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Du X, Li C, Zhang S, Sun C, Zhang X, Chen C, Wang X, Cheng F, Wang Q. Exploring the pharmacological mechanism of calculus bovis in cerebral ischaemic stroke using a network pharmacology approach. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 284:114507. [PMID: 34384847 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Calculus bovis is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of cerebrovascular diseases given its roles in clearing away heat, detoxification and pain relief. Calculus bovis is used the treatment of cerebral ischaemia, liver and gallbladder diseases and various inflammatory conditions. However, the mechanism of action of calculus bovis in the treatment of ischaemic stroke is not well understood. AIM OF THE STUDY In this study, the anti-inflammatory, antioxidative and antiapoptotic effects of calculus bovis on neurovascular units were studied, and the mechanism of action of calculus bovis on neurovascular units was also discussed. MATERIALS AND METHODS Neurons, astrocytes, and endothelial cells were used to construct models of brain neurovascular units in vitro. The oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation and glucose (OGD/R) model was used to assess the effects of in vitro cultured calculus bovis on inflammatory factors, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. ZO-1, Occludin, Claudin-5, HIF-1, VEGF, PI3K, Akt, Bax, Bcl-2, and Caspase-3 expression was detected. RESULTS In vitro cultured calculus bovis protects the blood-brain barrier; repairs tight junction proteins; increases ZO-1, Occludin and Claudin-5 protein expression; maintains TEER(transepithelial electrical resistance) values; repairs damaged endothelial cells; increases γ-GT activity; reduces LDH and inflammatory injury; and reduces TNF-α, LI-6, and IL-1β levels. In vitro cultured calculus bovis reduces oxidative stress damage and NO and improves SOD activity. In vitro cultured calculus bovis protects neurons through antiapoptotic activities, including reductions in the apoptotic proteins Bax and Caspase-3, increases in Bcl-2 protein expression, and protection of brain neurovascular units through the HIF/VEGF and PI3K/Akt signalling pathways. CONCLUSION In summary, the protective effect of calculus bovis on neurovascular units is achieved through antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects. The mechanism of action of in vitro cultured calculus bovis in ischaemic stroke involves multiple targets and signalling pathways. The PI3K/Akt, HIF-1α and VEGF pathways effectively protect neurovascular units in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Du
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Changxiang Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Chunyan Sun
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Xiaole Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Congai Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Xueqian Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Fafeng Cheng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Qingguo Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, China.
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Lei K, He GF, Zhang CL, Liu YN, Li J, He GZ, Li XP, Ren XH, Liu D. Investigation of the synergistic effects of haloperidol combined with Calculus Bovis Sativus in treating MK-801-induced schizophrenia in rats. Exp Anim 2018; 67:163-173. [PMID: 29225304 PMCID: PMC5955748 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.17-0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical studies that focused on treating schizophrenia showed that Calculus Bovis Sativus (CBS), a substitute of Calculus Bovis, when used in combination with haloperidol could significantly lower the dosage of haloperidol compared with treatment with haloperidol alone, whereas efficacy was maintained. The aim of this study was to investigate the synergetic anti-schizophrenia effects in rats using CBS in combination with haloperidol. An open field test was conducted to verify the pharmacodynamic effects of a combination treatment of CBS and haloperidol on MK-801-induced schizophrenic rats. Rat plasma concentrations of intragastric haloperidol and intravenous haloperidol were determined after oral administration of a single dose or 1-week of pretreatment with CBS (50 mg/kg). The pharmacodynamic data showed a significant decrease in locomotor activity and an increase in the percentage of the central distance when haloperidol was concomitantly administered with CBS compared with haloperidol administration alone. The AUC0-∞ and Cmax of haloperidol in the orally coadministered groups were significantly higher compared with the oral treatment with haloperidol alone. In conclusion, oral coadministration of CBS with haloperidol resulted in a synergistic effect in rats. The enhanced oral bioavailability of haloperidol when combined with CBS might be attributed to the interaction between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Lei
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical School, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Fang He
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical School, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, P.R. China
| | - Cheng-Liang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical School, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Nan Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical School, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, P.R. China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical School, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Zhao He
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzhou Tumor Hospital, 68 Honghe Road, Xinbei District, Changzhou 213032, P.R. China
| | - Xi-Ping Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical School, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, P.R. China
| | - Xiu-Hua Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical School, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, P.R. China
| | - Dong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical School, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, P.R. China
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Upregulation of PDZK1 by Calculus Bovis Sativus May Play an Important Role in Restoring Biliary Transport Function in Intrahepatic Cholestasis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:1640187. [PMID: 28133487 PMCID: PMC5241494 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1640187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholestasis is a main cause of hepatic accumulation of bile acids leading to liver injury, fibrosis, and liver failure. Our previous studies proved that Calculus Bovis Sativus (CBS) can restore biliary transport function through upregulating the multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) in 17α-ethynylestradiol- (EE-) induced intrahepatic cholestasis rats. The regulation mechanism of CBS on these transporters, however, remains unclear. This study was designed to evaluate the possible relationship between the effect of CBS on transport activities and the regulation of CBS on the expression of PDZK1, a mainly scaffold protein which can regulate MRP2 and BCRP. Intrahepatic cholestasis model was induced in rats with injection of EE for five consecutive days and then the biliary excretion rates and cumulative biliary excretions were measured. The mRNA and protein expression levels of PDZK1 were detected by reverse transcription-quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blot, and immunohistochemical analysis. When treated with CBS, cumulative biliary excretions and mRNA and protein expressions of PDZK1 were significantly increased in intrahepatic cholestasis rats. This study demonstrated that CBS exerted a beneficial effect on EE-induced intrahepatic cholestasis rats by restoring biliary transport function, which may result from the upregulation of PDZK1 expression.
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Protective Effect of Calculus Bovis Sativus on Dextran Sulphate Sodium-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:469506. [PMID: 26579201 PMCID: PMC4633553 DOI: 10.1155/2015/469506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Calculus Bovis Sativus (CBS) is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine, which has been reported to exhibit antispasmodic, fever-reducing, anti-inflammatory, and gallbladder-repairing effects. The present study aims to investigate the protective effect of CBS on dextran sulphate sodium- (DSS-) induced ulcerative colitis (UC) in mice. C57BL/6 male mice were exposed to 5% DSS in drinking water. CBS was given orally at 50 and 150 mg/kg once per day for 7 days. Body weight, disease activity index (DAI), colon length, colonic myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) levels were measured. Administration of CBS significantly reserved these changes, decreased the MPO activity and MDA and NO level, and increased the SOD activity in the colon tissue. Histological observation suggested that CBS alleviated edema, mucosal damage, and inflammatory cells infiltration induced by DSS in the colon. Moreover, CBS significantly downregulated the mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin- (IL-) 1β and IL-6 in the colon tissue. Our data suggested that CBS exerted protective effect on DSS-induced UC partially through the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.
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Wang Y, Jiang H, Huang H, Xie Y, Zhao Y, You X, Tang L, Wang Y, Yin W, Qiu P, Yan G, Hu H. Determination of neuroprotective oxysterols in Calculus bovis
, human gallstones, and traditional Chinese medicine preparations by liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:796-803. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yalong Wang
- Lab of Pharmaceutics; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Han Jiang
- Lab of Pharmaceutics; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Huizhi Huang
- Lab of Pharmaceutics; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Yanqi Xie
- Lab of Pharmaceutics; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Yunshi Zhao
- Lab of Pharmaceutics; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Xiuhua You
- Lab of Pharmaceutics; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Lipeng Tang
- Department of Pharmacology; Zhongshan School of Medicine; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Youqiong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology; Zhongshan School of Medicine; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Wei Yin
- Department of Pharmacology; Zhongshan School of Medicine; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Pengxin Qiu
- Department of Pharmacology; Zhongshan School of Medicine; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Guangmei Yan
- Department of Pharmacology; Zhongshan School of Medicine; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Haiyan Hu
- Lab of Pharmaceutics; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou China
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Beneficial effect of Calculus Bovis Sativus on 17α-ethynylestradiol-induced cholestasis in the rat. Life Sci 2014; 113:22-30. [PMID: 25072355 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Calculus Bovis Sativus (CBS) shares similar pharmacological effects with Calculus Bovis like relieving hepatobiliary diseases. This study aims to investigate the effect and mechanism of CBS on 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE)-induced cholestasis in the rat. MAIN METHODS CBS (50 and 150 mg/kg per day) was intragastrically (i. g.) given to experimental rats for 5 consecutive days in coadministration with EE. The levels of serum biomarkers, hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were determined by biochemical methods. The bile flow in 2h was measured. The histopathology of the liver tissue was evaluated. The expression of transporter was studied by reverse transcription-quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blot. KEY FINDINGS CBS treatment significantly prevented EE-induced increases in serum levels of biomarkers. Decreased bile flow by EE was restored with CBS treatment. The tissue lesions were also relieved with CBS treatment. Western blot studies indicated that EE significantly decreased the protein expression of multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (Mrp2) and breast cancer resistance protein (Bcrp), but notably increased P-glycoprotein (P-gp) protein, compared with the control group. CBS treatment significantly increased the protein expression of P-gp, Mrp2 and Bcrp compared with the EE group. RT-qPCR studies indicated that EE down-regulated Bcrp at transcriptional level. CBS up-regulated the mRNA expression of P-gp, Mrp2 and Bcrp compared with the EE group. SIGNIFICANCE The present study indicated that CBS exerted a beneficial effect on EE-induced cholestasis in the rat, which may result from its induction of P-gp, Mrp2 and Bcrp expression.
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Wang GH, Lan R, Zhen XD, Zhang W, Xiang J, Cai DF. An-Gong-Niu-Huang Wan protects against cerebral ischemia induced apoptosis in rats: up-regulation of Bcl-2 and down-regulation of Bax and caspase-3. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 154:156-162. [PMID: 24690773 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The An-Gong-Niu-Huang Wan (AGNH), a Chinese traditional medicine, has been used for treatment of cerebral diseases for centuries in China and other Asian countries, and is approved by the State Food and Drug Administration of China for the treatment of stroke. The aim of present study is to test the neuroprotective effects of AGNH on cerebral ischemia in rats and to explore the underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS 75 Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: sham, ischemia-reperfusion (I/R), and I/R plus 0.065 g/kg/d AGNH, 0.125 g/kg/d AGNH and 0.25 g/kg/d AGNH. Cerebral ischemia was induced by 1.5h of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Neurological functional deficits were evaluated according to Zea longa׳s score, cerebral infarct area was measured by tetrazolium staining. Cell injury and apoptosis were assessed by Nissl staining and DNA fragmentation assay. The expression of Bax, Bcl-2 and caspase-3 were analyzed by Western blot. RESULTS Rats subjected to MCAO exhibited worsened neurological score, infarct area, cell damage and apoptosis. These were all attenuated by AGNH (0.125 and 0.25 g/kg/d). Moreover, AGNH reversed cerebral ischemia induced decreases in Bcl-2 expression and increases in Bax and caspase-3 expression. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that AGNH exerts neuroprotective effects, and the neuroprotection is likely to relate to depressed Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and caspase-3 level, leading to inhibition of apoptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Hua Wang
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, and Laboratory of Neurology, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Rui Lan
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, and Laboratory of Neurology, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xin-De Zhen
- Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, and Laboratory of Neurology, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jun Xiang
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, and Laboratory of Neurology, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Ding-Fang Cai
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, and Laboratory of Neurology, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Effect of salvia miltiorrhiza pretreatment on the CCK and VIP expression in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion-induced digestive tract congestion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 4:317-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s11684-010-0035-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2009] [Accepted: 10/30/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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