Preclinical Evaluation of Photoacoustic Imaging as a Novel Noninvasive Approach to Detect an Orthopaedic Implant Infection.
J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2017;
25 Suppl 1:S7-S12. [PMID:
27941556 PMCID:
PMC6056014 DOI:
10.5435/jaaos-d-16-00630]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
Diagnosing prosthetic joint infection (PJI) poses significant challenges, and current modalities are fraught with low sensitivity and/or potential morbidity. Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is a novel ultrasound-based modality with potential for diagnosing PJI safely and noninvasively.
MATERIALS
In an established preclinical mouse model of bioluminescent Staphylococcus aureus PJI, fluorescent indocyanine green (ICG) was conjugated to β-cyclodextrin (CDX-ICG) or teicoplanin (Teic-ICG) and injected intravenously for 1 week postoperatively. Daily fluorescent imaging and PAI were used to localize and quantify tracer signals. Results were analyzed using 2-way analysis of variance.
RESULTS
Fluorescence clearly localized to the site of infection and was significantly higher with Teic-ICG compared with CDX-ICG (P = 0.046) and ICG alone (P = 0.0087). With PAI, the photoacoustic signal per volumetric analysis was substantially higher and better visualized with Teic-ICG compared with CDX-ICG and ICG alone, and colocalized well with bioluminescence and fluorescence imaging.
CONCLUSION
Photoacoustic imaging successfully localized PJI in this proof-of-concept study and demonstrates potential for clinical translation in orthopaedics.
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