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Kokkoris V, Banchini C, Paré L, Abdellatif L, Séguin S, Hubbard K, Findlay W, Dalpé Y, Dettman J, Corradi N, Stefani F. Rhizophagus irregularis, the model fungus in arbuscular mycorrhiza research, forms dimorphic spores. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:1771-1784. [PMID: 37434339 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Rhizophagus irregularis is the model species for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) research and the most widely propagated species for commercial plant biostimulants. Using asymbiotic and symbiotic cultivation systems initiated from single spores, advanced microscopy, Sanger sequencing of the glomalin gene, and PacBio sequencing of the partial 45S rRNA gene, we show that four strains of R. irregularis produce spores of two distinct morphotypes, one corresponding to the morphotype described in the R. irregularis protologue and the other having the phenotype of R. fasciculatus. The two spore morphs are easily distinguished by spore colour, thickness of the subtending hypha, thickness of the second wall layer, lamination of the innermost layer, and the dextrinoid reaction of the two outer spore wall layers to Melzer's reagent. The glomalin gene of the two spore morphs is identical and that of the PacBio sequences of the partial SSU-ITS-LSU region (2780 bp) obtained from single spores of the R. cf fasciculatus morphotype has a median pairwise similarity of 99.8% (SD = 0.005%) to the rDNA ribotypes of R. irregularis DAOM 197198. Based on these results, we conclude that the model AMF species R. irregularis is dimorphic, which has caused taxonomic confusion in culture collections and possibly in AMF research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasilis Kokkoris
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0C6, Canada
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Faculty of Science, Section Systems Ecology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Claudia Banchini
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Louis Paré
- Université Laval, Centre d'Étude de la Forêt (CEF) and Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), 1030 Ave de la Médecine, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Lobna Abdellatif
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Sylvie Séguin
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Keith Hubbard
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Wendy Findlay
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Yolande Dalpé
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Jeremy Dettman
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Nicolas Corradi
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Franck Stefani
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0C6, Canada
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Richness of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in a Brazilian Tropical Shallow Lake: Assessing an Unexpected Assembly in the Aquatic-Terrestrial Gradient. DIVERSITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/d14121046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Aquatic ecosystems are historically overlooked regarding the occurrence of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF). Tropical lakes in the southern hemisphere are generally impacted by human actions, such as those in Brazil, although they still preserve a great diversity of macrophyte species that can support AMF communities. Thus, the study aimed to test (i) whether AMF community structure (composition, richness, diversity, dominance, and evenness) differs between aquatic and terrestrial conditions, and (ii) between seasons—rainy and dry. A total of 60 AMF species, distributed in 10 families and 17 genera, were found, with a difference in AMF composition between conditions (terrestrial and aquatic) and seasons (dry and rainy). The absolute species richness differed between conditions, seasons, and interactions. The aquatic/rainy season, which retrieved the most significant number of species, had the highest absolute richness and number of glomerospores and differed significantly from the terrestrial/rainy season. The results suggest that a shallow oligotrophic lake harbors a high AMF richness. In addition, this environment has a distinct AMF community from the adjacent coastal sand plain vegetation and is affected by seasonality.
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Is the Age of Novel Ecosystem the Factor Driving Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Colonization in Poa compressa and Calamagrostis epigejos? PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10050949. [PMID: 34068665 PMCID: PMC8151521 DOI: 10.3390/plants10050949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Some sites transformed or created by humans (novel ecosystem) are different both in vegetation and ecosystems establishment and development. The unknown habitat conditions and new species composition is resulting in new abiotic and biotic systems. To improve the understanding of the process governing the relationships between the environmental factors, plant species assemblages and their arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation were studied in chronosequence on post-coal mine heaps. We hypothesized that AMF root colonization will be dependent on the age of heap and not on the dominant plant species (vegetation type). The high frequency of mycorrhizal colonization of roots (F%) of Poa compressa- and Calamagrostis epigejos-dominated vegetation type was stated. All mycorrhizal parameters were lower in C. epigejos roots when compared to P. compressa (ranging from 60% to 90%). The highest relative mycorrhizal intensity, M%, and mean abundance of arbuscula, A%, in the roots of both examined plants were recorded in vegetation patches dominated by Daucus carota. Positive and statistically significant correlations were found between F%, M%, and A%, and lack of correlation between the heaps’ age and mycorrhizal parameters, and statistically significant correlations between A% and potassium and magnesium content were revealed. The interspecific relations in the novel ecosystems become more complex along with the increase of diversity.
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Błaszkowski J, Jobim K, Niezgoda P, Meller E, Malinowski R, Milczarski P, Zubek S, Magurno F, Casieri L, Bierza W, Błaszkowski T, Crossay T, Goto BT. New Glomeromycotan Taxa, Dominikia glomerocarpica sp. nov. and Epigeocarpum crypticum gen. nov. et sp. nov. From Brazil, and Silvaspora gen. nov. From New Caledonia. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:655910. [PMID: 33967994 PMCID: PMC8102679 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.655910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Examination of fungal specimens collected in the Atlantic rain forest ecosystems of Northeast Brazil revealed many potentially new epigeous and semihypogeous glomerocarp-producing species of the phylum Glomeromycota. Among them were two fungi that formed unorganized epigeous glomerocarps with glomoid spores of almost identical morphology. The sole structure that distinguished the two fungi was the laminate layer 2 of their three-layered spore wall, which in spores of the second fungus crushed in PVLG-based mountants contracted and, consequently, transferred into a crown-like structure. Surprisingly, phylogenetic analyses of sequences of the 18S-ITS-28S nuc rDNA and the rpb1 gene indicated that these glomerocarps represent two strongly divergent undescribed species in the family Glomeraceae. The analyses placed the first in the genus Dominikia, and the second in a sister clade to the monospecific generic clade Kamienskia with Kamienskia bistrata. The first species was described here as Dominikia glomerocarpica sp. nov. Because D. glomerocarpica is the first glomerocarp-forming species in Dominikia, the generic description of this genus was emended. The very large phylogenetic distance and the fundamental morphological differences between the second species and K. bistrata suggested us to introduce a new genus, here named as Epigeocarpum gen. nov., and name the new species Epigeocarpum crypticum sp. nov. In addition, our analyses also focused on an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus originally described as Rhizophagus neocaledonicus, later transferred to the genus Rhizoglomus. The analyses indicated that this species does not belong to any of these two genera but represents a new clade at the rank of genus in the Glomeraceae, here described as Silvaspora gen. nov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janusz Błaszkowski
- Laboratory of Plant Protection, Department of Shaping of Environment, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Khadija Jobim
- Departamento de Botânica e Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Piotr Niezgoda
- Laboratory of Plant Protection, Department of Shaping of Environment, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Edward Meller
- Laboratory of Soil Science and Environmental Chemistry, Department of Shaping of Environment, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Ryszard Malinowski
- Laboratory of Soil Science and Environmental Chemistry, Department of Shaping of Environment, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Paweł Milczarski
- Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Szymon Zubek
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Botany, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Franco Magurno
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Leonardo Casieri
- Mycorrhizal Applications LLC at Bio-Research & Development Growth Park, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Wojciech Bierza
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Tomasz Błaszkowski
- Department of General and Oncological Surgery, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Thomas Crossay
- Institut des Sciences Exactes et Appliquées (EA 7484), Université de la Nouvelle Calédonie, Nouméa, New Caledonia
| | - Bruno Tomio Goto
- Departamento de Botânica e Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
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Giovannini L, Sbrana C, Avio L, Turrini A. Diversity of a phosphate transporter gene among species and isolates of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2021; 367:5733160. [PMID: 32043113 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnaa024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are a key group of beneficial obligate biotrophs, establishing a mutualistic symbiosis with the roots of most land plants. The molecular markers generally used for their characterization are mainly based on informative regions of nuclear rDNA (SSU-ITS-LSU), although protein-encoding genes have also been proposed. Within functional genes, those encoding for phosphate transporters (PT) are particularly important in AMF, given their primary ability to take up Pi from soil, and to differentially affect plant phosphate nutrition. In this work, we investigated the genetic diversity of PT1 gene sequences and sequences of the taxonomically relevant SSU-ITS-LSU region in two isolates of the species Funneliformis coronatus, three isolates of the species Funneliformis mosseae and two species of the genus Rhizoglomus, originated from geographically distant areas and cultured in vivo. Our results showed that partial PT1 sequences not only successfully differentiated AMF genera and species like ribosomal gene sequences but also highlighted intraspecific diversity among F. mosseae and F. coronatus isolates. The study of functional genes related to the uptake of key mineral nutrients for the assessment of AMF diversity represents a key step in the selection of efficient isolates to be used as inocula in sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Giovannini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Agro-ambientali, Università di Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Cristiana Sbrana
- CNR, Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Luciano Avio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Agro-ambientali, Università di Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Turrini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Agro-ambientali, Università di Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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Singh U, Akhtar O, Mishra R, Zoomi I, Kehri HK, Pandey D. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi: Biodiversity, Interaction with Plants, and Potential Applications. Fungal Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-67561-5_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Nanoglomus plukenetiae, a new fungus from Peru, and a key to small-spored Glomeraceae species, including three new genera in the “Dominikia complex/clades”. Mycol Prog 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-019-01522-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Błaszkowski J, Niezgoda P, Piątek M, Magurno F, Malicka M, Zubek S, Mleczko P, Yorou NS, Jobim K, Vista XM, Lima JLR, Goto BT. Rhizoglomus dalpeae, R. maiae, and R. silesianum, new species. Mycologia 2019; 111:965-980. [PMID: 31560606 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2019.1654637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We examined three arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF; phylum Glomeromycota) producing glomoid spores. The mode of formation and morphology of these spores suggested that they represent undescribed species in the genus Rhizoglomus of the family Glomeraceae. Subsequent morphological studies of the spores and molecular phylogenetic analyses of sequences of the nuc rDNA small subunit (18S), internal transcribed spacer (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 = ITS), and large subunit (28S) region (= 18S-ITS-28S) confirmed the suggestion and indicated that the fungi strongly differ from all previously described Rhizoglomus species with known DNA barcodes. Consequently, the fungi were described here as new species: R. dalpeae, R. maiae, and R. silesianum. Two of these species lived hypogeously in the field in habitats subjected to strong environmental stresses. Rhizoglomus dalpeae originated from an inselberg located within Guineo-Sudanian transition savanna zone in Benin, West Africa, where the temperature of the inselberg rock during a 5-mo drought ranges from 40 to 60 C. Rhizoglomus silesianum originated from a coal mine spoil heap in Poland, whose substrate is extremely poor in nutrients, has unfavorable texture, and may heat up to 50 C. By contrast, R. maiae was found in more favorable habitat conditions. It produced an epigeous cluster of spores among shrubs growing in a tropical humid reserve in Brazil. Moreover, the compatibility of phylogenies of species of the family Glomeraceae reconstructed from analyses of sequences of 18S-ITS-28S and the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB1) gene was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janusz Błaszkowski
- Department of Ecology, Protection and Shaping of Environment, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Słowackiego 17, PL-71-434 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Piotr Niezgoda
- Department of Ecology, Protection and Shaping of Environment, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Słowackiego 17, PL-71-434 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Marcin Piątek
- Department of Mycology, W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lubicz 46, PL-31-512 Kraków, Poland
| | - Franco Magurno
- Department of Botany and Nature Protection, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellońska 28, PL-40-032 Katowice, Poland
| | - Monika Malicka
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellońska 28, PL-40-032 Katowice, Poland
| | - Szymon Zubek
- Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 3, PL-30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Piotr Mleczko
- Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 3, PL-30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Nourou S Yorou
- Faculty of Agronomy, University of Parakou, BP 123, Parakou, Benin
| | - Khadija Jobim
- Departamento de Botânica e Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Universitário, 59072-970, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Xochtil Margarito Vista
- Departamento de Botânica e Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Universitário, 59072-970, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Juliana L R Lima
- Departamento de Botânica e Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Universitário, 59072-970, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Bruno Tomio Goto
- Departamento de Botânica e Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Universitário, 59072-970, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
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Marinho F, Oehl F, da Silva IR, Coyne D, Veras JSDN, Maia LC. High diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in natural and anthropized sites of a Brazilian tropical dry forest (Caatinga). FUNGAL ECOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Faggioli V, Menoyo E, Geml J, Kemppainen M, Pardo A, Salazar MJ, Becerra AG. Soil lead pollution modifies the structure of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities. MYCORRHIZA 2019; 29:363-373. [PMID: 31016370 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-019-00895-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The impact of lead (Pb) pollution on native communities of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) was assessed in soil samples from the surroundings of an abandoned Pb smelting factory. To consider the influence of host identity, bulk soil surrounding plant roots soil samples of predominant plant species (Sorghum halepense, Bidens pilosa, and Tagetes minuta) growing in Pb-polluted soils and in an uncontaminated site were selected. Molecular diversity was assessed by sequencing the 18S rDNA region with primers specific to AMF (AMV4.5NF/AMDGR) using Illumina MiSeq. A total of 115 virtual taxa (VT) of AMF were identified in this survey. Plant species did not affect AMF diversity patterns. However, soil Pb content was negatively correlated with VT richness per sample. Paraglomeraceae and Glomeraceae were the predominant families while Acaulosporaceae, Ambisporaceae, Archaeosporaceae, Claroideoglomeraceae, Diversisporaceae, and Gigasporaceae were less abundant. Acaulosporaceae and Glomeraceae were negatively affected by soil Pb, but Paraglomeraceae relative abundance increased under increasing soil Pb content. Overall, 26 indicator taxa were identified; four of them were previously reported in Pb-polluted soils (VT060; VT222; VT004; VT380); and five corresponded to cultured spores of Scutellospora castaneae (VT041), Diversispora spp. and Tricispora nevadensis (VT060), Diversispora epigaea (VT061), Glomus proliferum (VT099), and Gl. indicum (VT222). Even though AMF were present in Pb-polluted soils, community structure was strongly altered via the differential responses of taxonomic groups of AMF to Pb pollution. These taxon-specific differences in tolerance to soil Pb content should be considered for future phytoremediation strategies based on the selection and utilization of native Glomeromycota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Faggioli
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, EEA Marcos Juárez, Ruta 12 km 36, 2580, Marcos Juárez, Argentina
| | - Eugenia Menoyo
- Grupo de Estudios Ambientales (GEA), Instituto de Matemática Aplicada San Luis (IMASL)-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Ejército de los Andes 950, 5700, San Luis, Argentina
| | - József Geml
- Biodiversity Dynamics Research Group, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Vondellaan 55, 2332 AA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Minna Kemppainen
- Laboratorio de Micología Molecular, Instituto de Microbiología Básica y Aplicada (IMBA), Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, y CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Roque Sáenz Peña, 352, Bernal, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro Pardo
- Laboratorio de Micología Molecular, Instituto de Microbiología Básica y Aplicada (IMBA), Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, y CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Roque Sáenz Peña, 352, Bernal, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Julieta Salazar
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV)-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Vélez Sársfield, 1611, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Alejandra G Becerra
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV)-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Vélez Sársfield, 1611, Córdoba, Argentina.
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Jobim K, Błaszkowski J, Niezgoda P, Kozłowska A, Zubek S, Mleczko P, Chachuła P, Ishikawa NK, Goto BT. New sporocarpic taxa in the phylum Glomeromycota: Sclerocarpum amazonicum gen. et sp. nov. in the family Glomeraceae (Glomerales) and Diversispora sporocarpia sp. nov. in the Diversisporaceae (Diversisporales). Mycol Prog 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-018-01462-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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