Blackledge
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, London, UK
| | - Christina Messiou
- Department of Radiology, Royal Marsden Hospital, Downs Road, Sutton, London, UK
| | - Giuseppe Petralia
- Department of Radiology, European Institute of Oncology, Via Ripamonti, 435 - 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Anwar Padhani
- Mount Vernon Hospital, The Paul Strickland Scanner Centre, Rickmansworth Road, Northwood, Middlesex, UK
| | - Sebastian Curcean
- Department of Radiology, Royal Marsden Hospital, Downs Road, Sutton, London, UK
| | | | - Dow-Mu Koh
- Drug Development Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, London, UK
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Jurik AG. Quantification of Disease Activity in Chronic Nonbacterial Osteomyelitis by Whole-body Magnetic Resonance Imaging. J Rheumatol 2020; 47:646-649. [PMID: 32358167 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.191136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Grethe Jurik
- Department of Radiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
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Corrêa DG, Canella C, Queiroz Campos Araújo AP, Mendonça S, Costa FM. Whole‐Body Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Camurati–Engelmann Disease. JBMR Plus 2020; 4:e10357. [PMID: 32258971 PMCID: PMC7117840 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Goulart Corrêa
- Department of Radiology, Clínica de Diagnóstico por Imagem (CDPI)/DASA Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Clarissa Canella
- Department of Radiology, Clínica de Diagnóstico por Imagem (CDPI)/DASA Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Department of RadiologyHospital Universitário Antônio Pedro, Federal Fluminense University Niterói Brazil
| | | | - Silvana Mendonça
- Department of Radiology, Clínica de Diagnóstico por Imagem (CDPI)/DASA Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Flavia Martins Costa
- Department of Radiology, Clínica de Diagnóstico por Imagem (CDPI)/DASA Rio de Janeiro Brazil
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Schäfer JF, Granata C, von Kalle T, Kyncl M, Littooij AS, Di Paolo PL, Sefic Pasic I, Nievelstein RAJ. Whole-body magnetic resonance imaging in pediatric oncology - recommendations by the Oncology Task Force of the ESPR. Pediatr Radiol 2020; 50:1162-1174. [PMID: 32468287 PMCID: PMC7329776 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-020-04683-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this recommendation of the Oncology Task Force of the European Society of Paediatric Radiology (ESPR) is to indicate reasonable applications of whole-body MRI in children with cancer and to address useful protocols to optimize workflow and diagnostic performance. Whole-body MRI as a radiation-free modality has been increasingly performed over the last two decades, and newer applications, as in screening of children with germ-line mutation cancer-related gene defects, are now widely accepted. We aim to provide a comprehensive outline of the diagnostic value for use in daily practice. Based on the results of our task force session in 2018 and the revision in 2019 during the ESPR meeting, we summarized our group's experiences in whole-body MRI. The lack of large evidence by clinical studies is challenging when focusing on a balanced view regarding the impact of whole-body MRI in pediatric oncology. Therefore, the final version of this recommendation was supported by the members of Oncology Task Force.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen F Schäfer
- Division of Pediatric Radiology, Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Straße 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Claudio Granata
- Department of Paediatric Radiology, IRCCS materno infantile Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Thekla von Kalle
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Olgahospital Klinikum Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Martin Kyncl
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Annemieke S Littooij
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital/University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Irmina Sefic Pasic
- Radiology Clinic, Sarajevo School of Science and Technology, Clinical Center University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Rutger A J Nievelstein
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital/University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Andronikou S, Mendes da Costa T, Hussien M, Ramanan A. Radiological diagnosis of chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis using whole-body MRI-based lesion distribution patterns. Clin Radiol 2019; 74:737.e3-737.e15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2019.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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17
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Barakat E, Kirchgesner T, Triqueneaux P, Galant C, Stoenoiu M, Lecouvet FE. Whole-Body Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Rheumatic and Systemic Diseases. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 2018; 26:581-597. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mric.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Greer MLC. Whole-body magnetic resonance imaging: techniques and non-oncologic indications. Pediatr Radiol 2018; 48:1348-1363. [PMID: 30078041 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-018-4141-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Whole-body MRI is increasingly utilized for assessing oncologic and non-oncologic diseases in infants, children and adolescents. Focusing on the non-oncologic indications, this review covers technical elements required to perform whole-body MRI, the advantages and limitations of the technique, and protocol modifications tailored to specific indications. Rheumatologic diseases account for the majority of non-oncologic whole-body MRI performed in pediatric patients at the author's institution. Whole-body MRI helps in establishing the diagnosis, documenting disease extent and severity, and monitoring treatment response in enthesitis-related arthritis (ERA) and chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO). Other non-oncologic indications for whole-body MRI include osteomyelitis (usually pyogenic), pyrexia of unknown origin, neuromuscular disorders, inherited and inflammatory myopathies such as juvenile dermatomyositis and polymyositis, avascular necrosis, and fat/storage disorders. Use of whole-body MRI in postmortem imaging is rising, while whole-body MRI in non-accidental injury is considered to be of limited value. Imaging findings for a range of these indications are reviewed with whole-body MRI examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary-Louise C Greer
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave., Toronto, ON,, M5G 1X8, Canada. .,Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Malattia C, Rinaldi M, Martini A. The role of imaging in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2018; 14:681-694. [PMID: 29972659 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2018.1496019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prognosis of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) has changed dramatically due to the availability of novel drugs. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent permanent joint damage. As a result, methods to improve JIA diagnosis and prognosis are of high priority to tailor treatment strategies and maximize their efficacy. Musculoskeletal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging are more sensitive than clinical examination and radiography in the detection of joint involvement and might play a substantial role to optimize the management of JIA. Areas covered: This review compiles an inventory of potential uses of imaging studies in the modern practice of pediatric rheumatology, together with a critical analysis of the major challenges that are still to be addressed. Imaging appearance of normal growth-related changes of the musculoskeletal system will be discussed. Expert commentary: Knowledge of the evolving patterns of skeletal maturity is paramount to define pathological findings and avoid misinterpretations. Establishing a novel radiological algorithm for a rational use of imaging in JIA is of high priority to allow a speedier integration of imaging into the clinical workflow and decision-making process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Malattia
- a Clinica Pediatrica e Reumatologia , Istituto Giannina Gaslini , Genova , Italy.,b Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Riabilitazione, Oftalmologia, Genetica e Scienze Materno-Infantili , Università degli studi di Genova , Italy
| | - Mariangela Rinaldi
- a Clinica Pediatrica e Reumatologia , Istituto Giannina Gaslini , Genova , Italy
| | - Alberto Martini
- c Direzione Scientifica Istituto Giannina Gaslini , Genova Italy
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