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Healy RA, Zurier H, Bonito G, Smith ME, Pfister DH. Mycorrhizal detection of native and non-native truffles in a historic arboretum and the discovery of a new North American species, Tuber arnoldianum sp. nov. MYCORRHIZA 2016; 26:781-792. [PMID: 27282772 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-016-0713-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
During a study comparing the ectomycorrhizal root communities in a native forest with those at the Arnold Arboretum in Massachusetts (USA), the European species Tuber borchii was detected on the roots of a native red oak in the arboretum over two successive years. Since T. borchii is an economically important edible truffle native to Europe, we conducted a search of other roots in the arboretum to determine the extent of colonization. We also wanted to determine whether other non-native Tuber species had been inadvertently introduced into this 140-year-old Arboretum because many trees were imported into the site with intact soil and roots prior to the 1921 USDA ban on these horticultural practices in the USA. While T. borchii was not found on other trees, seven other native and exotic Tuber species were detected. Among the North American Tuber species detected from ectomycorrhizae, we also collected ascomata of a previously unknown species described here as Tuber arnoldianum. This new species was found colonizing both native and non-native tree roots. Other ectomycorrhizal taxa that were detected included basidiomycetes in the genera Amanita, Russula, Tomentella, and ascomycetes belonging to Pachyphlodes, Helvella, Genea, and Trichophaea. We clarify the phylogenetic relationships of each of the Tuber species detected in this study, and we discuss their distribution on both native and non-native host trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanne A Healy
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Farlow Herbarium, Harvard University, 22 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02138-2020, USA.
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Fifield Hall, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
| | - Hannah Zurier
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Farlow Herbarium, Harvard University, 22 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02138-2020, USA
| | - Gregory Bonito
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, 1066 Bogue St., East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Matthew E Smith
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Fifield Hall, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Donald H Pfister
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Farlow Herbarium, Harvard University, 22 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02138-2020, USA
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Wang XH, Benucci GMN, Xie XD, Bonito G, Leisola M, Liu PG, Shamekh S. Morphological, mycorrhizal and molecular characterization of Finnish truffles belonging to the Tuber anniae species-complex. FUNGAL ECOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2013.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Lang C, Finkeldey R, Polle A. Spatial patterns of ectomycorrhizal assemblages in a monospecific forest in relation to host tree genotype. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:103. [PMID: 23630537 PMCID: PMC3633777 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Ectomycorrhizas (EcM) are important for soil exploration and thereby may shape belowground interactions of roots. We investigated the composition and spatial structures of EcM assemblages in relation to host genotype in an old-growth, monospecific beech (Fagus sylvatica) forest. We hypothesized that neighboring roots of different beech individuals are colonized by similar EcM assemblages if host genotype had no influence on the fungal colonization and that the similarity would decrease with increasing distance of the sampling points. The alternative was that the EcM species showed preferences for distinct beech genotypes resulting in intraspecific variation of EcM-host assemblages. EcM species identities, abundance and exploration type as well as the genotypes of the colonized roots were determined in each sampling unit of a 1 L soil core (r = 0.04 m, depth 0.2 m). The Morisita-Horn similarity indices (MHSI) based on EcM species abundance and multiple community comparisons were calculated. No pronounced variation of MHSI with increasing distances of the sampling points within a plot was found, but variations between plots. Very high similarities and no between plot variation were found for MHSI based on EcM exploration types suggesting homogenous soil foraging in this ecosystem. The EcM community on different root genotypes in the same soil core exhibited high similarity, whereas the EcM communities on the root of the same tree genotype in different soil cores were significantly dissimilar. This finding suggests that spatial structuring of EcM assemblages occurs within the root system of an individual. This may constitute a novel, yet unknown mechanism ensuring colonization by a diverse EcM community of the roots of a given host individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christa Lang
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Büsgen-Institut, Georg-August Universität GöttingenGöttingen, Germany
| | - Reiner Finkeldey
- Forest Genetics and Forest Tree Breeding, Büsgen-Institut, Georg-August Universität GöttingenGöttingen, Germany
| | - Andrea Polle
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Büsgen-Institut, Georg-August Universität GöttingenGöttingen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Andrea Polle, Forstbotanik und Baumphysiologie, Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany. e-mail:
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