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Silva GA, Oliveira MES, Rêgo GMS, Wingfield BD, Wingfield MJ, Ferreira MA. Chrysoporthe brasiliensis sp. nov. pathogenic to Melastomataceae in southeast Brazil. Fungal Biol 2024; 128:1790-1799. [PMID: 38796263 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2024.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Species in the Melastomataceae (Myrtales) include trees and woody shrubs that are amongst the most common hosts of Chrysoporthe and related fungi. These fungi cause stem cankers, branch death and in extreme cases, kill their hosts. Chrysoporthe-like fungi were observed on Miconia spp. and Rhynchanthera grandiflora (Melastomataceae) plants during tree disease surveys in south-eastern Brazil including the states of Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro. The aims of this study were to isolate and identify the fungi utilising morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses. This led to the identification of a new species of Chrysoporthe described here as Chrysoporthe brasilensis sp.nov. Inoculations were conducted on R. grandiflora and M. theaezans, showing that C. brasiliensis is an aggressive pathogen. This study adds to a growing number of reports of new and pathogenic species of Chrysoporthe that potentially threaten native Myrtales globally, including important trees such as Eucalyptus, both in natural ecosystems and in planted forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Avelar Silva
- Department of Plant Pathology, Universidade Federal de Lavras, 3037, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | - Brenda D Wingfield
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, 0028, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Michael J Wingfield
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, 0028, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Maria Alves Ferreira
- Department of Plant Pathology, Universidade Federal de Lavras, 3037, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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2
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van der Merwe NA, Phakalatsane T, Wilken PM. The Unique Homothallic Mating-Type Loci of the Fungal Tree Pathogens Chrysoporthe syzygiicola and Chrysoporthe zambiensis from Africa. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1158. [PMID: 37372338 DOI: 10.3390/genes14061158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chrysoporthe syzygiicola and C. zambiensis are ascomycete tree pathogens first described from Zambia, causing stem canker on Syzygium guineense and Eucalyptus grandis, respectively. The taxonomic descriptions of these two species were based on their anamorphic states, as no sexual states are known. The main purpose of this work was to use whole genome sequences to identify and define the mating-type (MAT1) loci of these two species. The unique MAT1 loci for C. zambiensis and C. syzygiicola consist of the MAT1-1-1, MAT1-1-2, and MAT1-2-1 genes, but the MAT1-1-3 gene is absent. Genes canonically associated with opposite mating types were present at the single mating-type locus, suggesting that C. zambiensis and C. syzygiicola have homothallic mating systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolaas A van der Merwe
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Tshiamo Phakalatsane
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - P Markus Wilken
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
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3
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Roux J, Kamgan Nkuekam G, Marincowitz S, van der Merwe NA, Uchida J, Wingfield MJ, Chen S. Cryphonectriaceae associated with rust-infected Syzygium jambos in Hawaii. MycoKeys 2020; 76:49-79. [PMID: 33505197 PMCID: PMC7790811 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.76.58406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Syzygium jambos (Myrtales, Myrtaceae) trees in Hawaii are severely affected by a rust disease caused by Austropuccinia psidii (Pucciniales, Sphaerophragmiaceae), but they are commonly co-infected with species of Cryphonectriaceae (Diaporthales). In this study, S. jambos and other trees in the Myrtales were examined on three Hawaiian Islands for the presence of Cryphonectriaceae. Bark samples with fruiting bodies were collected from infected trees and fungi were isolated directly from these structures. Pure cultures were produced and the fungi were identified using DNA sequence data for the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, part of the β-tubulin (BT1) gene and the transcription elongation factor-1α (TEF1) gene. Five species in three genera of Cryphonectriaceae were identified from Myrtaceae tree samples. These included Chrysoporthe deuterocubensis, Microthia havanensis and three previously-unknown taxa described here as Celoporthe hauoliensis sp. nov., Cel. hawaiiensis sp. nov. and Cel. paradisiaca sp. nov. Representative isolates of Cel. hauoliensis, Cel. hawaiiensis, Cel. paradisiaca, Chr. deuterocubensis and Mic. havanensis were used in artificial inoculation studies to consider their pathogenicity on S. jambos. Celoporthe hawaiiensis, Cel. paradisiaca and Chr. deuterocubensis produced lesions on young S. jambos trees in inoculation trials, suggesting that, together with A. psidii, they may contribute to the death of trees. Microsatellite markers were subsequently used to consider the diversity of Chr. deuterocubensis on the Islands and thus to gain insights into its possible origin in Hawaii. Isolates of this important Myrtaceae and particularly Eucalyptus pathogen were found to be clonal. This provides evidence that Chr. deuterocubensis was introduced to the Hawaiian Islands as a single introduction, from a currently unknown source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanda Roux
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South AfricaUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa
| | - Gilbert Kamgan Nkuekam
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South AfricaUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa
| | - Seonju Marincowitz
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, FABI, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South AfricaUniversity of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluUnited States of America
| | - Nicolaas A. van der Merwe
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, FABI, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South AfricaUniversity of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluUnited States of America
| | - Janice Uchida
- Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, Tropical Plant Pathology Program, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USAUniversity of PretoriaZhanjiangChina
| | - Michael J. Wingfield
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, FABI, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South AfricaUniversity of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluUnited States of America
| | - ShuaiFei Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, FABI, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South AfricaUniversity of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluUnited States of America
- China Eucalypt Research Centre (CERC), Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF), ZhanJiang, 524022, GuangDong Province, ChinaChina Eucalypt Research Centre, Chinese Academy of ForestryZhanJiangChina
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Jiang N, Fan X, Tian C, Crous PW. Reevaluating Cryphonectriaceae and allied families in Diaporthales. Mycologia 2020; 112:267-292. [PMID: 32091968 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2019.1698925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The Diaporthales (Sordariomycetes) includes many important families of plant pathogenic fungi, such as the notorious Cryphonectriaceae. The aim of the present study was to reevaluate this family, along with other families in Diaporthales. Based on phylogenetic analyses using combined sequence data of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, large subunit of the nrDNA (28S), and the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1-α) and DNA-directed RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (rpb2) genes, Cryphonectriaceae is separated into two subclades, comprising 21 genera and 55 species. Foliocryphiaceae, fam. nov., is morphologically and phylogenetically its closest relative but is distinct due to its phylogeny and dimorphic conidia. Mastigosporellaceae, fam. nov., is distinguished from other families in Diaporthales by owning apical conidial appendages. Neocryphonectria, gen. nov., within the family Foliocryphiaceae, with two species associated with Carpinus canker in China, is characterized by fusoid, aseptate macroconidia. Additionally, two new combinations are proposed, namely, Cryphonectria citrine, based on Chromendothia citrine, and Cytospora viridistroma, based on Endothia viridistoma. Based on results obtained in this study, 31 families are accepted into Diaporthales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Jiang
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xinlei Fan
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chengming Tian
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Pedro W Crous
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Mausse-Sitoe SND, Rodas CA, Wingfield MJ, Chen S, Roux J. Endophytic Cryphonectriaceae on native Myrtales: Possible origin of Chrysoporthe canker on plantation-grown Eucalyptus. Fungal Biol 2016; 120:827-35. [PMID: 27268243 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Chrysoporthe austroafricana (Cryphonectriaceae) is a damaging canker pathogen on Eucalyptus species in Southern Africa. Recent studies have shown that the fungus occurs on native Syzygium species and that it has apparently undergone a host range expansion from these native trees to infect non-native Eucalyptus. The aim of this study was to consider whether Chr. austroafricana and other Cryphonectriaceae might exist as endophytes in native Myrtaceae, providing a source of inoculum to infect non-native Myrtales. Healthy branches were collected from Myrtaceae in Mozambique, incubated in florist foam, allowed to dry gradually and monitored for the appearance of fruiting bodies resembling species in the Cryphonectriaceae. Isolates were identified based on DNA sequence data. Two species in the Cryphonectriaceae were obtained, representing the first evidence that species in the Cryphonectriaceae occur as endophytes on native Myrtales, thus providing a source of inoculum to infect non-native and susceptible trees. This has important implications regarding the movement of planting stock used by ornamental tree and forestry enterprises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia N D Mausse-Sitoe
- Department of Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Carlos A Rodas
- Forestry Protection Programme, Smurfit Kappa - Colombia, Calle 15 #18-109, Puerto Isaacs, Yumbo, Valle, 760502, Colombia
| | - Michael J Wingfield
- Department of Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - ShuaiFei Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa; China Eucalypt Research Centre (CERC), Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF), Zhanjiang, 524088, Guangdong, China
| | - Jolanda Roux
- Department of Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa.
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7
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Intron Derived Size Polymorphism in the Mitochondrial Genomes of Closely Related Chrysoporthe Species. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156104. [PMID: 27272523 PMCID: PMC4894602 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the complete mitochondrial (mt) genomes of Chrysoporthe austroafricana (190,834 bp), C. cubensis (89,084 bp) and C. deuterocubensis (124,412 bp) were determined. Additionally, the mitochondrial genome of another member of the Cryphonectriaceae, namely Cryphonectria parasitica (158,902 bp), was retrieved and annotated for comparative purposes. These genomes showed high levels of synteny, especially in regions including genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation and electron transfer, unique open reading frames (uORFs), ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) and transfer RNAs (tRNAs), as well as intron positions. Comparative analyses revealed signatures of duplication events, intron number and length variation, and varying intronic ORFs which highlighted the genetic diversity of mt genomes among the Cryphonectriaceae. These mt genomes showed remarkable size polymorphism. The size polymorphism in the mt genomes of these closely related Chrysoporthe species was attributed to the varying number and length of introns, coding sequences and to a lesser extent, intergenic sequences. Compared to publicly available fungal mt genomes, the C. austroafricana mt genome is the second largest in the Ascomycetes thus far.
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8
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Wingfield BD, Barnes I, Wilhelm de Beer Z, De Vos L, Duong TA, Kanzi AM, Naidoo K, Nguyen HD, Santana QC, Sayari M, Seifert KA, Steenkamp ET, Trollip C, van der Merwe NA, van der Nest MA, Markus Wilken P, Wingfield MJ. IMA Genome-F 5: Draft genome sequences of Ceratocystis eucalypticola, Chrysoporthe cubensis, C. deuterocubensis, Davidsoniella virescens, Fusarium temperatum,Graphilbum fragrans, Penicillium nordicum, and Thielaviopsis musarum. IMA Fungus 2015; 6:493-506. [PMID: 26734552 PMCID: PMC4681265 DOI: 10.5598/imafungus.2015.06.02.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The genomes of Ceratocystis eucalypticola, Chrysoporthe cubensis, Chrysoporthe deuterocubensis, Davidsoniella virescens, Fusarium temperatum, Graphilbum fragrans, Penicillium nordicum and Thielaviopsis musarum are presented in this genome announcement. These seven genomes are from plant pathogens and otherwise economically important fungal species. The genome sizes range from 28 Mb in the case of T. musarum to 45 Mb for Fusarium temperatum. These genomes include the first reports of genomes for the genera Davidsoniella, Graphilbum and Thielaviopsis. The availability of these genome data will provide opportunities to resolve longstanding questions regarding the taxonomy of species in these genera. In addition these genome sequences through comparative studies with closely related organisms will increase our understanding of how these pathogens cause disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda D. Wingfield
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0028 South Africa
| | - Irene Barnes
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0028 South Africa
| | - Z. Wilhelm de Beer
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0028 South Africa
| | - Lieschen De Vos
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0028 South Africa
| | - Tuan A. Duong
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0028 South Africa
| | - Aquillah M. Kanzi
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0028 South Africa
| | - Kershney Naidoo
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0028 South Africa
| | - Hai D.T. Nguyen
- Biodiversity (Mycology), Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Quentin C. Santana
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0028 South Africa
| | - Mohammad Sayari
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0028 South Africa
| | - Keith A. Seifert
- Biodiversity (Mycology), Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Emma T. Steenkamp
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0028 South Africa
| | - Conrad Trollip
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0028 South Africa
| | - Nicolaas A. van der Merwe
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0028 South Africa
| | - Magriet A. van der Nest
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0028 South Africa
| | - P. Markus Wilken
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0028 South Africa
| | - Michael J. Wingfield
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0028 South Africa
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9
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Wingfield BD, Ades PK, Al-Naemi FA, Beirn LA, Bihon W, Crouch JA, de Beer ZW, De Vos L, Duong TA, Fields CJ, Fourie G, Kanzi AM, Malapi-Wight M, Pethybridge SJ, Radwan O, Rendon G, Slippers B, Santana QC, Steenkamp ET, Taylor PW, Vaghefi N, van der Merwe NA, Veltri D, Wingfield MJ. IMA Genome-F 4: Draft genome sequences of Chrysoporthe austroafricana, Diplodia scrobiculata, Fusarium nygamai, Leptographium lundbergii, Limonomyces culmigenus, Stagonosporopsis tanaceti, and Thielaviopsis punctulata. IMA Fungus 2015; 6:233-48. [PMID: 26203426 PMCID: PMC4500086 DOI: 10.5598/imafungus.2015.06.01.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The genomes of Chrysoporthe austroafricana, Diplodia scrobiculata, Fusarium nygami, Leptographium lundbergii, Limonomyces culmigenus, Stagonosporopsis tanaceti, and Thielaviopsis punctulata are presented in this genome announcement. These seven genomes are from endophytes, plant pathogens and economically important fungal species. The genome sizes range from 26.6 Mb in the case of Leptographium lundbergii to 44 Mb for Chrysoporthe austroafricana. The availability of these genome data will provide opportunities to resolve longstanding questions regarding the taxonomy of species in these genera, and may contribute to our understanding of the lifestyles through comparative studies with closely related organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda D. Wingfield
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, P. Bag X20, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Peter K. Ades
- Department of Forest and Ecosystem Science, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Fatima A. Al-Naemi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Lisa A. Beirn
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers University, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Wubetu Bihon
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, P. bag x20, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
- Agricultural Research Council, Vegetable and Ornamental Plant Institute, P. Bag X293, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Jo Anne Crouch
- Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Z. Wilhelm de Beer
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, P. bag x20, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Lieschen De Vos
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, P. Bag X20, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Tuan A. Duong
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, P. Bag X20, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Christopher J. Fields
- High Performance Biological Computing Group, Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center/W.M. Keck Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Gerda Fourie
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, P. bag x20, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Aquillah M. Kanzi
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, P. Bag X20, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Martha Malapi-Wight
- Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Sarah J. Pethybridge
- School of Integrative Plant Sciences, Plant Pathology & Plant-Microbe Biology Section, Cornell University, Geneva, NY, 14456, USA
| | - Osman Radwan
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA and Department of Plant Production, College of Technology, Zagazig University, Sharkia, Egypt
| | - Gloria Rendon
- High Performance Biological Computing Group, Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center/W.M. Keck Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Bernard Slippers
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, P. Bag X20, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Quentin C. Santana
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, P. Bag X20, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Emma T. Steenkamp
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, P. bag x20, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Paul W.J. Taylor
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Niloofar Vaghefi
- School of Integrative Plant Sciences, Plant Pathology & Plant-Microbe Biology Section, Cornell University, Geneva, NY, 14456, USA
| | - Nicolaas A. van der Merwe
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, P. Bag X20, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Daniel Veltri
- Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
- Oak Ridge Laboratories ARS Research Participation Program, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Michael J. Wingfield
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, P. bag x20, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
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Vermeulen M, Gryzenhout M, Wingfield MJ, Roux J. New records of the Cryphonectriaceae from southern Africa including Latruncellus aurorae gen. sp. nov. Mycologia 2011; 103:554-69. [PMID: 21262988 DOI: 10.3852/10-283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The Cryphonectriaceae accommodates some of the world's most important tree pathogens, including four genera known from native and introduced Myrtales in Africa. Surveys in the past 3 y in southern Africa have led to the discovery of cankers with fruiting structures resembling those of the Cryphonectriaceae on trees in the Myrtales in Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland and Zambia. These fungi were identified with morphological characteristics and DNA sequence data. For the first time we report Chrysoporthe austroafricana from Namibia and on Syzygium guineense and Holocryphia eucalypti in Swaziland on a Eucalyptus grandis clone. The host and geographic ranges of Celoporthe dispersa are expanded to include S. legatti in South Africa and S. guineense in Zambia. In addition a monotypic genus, Latruncellus aurorae gen. sp. nov., is described from Galpinia transvaalica (Lythraceae, Myrtales) in Swaziland. The present and other recent studies clearly emphasize the limited understanding of the diversity and distribution of fungi in the Cryphonectriaceae in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcele Vermeulen
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), Private Bag X20, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
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11
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van der Merwe NA, Gryzenhout M, Steenkamp ET, Wingfield BD, Wingfield MJ. Multigene phylogenetic and population differentiation data confirm the existence of a cryptic species within Chrysoporthe cubensis. Fungal Biol 2010; 114:966-79. [PMID: 21036341 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2010.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2010] [Revised: 09/05/2010] [Accepted: 09/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chrysoporthe cubensis is one of the most important pathogens of Eucalyptus. Based on phylogenetic evidence and geographic origin, isolates of this fungus are known to reside in distinct 'South America' and 'Southeast Asia' clades. In this study, reproductive isolation amongst these isolates of C. cubensis was tested using gene flow statistics for 12 polymorphic loci, and to support these data, phylogenetic affiliations based on gene trees and a multigene phylogeny were used. Gene flow statistics between populations, and relative to the closely related Chrysoporthe austroafricana, were low and not significantly different (P<0.05). Additionally, phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequence data for four gene regions convincingly distinguished the two subclades of C. cubensis. Isolates in the Southeast Asian subclade are described in the new species, Chrysoporthe deuterocubensis. Chrysoporthe cubensis and C. deuterocubensis represent closely related fungi that are thought to be native to South America and Southeast Asia, respectively. A technique is presented that allows for rapid differentiation between these species and that will aid in quarantine procedures to limit their spread to new environments.
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Chen SF, Gryzenhout M, Roux J, Xie YJ, Wingfield MJ, Zhou XD. Identification and Pathogenicity of Chrysoporthe cubensis on Eucalyptus and Syzygium spp. in South China. PLANT DISEASE 2010; 94:1143-1150. [PMID: 30743729 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-94-9-1143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The genus Chrysoporthe includes important pathogens of plantation-grown Eucalyptus spp. and has been reported from several tree genera in the order Myrtales in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. During disease surveys in South China, fruiting structures typical of Chrysoporthe spp. were observed on cankers on Eucalyptus spp. and Syzygium cumini trees. The aim of this study was to confirm the identity of the Chrysoporthe cubensis infecting the Eucalyptus spp. and S. cumini and to test the pathogenicity of the fungus. Following glasshouse trials to select virulent isolates, field inoculations were undertaken to screen different commercial Eucalyptus genotypes for their susceptibility to the fungus. Isolates were characterized based on their morphology and DNA sequence data for the β-tubulin and internal transcribed spacer regions of the ribosomal DNA. Results showed that the putative pathogen represented the Asian form of C. cubensis, which occurred on numerous different Eucalyptus spp. and hybrid clones as well as S. cumini. Field inoculations showed that all six of the Eucalyptus genotypes tested are susceptible to infection by C. cubensis. Significant differences were observed between them, providing prospects to select disease-tolerant planting stock in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa, and China Eucalypt Research Centre (CERC), Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF), China
| | - M Gryzenhout
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, FABI
| | - J Roux
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, FABI
| | | | - M J Wingfield
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, FABI
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