1
|
Kapasa ER, Giannoudis PV, Jia X, Hatton PV, Yang XB. The Effect of RANKL/OPG Balance on Reducing Implant Complications. J Funct Biomater 2017; 8:E42. [PMID: 28937598 PMCID: PMC5748549 DOI: 10.3390/jfb8040042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the phenomenal success of implants particularly in the realms of dentistry and orthopaedics, there are still challenges to overcome. The failure of implants resulting from infection, prosthetic loosening, and non-union continue to be the most notorious examples. The cascade of fracture healing and bone repair, especially with the presence of an implant, is complex because it involves a multifaceted immune response alongside the intricate process of bone formation and remodelling. Bone loss is a serious clinical problem that is frequently accompanied by chronic inflammation, illustrating that there is a convoluted relationship between inflammation and bone erosion. The effects of pro-inflammatory factors play a significant role in initiating and maintaining osteoclastogenesis that results in bone resorption by osteoclasts. This is because there is a disruption of the relative ratio between Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor κB-Ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG), which is central to modulating bone repair and remodelling. This review aims to provide a background to the bone remodelling process, the bone repair cascade post-implantation, and the associated complications. Furthermore, current clinical solutions that can influence bone formation via either internal or extrinsic mechanisms will be described. These efficacious treatments for osteolysis via targeting the RANKL/OPG ratio may be crucial to reducing the incidence of related implant failures in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R Kapasa
- Doctoral Training Centre-Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Group, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Peter V Giannoudis
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Xiaodong Jia
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Paul V Hatton
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK.
| | - Xuebin B Yang
- Doctoral Training Centre-Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Group, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhao J, Ouyang Q, Hu Z, Huang Q, Wu J, Wang R, Yang M. A protocol for the culture and isolation of murine synovial fibroblasts. Biomed Rep 2016; 5:171-175. [PMID: 27446536 PMCID: PMC4950553 DOI: 10.3892/br.2016.708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The culture of synovial fibroblasts (SFs) is one of the most effective tools for investigating the pathology and physiology of synovial tissues and should prove useful for identifying the importance of SFs in disease as well as for the development of novel therapeutic approaches for several chronic joint diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis. However, thus far, a detailed protocol for the primary culture and isolation of murine SFs has not been established. Therefore, the present study describes an easy and convenient method for isolating and culturing SFs from C57BL/6 mice. This protocol can be divided into 4 stages: Isolation of synovial tissues, isolation of SFs, seeding of SFs for growth in culture and purity analysis of SFs using the four cell markers, vimentin, cluster of differentiation 90.2 (CD90.2; Thy-1.2), intracellular adhesion molecule 1 (CD54) and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (CD106). This method is efficient and a purified population of SFs can be obtained 10 days after the initiation of culture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinjun Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Qingqing Ouyang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Ziyou Hu
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Qin Huang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Ran Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tao K, Tang X, Wang B, Li RJ, Zhang BQ, Lin JH, Li H. Distinct expression of chemokine-like factor 1 in synovium of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 36:70-76. [PMID: 26838743 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-016-1544-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Chemokine-like factor 1 (CKLF1) is a newly cloned chemotactic cytokine with CCR4 being its functional receptor. Recent evidence demonstrates a role of CKLF1 in arthritis. The aim of this study was to quantify the expression of CKLF1 as well as assess the correlation between CKLF1 and plasma acute-phase markers. Synovium was obtained from 16 osteoarthritis (OA), 15 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 10 ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty, with other 11 patients treated for meniscal tears during sport accidents serving as normal controls. Levels of CKLF1 and CCR4 mRNA were detected by qRT-PCR, and the expression of CKLF1 was investigated by immunohistochemistry staining, subsequently analyzed with semiquantitative scores. Plasma acute-phase markers of inflammation were determined by ELISA. CKLF1 was found with a particularly up-regulated expression in synovim from AS and RA patients, and CCR4 mRNA levels increased in RA patients, not in OA or AS patients. Elevated levels of plasma markers of inflammation including CRP, ESR and D-dimer were observed in RA. Further, significantly positive correlations between relative expression levels of CKLF1 and CRP/ESR in RA patients and a positive correlation between CKLF1 and ESR in AS patients were found. There was no detectable correlation between CKLF1 and plasma D-dimer. This study confirms an increased but different level of CKLF1 in RA, OA and AS patients, all significantly higher than that in controls. Additionally, the significant positive correlations between CKLF1 levels and CRP/ESR in RA and between CKLF1 and ESR suggest that CKLF1 might contribute to the inflammation state and clinical symptoms in these rheumatic diseases. Further studies are required to investigate the utility of targeting specific CKLF1 for symptom control or disease modification in RA and AS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Tao
- Arthritis Clinical and Research Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
- Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xu Tang
- Arthritis Clinical and Research Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Arthritis Clinical and Research Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
- Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ru-Jun Li
- Arthritis Clinical and Research Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Bao-Qing Zhang
- Arthritis Clinical and Research Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
- Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jian-Hao Lin
- Arthritis Clinical and Research Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Hu Li
- Arthritis Clinical and Research Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China.
| |
Collapse
|